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English Legal System 3rd Revised edition [Minkštas viršelis]

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(former Principal Lecturer, Northumbria University, Newcastle), (Associate Professor of Law, Northumbria Universit), (Senior Lecturer, Northumbria University, Newcastle), (Senior Lecturer and Solicitor, Northumbria University, Newcastle)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 720 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 247x190x27 mm, weight: 1155 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 26-Apr-2018
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198808151
  • ISBN-13: 9780198808152
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
English Legal System 3rd Revised editionDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 720 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 247x190x27 mm, weight: 1155 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 26-Apr-2018
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198808151
  • ISBN-13: 9780198808152
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9780198808152.html
Raktažodžiai:
How does the English legal system work? Who are the key players? How do its workings affect everyday life?
Answering these questions and more, English Legal System provides students with the fundamental knowledge they need to approach the subject with confidence. Concise, straightforward, and easy-to-understand, the book offers clear and accessible explanations of all the essential topics. With real-life applications and examples, and a 'talking point' feature at the start of each chapter, once students have grasped concepts they can go on to understand the law in its working context.

Packed with questions, features, and written in an engaging style, this book takes students on a journey, inviting them to read, understand, see the law in practice, and then think for themselves. Going beyond description to invite students to reflect and question, 'thinking point' and 'critical debate' features present opportunities for students to develop their own views and consider how effective the law is at achieving its aims.

The strongest foundation for students at the start of their study of law; this is a clear, complete, and contextualized account of the English legal system and an essential guide.

English Legal System is supported by online resources, featuring the following:

For students:
- Self-test questions to allow students to test their knowledge
- A sample act of parliament to guide students through reading legislation
- Web links to aid students in reading around the topics
- Links to video material to allow students to engage with subject areas
- A guide to reading cases to help students build up this key skill for their study of law
- Regular updates to the law to explain any key changes

For lecturers:
- Diagrams from the book for use in presentations
Table of cases
xxviii
Table of legislation
xxxix
Table of European legislation
xlviii
Table of statutory instruments
1(3)
1 Studying the English legal system
1.1 From A-level to degree study
4(1)
1.2 Advice on studying the English legal system
5(2)
1.2.1 Aims and outcomes
6(1)
1.2.2 Syllabus
6(1)
1.2.3 Reading
6(1)
1.3 Lectures
7(3)
1.3.1 Note taking
8(1)
1.3.2 After the lecture
9(1)
1.4 Preparing for seminars or tutorials
10(1)
1.5 Assessment
11(4)
1.5.1 Assignments (forming part of the assessment for the English Legal System module)
11(1)
1.5.2 Importance of assessment criteria
12(1)
1.5.3 Writing an assignment
12(2)
1.5.4 Referencing
14(1)
1.5.5 Finally...
15(1)
1.5.6 What to do after the return of your assignment
15(1)
1.6 A note about group work
15(1)
1.7 Oral presentations
15(1)
1.8 Examinations
16(6)
1.8.1 Preparing for examinations
16(2)
1.8.2 The examination
18(1)
1.8.3 Post-examination
18(4)
2 English legal system--an overview
2.1 What is law? Some basic ideas
22(5)
2.1.1 Recognised as being law
23(1)
2.1.2 Geographical area and commencement
24(1)
2.1.3 The commencement of Acts of Parliament
25(1)
2.1.4 The content of law
25(2)
2.2 Common law and equity
27(3)
2.2.1 Common law
27(1)
2.2.2 Equity
27(2)
2.2.3 Common law--in the sense of judge-made law
29(1)
2.3 Parliament and legislation
30(6)
2.3.1 Relationship between the law of the UK and the law of the EU
34(2)
2.3.2 Relationship between the law of the UK and the ECHR
36(1)
2.4 Criminal law and civil law--terminology, differences, and themes
36(2)
2.4.1 Criminal
36(1)
2.4.2 Civil
37(1)
2.4.3 Terminology
38(1)
2.5 Classification of the courts
38(17)
2.5.1 Constitutional Reform Act 2005
38(1)
2.5.2 Overview of the composition and jurisdiction of the courts
39(1)
2.5.3 Magistrates' courts
39(2)
2.5.4 Coroner's court
41(1)
2.5.5 Crown Court
42(1)
2.5.6 County Court
43(3)
2.5.7 Family court
46(1)
2.5.8 High Court
47(2)
2.5.9 Court of Appeal
49(2)
2.5.10 Supreme Court
51(2)
2.5.11 Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
53(1)
2.5.12 Court of Justice of the European Union
53(1)
2.5.13 European Court of Human Rights
54(1)
2.6 Legal personnel and bodies
55(10)
2.6.1 Government and the English legal system---the Ministry of Justice
55(1)
2.6.2 Lord Chancellor
56(1)
2.6.3 The Attorney General
56(1)
2.6.4 The Director of Public Prosecutions
56(1)
2.6.5 Crown Prosecution Service (CPS)
57(1)
2.6.6 The Lord Chief Justice
57(1)
2.6.7 Legal Aid Agency
57(1)
2.6.8 Law reform
58(1)
2.6.9 Lawyers
59(6)
3 Legislation and the law-making process
3.1 Parliament
65(9)
3.1.1 The nature and functions of Parliament
65(1)
3.1.2 The House of Commons
66(2)
3.1.3 The House of Lords
68(4)
3.1.4 Reform of the House of Lords
72(2)
3.2 Primary legislation
74(6)
3.2.1 Public, private, and hybrid legislation
75(1)
3.2.2 `Constitutional' and `ordinary' legislation?
75(1)
3.2.3 The origins of legislation
76(4)
3.3 The passage of legislation through Parliament
80(11)
3.3.1 Procedure for the passage of a public bill
81(6)
3.3.2 Carrying over bills from one parliamentary session to another
87(1)
3.3.3 The effectiveness of parliamentary scrutiny of legislation
87(2)
3.3.4 English Votes for English Laws (EVEL)
89(2)
3.4 Resolving inter-House conflicts using the Parliament Act procedure
91(3)
3.4.1 Money bills
91(1)
3.4.2 Other bills
91(3)
3.5 Secondary legislation
94(14)
3.5.1 Forms of delegated legislation
94(2)
3.5.2 Why is delegated legislation necessary?
96(2)
3.5.3 Possible dangers inherent in secondary legislation
98(1)
3.5.4 Control over delegated legislation
99(9)
4 The interpretation of statutes
4.1 Problems of language
108(1)
4.2 Preliminary issues
109(2)
4.3 The approach to statutory interpretation
111(14)
4.3.1 The literal rule
111(1)
4.3.2 The golden rule
112(1)
4.3.3 The mischief rule
113(2)
4.3.4 Application of the literal, golden, and mischief rules
115(1)
4.3.5 The unified contextual approach
116(5)
4.3.6 The rules of statutory interpretation in action
121(4)
4.4 Aids to construction
125(9)
4.4.1 Aids to construction found within an Act of Parliament
125(3)
4.4.2 Aids to construction found outside an Act of Parliament
128(6)
4.5 Rules of language
134(2)
4.5.1 Expressio unius est exclusio alterius rule
134(1)
4.5.2 Ejusdem generis rule
135(1)
4.5.3 Noscitur a socs rule
135(1)
4.6 Presumptions of statutory intent
136(2)
4.6.1 Presumptions of general application
136(1)
4.6.2 Presumptions of legislative intent in cases of doubt or ambiguity
137(1)
4.7 Interpretation of legislation and the EU
138(4)
4.8 Interpretation of legislation and the Human Rights Act 1998
142(7)
5 The doctrine of judicial precedent
5.1 Judicial precedent and law reporting
149(1)
5.2 Nature of judge-made law
150(3)
5.3 Ratio decidendi
153(9)
5.3.1 Identification of the ratio decidendi of a case
154(1)
5.3.2 Cases on the interpretation of statutes
155(2)
5.3.3 Looking to later cases in determining the ratio decidendi of a case
157(1)
5.3.4 Finding the ratio decidendi---an illustration
158(3)
5.3.5 More than one ratio
161(1)
5.3.6 The ratio decidendi of appellate courts
161(1)
5.4 Obiter dicta
162(1)
5.5 Nature of stare decisis
163(21)
5.5.1 The Court of Justice of the European Union (EU)
164(1)
5.5.2 The Supreme Court/House of Lords
164(6)
5.5.3 Court of Appeal
170(8)
5.5.4 High Court---Divisional Courts and at first instance
178(3)
5.5.5 The Crown Court
181(1)
5.5.6 The County Court and magistrates' courts
182(1)
5.5.7 Family court
182(1)
5.5.8 Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
182(1)
5.5.9 Judicial precedent, the Human Rights Act 1998, and the European Court of Human Rights
183(1)
5.6 Methods of avoiding precedents
184(2)
5.6.1 Overruling
184(1)
5.6.2 Reversing
185(1)
5.6.3 Distinguishing
186(1)
5.7 Nature of the rules of judicial precedent
186(1)
5.8 Case analysis
187(8)
6 The law and institutions of the European Union (EU)
6.1 The history of the EU
195(4)
6.1.1 The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)
195(1)
6.1.2 The EEC
196(1)
6.1.3 Geographical enlargement and legal expansion
196(1)
6.1.4 The EU and other developments
197(1)
6.1.5 The state of the Union
197(1)
6.1.6 What next for the UK?
198(1)
6.2 The institutions of the EU
199(3)
6.2.1 European Council
199(1)
6.2.2 Council of the EU
199(1)
6.2.3 European Commission
200(1)
6.2.4 European Parliament
201(1)
6.2.5 Court of Justice of the EU
201(1)
6.2.6 General Court
202(1)
6.2.7 European Central Bank
202(1)
6.2.8 European Economic and Social Committee (EESC)
202(1)
6.2.9 Committee of the Regions (CoR)
202(1)
6.3 Sources of EU law
202(4)
6.3.1 The Treaties and the Charter
202(1)
6.3.2 Secondary legislation: an introduction
203(1)
6.3.3 Regulations
203(1)
6.3.4 Directives
204(1)
6.3.5 Decisions
205(1)
6.3.6 Recommendations and opinions
205(1)
6.3.7 Case law
205(1)
6.4 The preliminary rulings procedure
206(9)
6.4.1 Introduction
206(1)
6.4.2 Purpose
206(1)
6.4.3 Scope
206(1)
6.4.4 Who can seek a preliminary ruling?
207(1)
6.4.5 Discretionary and mandatory referral
208(1)
6.4.6 Avoiding mandatory referral
209(2)
6.4.7 Docket control
211(1)
6.4.8 Preliminary rulings on validity
212(1)
6.4.9 The urgent procedure
212(1)
6.4.10 Reform of the preliminary rulings procedure
212(3)
6.5 Supremacy of EU law
215(1)
6.6 Direct effect
216(9)
6.6.1 Introduction
216(1)
6.6.2 Direct effect and Treaty articles
216(2)
6.6.3 Direct effect and the Charter
218(1)
6.6.4 Direct effect and regulations
218(1)
6.6.5 Direct effect and directives
218(4)
6.6.6 The incidental direct effect of directives
222(1)
6.6.7 Indirect effect
223(2)
6.7 State liability
225(4)
6.7.1 Introduction
225(1)
6.7.2 The conditions for state liability
225(2)
6.7.3 What is the `state'?
227(2)
6.7.4 Limitations
229(1)
6.8 EU law in the UK post-Brexit: the European Union (Withdrawal) Bill
229(12)
6.8.1 Repeal of the European Communities Act 1972 (the ECA 1972)
230(1)
6.8.2 Saving for EU-derived domestic legislation
230(1)
6.8.3 Incorporation of `direct EU legislation'
230(1)
6.8.4 Saving for certain provisions in the Treaties--but not the Charter?
231(1)
6.8.5 Supremacy of EU law post-Brexit
231(1)
6.8.6 Interpretation of `retained EU Law'
232(1)
6.8.7 The end of state liability
232(1)
6.8.8 Dealing with deficiencies arising from withdrawal
232(9)
7 Human rights and fundamental freedoms
7.1 The ECHR and the incorporation of Convention rights into UK law
241(4)
7.1.1 The ECHR
241(1)
7.1.2 The Human Rights Act 1998 and incorporation of `Convention rights' into UK law
242(2)
7.1.3 Derogation from Convention rights
244(1)
7.2 Parliamentary sovereignty and the ECHR
245(1)
7.3 Interpretation of legislation under section 3
246(4)
7.4 Declaration of incompatibility
250(4)
7.5 Statements of compatibility in Parliament
254(1)
7.6 Remedying incompatibility
254(1)
7.6.1 Primary legislation incompatible
254(1)
7.6.2 Subordinate legislation incompatible
255(1)
7.7 The UK courts and the European Court of Human Rights
255(3)
7.8 Unlawful for a public authority to act incompatibly with Convention rights
258(16)
7.8.1 Vertical and horizontal rights
259(1)
7.8.2 Meaning of public authority
260(2)
7.8.3 Determining what is a public authority
262(4)
7.8.4 Enforcement of Convention rights
266(1)
7.8.5 Remedies
266(8)
8 The judiciary
8.1 The judicial hierarchy
274(12)
8.1.1 The Lord Chancellor
275(3)
8.1.2 Justices of the Supreme Court
278(1)
8.1.3 Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales
279(1)
8.1.4 Master of the Rolls
279(1)
8.1.5 Heads of Division
279(1)
8.1.6 Judges in the Court of Appeal
279(1)
8.1.7 Lords Justices of Appeal
280(1)
8.1.8 High Court judges
280(1)
8.1.9 High Court Masters and Registrars
280(1)
8.1.10 Circuit judges
280(1)
8.1.11 Recorders
281(1)
8.1.12 District judges
281(1)
8.1.13 District Judges (Magistrates' Courts)
282(1)
8.1.14 Magistrates--Justices of the Peace (JPs)
282(3)
8.1.15 Coroners
285(1)
8.2 Appointment of the judiciary
286(11)
8.2.1 The Peach Report
286(4)
8.2.2 Diversity in judicial appointments
290(6)
8.2.3 Alternative methods of appointment
296(1)
8.3 Removal and retirement
297(1)
8.4 Judicial independence
298(3)
8.5 Governance of the judiciary
301(9)
8.8.1 Training the judiciary
302(1)
8.5.2 Judicial conduct
303(7)
9 The legal profession
9.1 The legal profession
310(1)
9.2 Solicitors
310(11)
9.2.1 The work of solicitors
312(1)
9.2.2 Representation in court
313(1)
9.2.3 Sole practitioners and partnerships
314(1)
9.2.4 Qualification
315(3)
9.2.5 The composition of the solicitors' profession
318(1)
9.2.6 The Law Society and the SRA
318(1)
9.2.7 Complaints about solicitors
319(1)
9.2.8 SRA Code of Conduct
319(1)
9.2.9 Liability of solicitors
320(1)
9.3 Barristers
321(9)
9.3.1 `Cab rank' rule
322(1)
9.3.2 Barristers' direct access to clients
322(1)
9.3.3 Restrictions on partnerships
322(1)
9.3.4 Qualification
323(2)
9.3.5 The Inns of Court
325(1)
9.3.6 Deferral of call
326(1)
9.3.7 Queen's Counsel (QCs)
326(1)
9.3.8 The composition of the barristers' profession
327(1)
9.3.9 The Bar Council
327(1)
9.3.10 Complaints about barristers
328(1)
9.3.11 Barristers' professional Code of Conduct
328(1)
9.3.12 Liability of barristers
328(2)
9.4 Regulation of the professions and reform: the Clementi Review
330(3)
9.4.1 The Legal Services Board
331(1)
9.4.2 The Office for Legal Complaints
331(1)
9.4.3 Alternative business structures (ABS)
332(1)
9.5 Should the professions of barrister and solicitor be amalgamated?
333(1)
9.6 Chartered Legal Executives
334(1)
9.7 Licensed conveyancers
335(1)
9.8 Paralegals
335(7)
10 The jury
10.1 The role of the jury
342(11)
10.1.1 The jury's function in criminal trials
342(2)
10.1.2 Jury equity
344(1)
10.1.3 Appeals against decisions of the jury and the `confidentiality' principle
345(7)
10.1.4 Majority verdicts
352(1)
10.1.5 The jury's function in civil trials
352(1)
10.2 The selection of the jury
353(9)
10.2.1 Liability to serve
353(1)
10.2.2 Ineligibility
353(7)
10.2.3 Disqualifications
360(1)
10.2.4 Excusal
361(1)
10.2.5 The process of selection
361(1)
10.3 Challenges to jury membership
362(4)
10.3.1 Challenge `for cause'
362(2)
10.3.2 Challenge by the prosecution
364(1)
10.3.3 Abolition of the defence `peremptory challenge'
365(1)
10.3.4 Challenge to the array
366(1)
10.4 Jury vetting
366(1)
10.4.1 Police vetting
366(1)
10.4.2 Further vetting in `exceptional cases'
366(1)
10.5 The ethnic composition of the jury
367(3)
10.5.1 Objections in principle
368(1)
10.5.2 Objections in practice
369(1)
10.6 Jury intimidation or `tampering'
370(7)
10.6.1 Juries in England and Wales
370(5)
10.6.2 Criminal juries in Northern Ireland
375(2)
10.7 Juries in serious fraud trials
377(1)
10.8 Jury waiver
378(2)
10.9 Jurors, social media, and the internet
380(3)
10.10 Advantages of jury trials
383(1)
10.10.1 Public participation
383(1)
10.10.2 Juries are the best judges of facts
383(1)
10.10.3 Clear separation of responsibility
384(1)
10.10.4 Encourages openness and intelligibility
384(1)
10.11 Disadvantages
384(14)
10.11.1 Cost and time
384(1)
10.11.2 Risk of perverse verdicts
385(3)
10.11.3 Racist jurors in criminal trials
388(1)
10.11.4 Compulsory jury service
388(1)
10.11.5 Distress caused to jury members
389(1)
10.11.6 Lacking skill?
389(9)
11 Access to justice
11.1 Legal Aid Agency
398(1)
11.2 Civil Legal Advice Service
398(8)
11.2.1 Availability of funding
399(3)
11.2.2 Community legal service partnerships
402(1)
11.2.3 Citizens' Advice Bureaux
402(1)
11.2.4 Law centres
402(1)
11.2.5 Student law clinics
403(1)
11.2.6 Pro bono schemes
403(1)
11.2.7 Conditional fee agreements
403(3)
11.2.8 Before the event insurance (BTE)
406(1)
11.3 Criminal legal aid
406(2)
11.3.1 Direct funding
406(2)
11.3.2 Public defenders
408(1)
11.4 Recent history of legal aid reform
408(12)
12 The criminal process: the suspect and the police
12.1 The structure and organisation of the police
420(3)
12.1.1 Police and Crime Commissioners
422(1)
12.1.2 The Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC)
422(1)
12.2 PACE and the Codes of Practice
423(2)
12.3 Police powers to search, seize property, and make arrests
425(12)
12.3.1 Powers to stop and search and seize articles
425(6)
12.3.2 Powers to make arrests
431(4)
12.3.3 Power to enter and search premises and seize articles
435(1)
12.3.4 Power to search a person following arrest
435(1)
12.3.5 Policing protestors
436(1)
12.4 The suspect at the police station
437(13)
12.4.1 Arrival at the police station
437(3)
12.4.2 Detention conditions and care and treatment of detainees
440(1)
12.4.3 The police station interview
440(2)
12.4.4 Confessions made by the accused
442(3)
12.4.5 The accused's silence at the police station
445(2)
12.4.6 Review and extension of detention
447(1)
12.4.7 Photographs, fingerprints, and samples
448(2)
12.5 Charging a detainee and the decision to prosecute
450(9)
12.5.1 After charge
452(7)
13 The criminal process: pre-trial and trial
13.1 The criminal courts of trial and the classification of offences
459(2)
13.2 Instituting criminal proceedings
461(3)
13.2.1 The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS)
461(1)
13.2.2 Commencing criminal proceedings
462(1)
13.2.3 Written charge and requisition
462(1)
13.2.4 Information and summons
463(1)
13.2.5 Time limits
463(1)
13.2.6 Fixed penalty notices for road traffic offences and penalty notices for disorder
463(1)
13.3 Reviews of criminal justice
464(1)
13.4 The Criminal Procedure Rules 2015
465(1)
13.5 First hearings in the magistrates' court
466(1)
13.6 First hearings: summary only offences
466(1)
13.7 First hearings: either way offences
467(4)
13.7.1 Plea before venue
467(1)
13.7.2 Allocation procedure
467(3)
13.7.3 Abolition of committal proceedings
470(1)
13.8 First hearings: indictable only offences
471(1)
13.9 Plea and Trial Preparation Hearings in the Crown Court
471(1)
13.10 Indictments
472(2)
13.11 Plea bargaining
474(1)
13.12 Bail
475(3)
13.12.1 Remand in custody
476(1)
13.12.2 Remand on bail
476(2)
13.13 Pre-trial issues: disclosure
478(2)
13.13.1 Section 9 of the Criminal Justice Act 1967
479(1)
13.13.2 Unused material
479(1)
13.14 Trial on indictment
480(5)
13.14.1 The case for the prosecution
481(2)
13.14.2 Defence submissions of no case to answer
483(1)
13.14.3 The case for the defence
484(1)
13.14.4 Closing speeches by prosecution and defence advocates
484(1)
13.14.5 The trial judge's summing up
484(1)
13.15 Summary trial
485(1)
13.16 Evidential issues
485(6)
13.16.1 Burden and standard of proof
486(1)
13.16.2 Bad character
487(2)
13.16.3 Good character
489(1)
13.16.4 Silence: failure of the defendant to testify
490(1)
13.17 Verdicts
491(8)
13.17.1 Trial on indictment
491(1)
13.17.2 Summary trial
492(1)
13.17.3 Retrials
492(7)
14 Sentencing
14.1 Statutory provisions governing the sentencing of offenders
499(1)
14.2 The purposes of sentencing
500(2)
14.3 Maximum sentences
502(1)
14.4 Determining the appropriate sentence
503(3)
14.4.1 Sentencing guidelines
504(1)
14.4.2 Offence seriousness; aggravating and mitigating factors
505(1)
14.4.3 Pre-sentence reports
506(1)
14.5 Newton hearings
506(1)
14.6 Offences taken into consideration
507(1)
14.7 Types of sentence
507(9)
14.7.1 Absolute and conditional discharges
507(1)
14.7.2 Fines
508(1)
14.7.3 Community orders
508(1)
14.7.4 Custodial sentences
509(6)
14.7.5 Other sentences and orders upon sentence
515(1)
14.7.6 Costs and surcharges
515(1)
14.8 Sentencing children and young people
516(10)
14.8.1 Aims of youth sentencing
516(1)
14.8.2 Absolute and conditional discharges
517(1)
14.8.3 Fines
517(1)
14.8.4 Referral orders
517(1)
14.8.5 Youth rehabilitation orders
518(1)
14.8.6 Custodial sentences
519(7)
15 The civil process
15.1 The nature of civil proceedings
526(1)
15.2 Pre-civil justice reform
527(1)
15.3 The Woolf reforms
528(6)
15.3.1 The Civil Procedure Rules
529(2)
15.3.2 The overriding objective and the court's duty to manage cases
531(1)
15.3.3 Proportionate cost
532(2)
15.3.4 The Jackson Review
534(1)
15.4 The civil courts
534(3)
15.4.1 The County Court
534(2)
15.4.2 The High Court
536(1)
15.5 Case management powers
537(3)
15.6 Commencing civil proceedings
540(5)
15.6.1 Preliminary matters
540(2)
15.6.2 Pre-action protocols
542(2)
15.6.3 Claim forms
544(1)
15.7 Responding to particulars of claim, acknowledgement of service, admissions, and default judgments
545(3)
15.7.1 Filing a defence or a reply
545(1)
15.7.2 Filing an acknowledgement of service
546(1)
15.7.3 Default judgments
546(1)
15.7.4 Formal admissions
547(1)
15.7.5 Stay of proceedings
547(1)
15.8 Allocation and case management tracks
548(7)
15.8.1 The small claims track
550(2)
15.8.2 The fast track
552(2)
15.8.3 The multi-track
554(1)
15.9 The disclosure and inspection of documents
555(2)
15.9.1 Without prejudice communications
556(1)
15.10 Part 36 offers
557(1)
15.11 Qualified one-way costs shifting
558(1)
15.12 Applying for court orders
559(1)
15.13 Summary judgment
560(1)
15.14 Civil trial
561(2)
15.14.1 Burden and standard of proof in civil proceedings
562(1)
15.15 Evidence in civil proceedings
563(4)
15.15.1 Exclusionary discretion
564(1)
15.15.2 The evidence of witnesses in civil proceedings
564(1)
15.15.3 Witness summonses and the competence and compellability of witnesses
565(1)
15.15.4 Expert evidence in civil proceedings
566(1)
15.16 Costs
567(1)
15.16.1 Costs-only proceedings
568(1)
15.17 Enforcement of judgments and orders
568(8)
16 Criminal and civil appeals
16.1 Criminal appeals
576(15)
16.1.1 Appeals from magistrates' courts
576(1)
16.1.2 Appeals to the Crown Court from magistrates' courts
576(2)
16.1.3 Appeals by way of case stated from magistrates' courts to the High Court
578(1)
16.1.4 Applications for judicial review of decisions made by magistrates' courts
579(1)
16.1.5 Bail: appeals from magistrates' courts
579(1)
16.1.6 Appeals from the Crown Court
579(7)
16.1.7 Miscarriages of justice and the CCRC
586(3)
16.1.8 Bail: appeals from the Crown Court
589(1)
16.1.9 Attorney General's references
589(1)
16.1.10 Appeals by way of case slated from Crown Court decisions
590(1)
16.1.11 Applications for judicial review of decisions of the Crown Court
590(1)
16.1.12 Appeals to the Supreme Court
590(1)
16.2 Civil appeals
591(9)
16.2.1 Permission to appeal
591(1)
16.2.2 The nature and consequences of a civil appeal
592(1)
16.2.3 Avenues of appeal
592(1)
16.2.4 Composition of the Court of Appeal (Civil Division)
593(1)
16.2.5 Leapfrog appeals in civil courts
593(1)
16.2.6 `Second appeals' to the Court of Appeal and appeals to the Supreme Court
594(6)
17 Tribunals
17.1 Background
600(1)
17.2 What is a tribunal?
601(1)
17.3 The organisation of tribunals: the Tribunals Service
602(4)
17.3.1 Problems with the old tribunal system
602(1)
17.3.2 The First-tier and Upper Tribunals
603(3)
17.4 Membership of tribunals
606(2)
17.5 Appointment of tribunal judges and lay members
608(1)
17.6 Access to the employment tribunal system: the Unison case
608(3)
17.7 Supervising the tribunal system
611(1)
17.8 Legalism in tribunals
612(6)
18 Alternative dispute resolution
18.1 Arbitration
618(1)
18.1.1 Commercial arbitration---general principles
618(1)
18.1.2 Arbitrators
618(1)
18.1.3 Appeals and judicial review
618(1)
18.2 Mediation
619(16)
18.2.1 The scope of mediation
619(4)
18.2.2 The `cost consequences' of a failure to mediate
623(9)
18.2.3 The importance of the voluntary nature of mediation
632(3)
18.3 Other forms of ADR
635(3)
18.3.1 Adjudication
635(1)
18.3.2 Conciliation
635(1)
18.3.3 Med-arb
636(1)
18.3.4 Early neutral evaluation/expert determination
637(1)
18.3.5 Industry codes of conduct
637(1)
18.4 Court's powers to `stay' litigation
638(1)
18.5 Problems with court hearings
639(1)
18.5.1 High cost
639(1)
18.5.2 Adversarial procedure
639(1)
18.5.3 Inaccessible
640(1)
18.5.4 Inflexible
640(1)
18.5.5 Publicity
640(1)
18.5.6 Imposed solutions
640(1)
18.6 Advantages of ADR
640(3)
18.6.1 Low cost
641(1)
18.6.2 Speed
641(1)
18.6.3 Informality
641(1)
18.6.4 Accessibility
641(1)
18.6.5 Expertise
642(1)
18.6.6 Privacy
642(1)
18.6.7 Agreed solutions (mediation)
642(1)
18.6.8 Eases pressure on the courts
642(1)
18.7 Disadvantages of ADR
643(6)
18.7.1 Non-availability of legal aid
643(1)
18.7.2 Lack of legal expertise
643(1)
18.7.3 Imbalance of power
643(1)
18.7.4 No system of precedent
643(1)
18.7.5 `Legalism' in arbitration
644(5)
Index 649
Steve Wilson is a former Principal Lecturer at Northumbria University, Newcastle.

Helen Rutherford, is a Senior Lecturer and Solicitor at Northumbria University, Newcastle.

Tony Storey, is a Senior Lecturer at Northumbria University, Newcastle.

Natalie Wortley is an Associate Professor of Law at Northumbria University, Newcastle.