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English Legal System 4th Revised edition [Minkštas viršelis]

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(Former Principal Lecturer, Northumbria University, Newcastle), (Associate Professor, Northumbria University, Newcastle), (Senior Lecturer, Northumbria University, Newcastle), (Senior Lecturer, Northumbria University, Newcastle), (Seni)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 752 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 245x190x30 mm, weight: 1444 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 29-May-2020
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198853807
  • ISBN-13: 9780198853800
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
English Legal System 4th Revised editionDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 752 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 245x190x30 mm, weight: 1444 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 29-May-2020
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198853807
  • ISBN-13: 9780198853800
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9780198853800.html
Raktažodžiai:
How does the English legal system work? How does it affect everyday life? How well does it achieve its aims?

Addressing these questions and more, English Legal System provides students with the fundamental knowledge they need to approach the subject with confidence. Packed with questions, case studies and examples, this book takes students on a journey, inviting them to read, understand, see the law in practice, and then think for themselves.

The strongest foundation for students at the start of their study of law; this is a clear, complete, and contextualized account of the English legal system and an essential guide.

Digital formats and resources

The fourth edition is supported by online resources and is available for students or institutions to purchase in a variety of digital formats. - The ebook is enhanced with embedded self-assessment activities, and multi-media content including video clips from a range of sources, to offer a fully immersive experience and extra learning support. www.oxfordtextbooks.co.uk/ebooks - These study tools that enhance the ebook, along with web links to guide further reading, and a guide to reading cases, are available as stand-alone resources for use alongside the print book. Lecturers can access the diagrams from the book for use in their teaching.
Table of cases
xxx
Table of legislation
xli
Table of European legislation
l
Table of statutory instruments
liii
1 Studying the English legal system
1.1 Studying law in higher education
4(1)
1.2 Advice on studying the English legal system
5(3)
1.2.1 Aims and outcomes
6(1)
1.2.2 Syllabus
6(1)
1.2.3 Reading
6(2)
1.3 Lectures
8(2)
1.3.1 Note taking
9(1)
1.3.2 After the lecture
10(1)
1.4 Preparing for seminars
10(3)
1.5 Assessment
13(7)
1.5.1 Assessment criteria
13(1)
1.5.2 Written assignments
13(4)
1.5.3 Writing an assignment
17(2)
1.5.4 Referencing
19(1)
1.5.5 Finally ...
20(1)
1.5.6 What to do after the return of your assignment
20(1)
1.6 Advice on oral presentations
20(1)
1.7 Examinations
21(7)
1.7.1 Preparing for examinations
22(1)
1.7.2 The examination
23(1)
1.7.3 Post-examination
24(4)
2 An overview of the English legal system
2.1 What is law?
28(7)
2.1.1 Recognised as being law
30(2)
2.1.2 Jurisdiction
32(1)
2.1.3 The commencement of Acts of Parliament
32(1)
2.1.4 Criminal offences and civil wrongs
33(2)
2.2 Common law and equity
35(4)
2.2.1 Common law
35(1)
2.2.2 Common law as case law
36(1)
2.2.3 Equity
37(2)
2.3 Parliament or legislative supremacy
39(7)
2.3.1 Relationship between the law of the UK and the law of the European Union (EU)
43(1)
2.3.2 Relationship between the law of the UK and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
44(2)
2.4 Criminal law and civil law-terminology, differences, and themes
46(2)
2.4.1 Criminal
46(1)
2.4.2 Civil
47(1)
2.5 Classification of the courts
48(15)
2.5.1 Overview of the composition and jurisdiction of the courts
49(1)
2.5.2 Magistrates' courts
49(2)
2.5.3 Crown Court
51(1)
2.5.4 County Court
52(1)
2.5.5 Family Court
53(1)
2.5.6 High Court
54(2)
2.5.7 Court of Appeal
56(1)
2.5.8 Supreme Court
57(4)
2.5.9 Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
61(1)
2.5.10 Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)
61(1)
2.5.11 European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)
62(1)
2.6 Legal personnel and bodies
63(10)
2.6.1 The Ministry of Justice
63(1)
2.6.2 Lord Chancellor
63(1)
2.6.3 The Lord Chief Justice
64(1)
2.6.4 The Attorney General
64(1)
2.6.5 The Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) and the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS)
65(1)
2.6.6 Legal Aid Agency
65(1)
2.6.7 The Law Commission
66(1)
2.6.8 Lawyers
66(7)
3 Legislation and the law-making process
3.1 Parliament
73(10)
3.1.1 The nature and functions of Parliament
73(1)
3.1.2 The House of Commons
74(3)
3.1.3 The House of Lords
77(4)
3.1.4 Reform of the House of Lords
81(2)
3.2 Primary legislation
83(6)
3.2.1 Public, private, and hybrid legislation
84(1)
3.2.2 `Constitutional' and `ordinary' legislation?
84(1)
3.2.3 The origins of legislation
85(4)
3.3 The passage of legislation through Parliament
89(11)
3.3.1 Procedure for the passage of a public bill
90(6)
3.3.2 Carrying over bills from one parliamentary session to another
96(1)
3.3.3 The effectiveness of parliamentary scrutiny of legislation
96(2)
3.3.4 English Votes for English Laws (EVEL)
98(2)
3.4 Resolving inter-House conflicts using the Parliament Act procedure
100(3)
3.4.1 Money bills
100(1)
3.4.2 Other bills
100(3)
3.5 Secondary legislation
103(14)
3.5.1 Forms of delegated legislation
103(2)
3.5.2 Why is delegated legislation necessary?
105(2)
3.5.3 Possible dangers inherent in secondary legislation
107(1)
3.5.4 Control over delegated legislation
108(9)
4 The interpretation of statutes
4.1 Problems of language
117(2)
4.2 Preliminary issues
119(2)
4.3 The approach to statutory interpretation
121(14)
4.3.1 The literal rule
121(1)
4.3.2 The golden rule
122(1)
4.3.3 The mischief rule
123(2)
4.3.4 Application of the literal, golden, and mischief rules
125(1)
4.3.5 The unified contextual approach
126(6)
4.3.6 The rules of statutory interpretation in action
132(3)
4.4 Aids to construction
135(14)
4.4.1 Aids to construction found within an Act of Parliament
136(7)
4.4.2 Aids to construction found outside an Act of Parliament
143(6)
4.5 Rules of language
149(2)
4.5.1 Expressio unius est exclusio alterius rule
149(1)
4.5.2 Ejusdem generis rule
150(1)
4.5.3 Noscitur a sociis rule
150(1)
4.6 Presumptions of statutory intent
151(3)
4.6.1 Presumptions of general application
151(1)
4.6.2 Presumptions of legislative intent in cases of doubt or ambiguity
152(2)
4.7 Interpretation of legislation and the EU
154(3)
4.8 Interpretation of legislation and the Human Rights Act 1998
157(9)
5 The doctrine of judicial precedent
5.1 Judicial precedent and law reporting
166(1)
5.2 Nature of judge-made law
167(3)
5.3 Ratio decidendi
170(8)
5.3.1 Identification of the ratio decidendi of a case
171(1)
5.3.2 Cases on the interpretation of statutes
172(2)
5.3.3 Looking to later cases in determining the ratio decidendi of a case
174(1)
5.3.4 Finding the ratio decidendi--an illustration
175(2)
5.3.5 More than one ratio
177(1)
5.3.6 The ratio decidendi of appellate courts
178(1)
5.4 Obiter dicta
178(1)
5.5 Nature of stare decisis
179(21)
5.5.1 The Court of Justice of the European Union (EU)
179(2)
5.5.2 The Supreme Court (formerly the House of Lords)
181(6)
5.5.3 Court of Appeal
187(7)
5.5.4 High Court-Divisional Courts and at first instance
194(3)
5.5.5 The Crown Court
197(1)
5.5.6 The County Court and magistrates' courts
197(1)
5.5.7 Family Court
197(1)
5.5.8 Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
198(1)
5.5.9 Judicial precedent, the Human Rights Act 1998, and the European Court of Human Rights
199(1)
5.6 Methods of avoiding precedents
200(3)
5.6.1 Overruling
200(1)
5.6.2 Reversing
201(1)
5.6.3 Distinguishing
202(1)
5.7 Nature of the rules of judicial precedent
203(1)
5.8 Case analysis
203(8)
6 The law and institutions of the European Union (EU)
6.1 The history of the EU
211(4)
6.1.1 The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)
211(1)
6.1.2 The EEC
212(1)
6.1.3 Geographical enlargement and legal expansion
212(1)
6.1.4 The EU and other developments
213(1)
6.1.5 The state of the Union
213(1)
6.1.6 What next for the UK?
214(1)
6.2 The institutions of the EU
215(4)
6.2.1 European Council
215(1)
6.2.2 Council of the EU
215(1)
6.2.3 European Commission
215(1)
6.2.4 European Parliament
216(1)
6.2.5 Court of Justice of the EU
217(1)
6.2.6 General Court
218(1)
6.2.7 European Central Bank
218(1)
6.2.8 European Economic and Social Committee (EESC)
218(1)
6.2.9 Committee of the Regions (CoR)
219(1)
6.3 Sources of EU law
219(3)
6.3.1 The Treaties and the Charter
219(1)
6.3.2 Secondary legislation: an introduction
220(1)
6.3.3 Regulations
220(1)
6.3.4 Directives
220(1)
6.3.5 Decisions
221(1)
6.3.6 Recommendations and opinions
221(1)
6.3.7 Case law
222(1)
6.4 The preliminary rulings procedure
222(9)
6.4.1 Introduction
222(1)
6.4.2 Purpose
222(1)
6.4.3 Scope
223(1)
6.4.4 Who can seek a preliminary ruling?
223(1)
6.4.5 Discretionary and mandatory referral
224(1)
6.4.6 Avoiding mandatory referral
225(2)
6.4.7 Docket control
227(1)
6.4.8 Preliminary rulings on validity
228(1)
6.4.9 The urgent procedure
228(1)
6.4.10 Reform of the preliminary rulings procedure
229(2)
6.5 Supremacy of EU law
231(1)
6.6 Direct effect
232(11)
6.6.1 Introduction
232(1)
6.6.2 Direct effect and Treaty articles
233(1)
6.6.3 Direct effect and the Charter
234(1)
6.6.4 Direct effect and regulations
235(1)
6.6.5 Direct effect and directives
235(4)
6.6.6 The incidental direct effect of directives
239(1)
6.6.7 Indirect effect
240(3)
6.7 State liability
243(4)
6.7.1 Introduction
243(1)
6.7.2 The conditions for state liability
243(2)
6.7.3 What is the `state'?
245(1)
6.7.4 Limitations
246(1)
6.8 EU law in the UK post-Brexit: the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018
247(13)
6.8.1 Repeal of the European Communities Act 1972 (the ECA 1972)
247(1)
6.8.2 Saving for EU-derived domestic legislation
247(1)
6.8.3 Incorporation of `direct EU legislation'
248(1)
6.8.4 Saving for certain provisions in the Treaties--but not the Charter?
248(1)
6.8.5 Supremacy of EU law post-Brexit
249(1)
6.8.6 Interpretation of `retained EU Law'
249(1)
6.8.7 The end of state liability
250(1)
6.8.8 Dealing with deficiencies arising from withdrawal
250(10)
7 Human rights in the United Kingdom
7.1 The ECHR and the incorporation of Convention rights into UK law
260(6)
7.1.1 The Human Rights Act 1998 and incorporation of Convention rights into UK law
261(3)
7.1.2 Derogation from Convention rights
264(1)
7.1.3 Parliamentary sovereignty and the ECHR
265(1)
7.2 Interpretation of legislation under section 3
266(4)
7.3 Declaration of incompatibility
270(4)
7.4 Statements of compatibility in Parliament
274(1)
7.5 Remedying incompatibility
275(1)
7.5.1 Incompatible primary legislation
275(1)
7.5.2 Incompatible subordinate legislation
276(1)
7.6 The UK courts and the European Court of Human Rights
276(3)
7.7 Unlawful for a public authority to act incompatibly with Convention rights
279(16)
7.7.1 Vertical and horizontal rights
280(1)
7.7.2 Meaning of public authority
281(2)
7.7.3 A case study: determining what is a public authority
283(4)
7.7.4 Enforcement of Convention rights
287(1)
7.7.5 Remedies
287(8)
8 The judiciary
8.1 The Judicial hierarchy
295(13)
8.1.1 The Lord Chancellor
296(3)
8.1.2 Justices of the Supreme Court
299(1)
8.1.3 Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales
300(1)
8.1.4 Master of the Rolls
300(1)
8.1.5 Heads of Division
300(1)
8.1.6 Judges in the Court of Appeal
301(1)
8.1.7 Lords Justices of Appeal
301(1)
8.1.8 High Court judges
301(1)
8.1.9 High Court Masters and Registrars
302(1)
8.1.10 Circuit judges
302(1)
8.1.11 Recorders
302(1)
8.1.12 District judges
303(1)
8.1.13 District Judges (Magistrates' Courts)
303(1)
8.1.14 Magistrates-Justices of the Peace (JPs)
304(1)
8.1.15 Coroners
305(3)
8.2 Appointment of the judiciary
308(11)
8.2.1 The Peach Report
308(4)
8.2.2 Diversity in judicial appointments
312(6)
8.2.3 Alternative methods of appointment
318(1)
8.3 Removal and retirement
319(1)
8.4 Judicial independence
320(3)
8.5 Governance of the judiciary
323(9)
8.5.1 Training the judiciary
324(1)
8.5.2 Judicial conduct
325(7)
9 The legal profession
9.1 The legal profession
332(1)
9.2 Solicitors
332(11)
9.2.1 The work of solicitors
334(1)
9.2.2 Representation in court
335(1)
9.2.3 Sole practitioners and partnerships
336(1)
9.2.4 Qualification
337(3)
9.2.5 The new qualification route for solicitors
340(1)
9.2.6 The composition of the solicitors' profession
340(1)
9.2.7 The Law Society and the SRA
341(1)
9.2.8 Complaints about solicitors
341(1)
9.2.9 SRA Standards and Regulations
342(1)
9.2.10 Liability of solicitors
342(1)
9.3 Barristers
343(9)
9.3.1 `Cab rank' rule
344(1)
9.3.2 Barristers' direct access to clients
344(1)
9.3.3 Restrictions on partnerships
345(1)
9.3.4 Qualification
345(2)
9.3.5 The Inns of Court
347(1)
9.3.6 Deferral of call
348(1)
9.3.7 Queen's Counsel (QCs)
348(1)
9.3.8 The composition of the barristers' profession
349(1)
9.3.9 The Bar Council
350(1)
9.3.10 Complaints about barristers
350(1)
9.3.11 Barristers' professional Code of Conduct
350(1)
9.3.12 Liability of barristers
351(1)
9.4 Regulation of the professions and reform: the dementi Review
352(4)
9.4.1 The Legal Services Board
353(1)
9.4.2 The Office for Legal Complaints
354(1)
9.4.3 Alternative business structures (ABS)
354(2)
9.5 Should the professions of barrister and solicitor be amalgamated?
356(1)
9.6 Other legal professionals
357(7)
9.6.1 Chartered Legal Executives
357(1)
9.6.2 Licensed conveyancers
357(1)
9.6.3 Paralegals
357(7)
10 The jury
10.1 The role of the jury
364(11)
10.1.1 The jury's function in criminal trials
364(2)
10.1.2 Jury equity
366(2)
10.1.3 Appeals against decisions of the jury and the `confidentiality' principle
368(6)
10.1.4 Majority verdicts
374(1)
10.1.5 The jury's function in civil trials
375(1)
10.2 The selection of the jury
375(10)
10.2.1 Liability to serve
375(1)
10.2.2 Ineligibility
376(7)
10.2.3 Disqualifications
383(1)
10.2.4 Excusal
383(1)
10.2.5 The process of selection
384(1)
10.3 Challenges to jury membership
385(4)
10.3.1 Challenge `for cause'
385(2)
10.3.2 Challenge by the prosecution
387(1)
10.3.3 Abolition of the defence `peremptory challenge'
388(1)
10.3.4 Challenge to the array
389(1)
10.4 Jury vetting
389(1)
10.4.1 Police vetting
389(1)
10.4.2 Further vetting in `exceptional cases'
389(1)
10.5 The ethnic composition of the jury
390(2)
10.5.1 Objections in principle
391(1)
10.5.2 Objections in practice
391(1)
10.6 Jury intimidation or `tampering'
392(7)
10.6.1 Juries in England and Wales
392(6)
10.6.2 Criminal juries in Northern Ireland
398(1)
10.7 Juries in serious fraud trials
399(2)
10.7.1 Exclusion of juries from series fraud trials: summary of the arguments
401(1)
10.8 Jury waiver
401(2)
10.9 Jurors, social media, and the internet
403(3)
10.9.1 Power of judge to order jurors to surrender electronic communications devices: S.15A, Juries Act 1974 (as amended)
403(1)
10.9.2 New offence of conducting research into a live case: S.20A, Juries Act 1974 (as amended)
404(1)
10.9.3 New offence of sharing information obtained during prohibited research with other jurors: S.20B, Juries Act 1974 (as amended)
405(1)
10.9.4 New offence of engaging in `prohibited conduct': S.20C, Juries Act 1974 (as amended)
405(1)
10.10 Advantages of jury trials
406(1)
10.10.1 Public participation
406(1)
10.10.2 Juries are the best judges of facts
406(1)
10.10.3 Clear separation of responsibility
407(1)
10.10.4 Encourages openness and intelligibility
407(1)
10.11 Disadvantages
407(14)
10.11.1 Cost and time
407(1)
10.11.2 Risk of perverse verdicts
408(3)
10.11.3 Racist jurors in criminal trials
411(1)
10.11.4 Compulsory jury service
411(1)
10.11.5 Distress caused to jury members
412(1)
10.11.6 Lacking skill?
412(9)
11 Access to justice
11.1 Legal Aid Agency
421(1)
11.2 Civil Legal Advice Service
422(7)
11.2.1 Availability of funding
422(3)
11.2.2 Community legal service partnerships
425(1)
11.2.3 Citizens Advice Bureaux
425(1)
11.2.4 Law centres
426(1)
11.2.5 Student law clinics
426(1)
11.2.6 Pro bono schemes
426(1)
11.2.7 Conditional fee agreements
427(2)
11.2.8 Before the event insurance (BTE)
429(1)
11.3 Criminal legal aid
429(3)
11.3.1 Direct funding
429(2)
11.3.2 Public Defender Service
431(1)
11.4 Recent history of legal aid reform
432(12)
12 The criminal process: the suspect and the police
12.1 The structure and organisation of the police
444(3)
12.1.1 Police and Crime Commissioners
446(1)
12.1.2 The Independent Office of Police Conduct (IOPC)
446(1)
12.2 PACE and the Codes of Practice
447(3)
12.3 Police powers to search, seize property, and make arrests
450(13)
12.3.1 Powers to stop and search and seize articles
450(6)
12.3.2 Powers to make arrests
456(4)
12.3.3 Power to enter and search premises and seize articles
460(1)
12.3.4 Power to search a person following arrest
461(1)
12.3.5 Policing protestors
462(1)
12.4 The suspect at the police station
463(13)
12.4.1 Arrival at the police station
463(3)
12.4.2 Detention conditions and care and treatment of detainees
466(1)
12.4.3 The police station interview
466(2)
12.4.4 Confessions made by the accused
468(2)
12.4.5 The accused's silence at the police station
470(3)
12.4.6 Review and extension of detention
473(1)
12.4.7 Photographs, fingerprints, and samples
474(2)
12.5 Release under investigation, bail, or charge
476(11)
12.5.1 Release under investigation (RUI)
476(1)
12.5.2 Charging a detainee
477(2)
12.5.3 After charge
479(8)
13 The criminal process: pre-trial and trial
13.1 The criminal courts of trial and the classification of offences
487(2)
13.2 Instituting criminal proceedings
489(3)
13.2.1 The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS)
489(1)
13.2.2 Commencing criminal proceedings
490(1)
13.2.3 Written charge and requisition
490(1)
13.2.4 Information and summons
491(1)
13.2.5 Time limits
491(1)
13.2.6 Fixed penalty notices for road traffic offences and penalty notices for disorder
491(1)
13.3 Reform of the criminal justice system
492(2)
13.3.1 The Criminal Procedure Rules 2015
493(1)
13.4 First hearings
494(6)
13.4.1 First hearings: summary only offences
495(1)
13.4.2 First hearings: either way offences
495(1)
13.4.3 Plea before venue
495(1)
13.4.4 Allocation procedure
496(2)
13.4.5 Abolition of committal proceedings
498(1)
13.4.6 First hearings: indictable only offences
499(1)
13.4.7 First appearance in the Crown Court
499(1)
13.5 Indictments
500(2)
13.6 Plea bargaining
502(1)
13.7 Bail
503(3)
13.7.1 Remand in custody
504(1)
13.7.2 Remand on bail
504(2)
13.8 Pre-trial issues: disclosure
506(3)
13.8.1 Section 9 of the Criminal Justice Act 1967
507(1)
13.8.2 Unused material
507(2)
13.9 Trial on indictment
509(4)
13.9.1 The case for the prosecution
510(2)
13.9.2 Defence submissions of no case to answer
512(1)
13.9.3 The case for the defence
512(1)
13.9.4 Closing speeches by prosecution and defence advocates
513(1)
13.9.5 The trial judge's summing up
513(1)
13.10 Summary trial
513(1)
13.11 Evidential issues
514(5)
13.11.1 Burden and standard of proof
514(2)
13.11.2 Bad character
516(2)
13.11.3 Good character
518(1)
13.11.4 Silence: failure of the defendant to testify
518(1)
13.12 Verdicts
519(10)
13.12.1 Trial on indictment
519(1)
13.12.2 Summary trial
520(1)
13.12.3 Retrials
520(9)
14 Sentencing
14.1 Statutory provisions governing the sentencing of offenders
529(4)
14.1.1 The purposes of sentencing
530(2)
14.1.2 Maximum sentences
532(1)
14.2 Determining the appropriate sentence
533(4)
14.2.1 Sentencing guidelines
534(1)
14.2.2 Offence seriousness; aggravating and mitigating factors
535(1)
14.2.3 Pre-sentence reports
536(1)
14.2.4 Newton hearings
537(1)
14.2.5 Offences taken into consideration
537(1)
14.3 Types of sentence
537(10)
14.3.1 Absolute and conditional discharges
538(1)
14.3.2 Fines
538(1)
14.3.3 Community orders
538(1)
14.3.4 Custodial sentences
539(6)
14.3.5 Other sentences and orders upon sentence
545(1)
14.3.6 Costs and surcharges
546(1)
14.4 Sentencing children and young people
547(9)
14.4.1 Aims of youth sentencing
547(1)
14.4.2 Absolute and conditional discharges
547(1)
14.4.3 Fines
548(1)
14.4.4 Referral orders
548(1)
14.4.5 Youth rehabilitation orders
548(1)
14.4.6 Custodial sentences
549(7)
15 The civil process
15.1 The nature of civil proceedings
556(1)
15.2 Pre-civil justice reform
557(1)
15.3 The Woolf reforms
558(1)
153.1 The Civil Procedure Rules
559(5)
15.3.2 The overriding objective and the court's duty to manage cases
561(1)
15.3.3 Proportionate cost
562(2)
15.3.4 The Jackson Review
564(1)
15.4 The civil courts
564(4)
15.4.1 The County Court
565(2)
15.4.2 The High Court
567(1)
15.5 Case management powers
568(3)
15.6 Commencing civil proceedings
571(5)
15.6.1 Preliminary matters
571(2)
15.6.2 Pre-action protocols
573(2)
15.6.3 Claim forms
575(1)
15.7 Responding to particulars of claim, acknowledgement of service, admissions, and default judgments
576(3)
15.7.1 Filing a defence or a reply
576(1)
15.7.2 Filing an acknowledgement of service
577(1)
15.7.3 Default judgments
577(1)
15.7.4 Formal admissions
578(1)
15.7.5 Stay of proceedings
578(1)
15.8 Allocation and case management tracks
579(7)
15.8.1 The small claims track
581(2)
15.8.2 The fast track
583(2)
15.8.3 The multi-track
585(1)
15.9 The disclosure and inspection of documents
586(2)
15.9.1 Without prejudice communications
587(1)
15.10 Part 36 offers
588(1)
15.11 Qualified one-way costs shifting
589(1)
15.12 Applying for court orders
590(2)
15.13 Summary judgment
592(1)
15.14 Civil trial
592(3)
15.14.1 Burden and standard of proof in civil proceedings
593(2)
15.15 Evidence in civil proceedings
595(3)
15.15.1 Exclusionary discretion
595(1)
15.15.2 The evidence of witnesses in civil proceedings
595(1)
15.15.3 Witness summonses and the competence and compellability of witnesses
596(1)
15.15.4 Expert evidence in civil proceedings
597(1)
15.16 Costs
598(1)
15.16.1 Costs-only proceedings
599(1)
15.17 Enforcement of judgments and orders
599(8)
16 Alternative dispute resolution
16.1 Arbitration
607(1)
16.1.1 Commercial arbitration-general principles
607(1)
16.1.2 Arbitrators
607(1)
16.1.3 Appeals and judicial review
608(1)
16.2 Mediation
608(17)
16.2.1 The scope of mediation
609(3)
16.2.2 The `cost consequences' of a failure to mediate
612(9)
16.2.3 The importance of the voluntary nature of mediation
621(4)
16.3 Other forms of ADR
625(3)
16.3.1 Adjudication
625(1)
16.3.2 Conciliation
625(1)
16.3.3 Med-arb
626(1)
16.3.4 Early neutral evaluation/expert determination
627(1)
16.3.5 Industry codes of conduct
627(1)
16.4 Court's powers to `stay' litigation
628(1)
16.5 Problems with court hearings
629(1)
16.5.1 High cost
629(1)
16.5.2 Adversarial procedure
629(1)
16.5.3 Inaccessible
630(1)
16.5.4 Inflexible
630(1)
16.5.5 Publicity
630(1)
16.5.6 Imposed solutions
630(1)
16.6 Advantages of ADR
630(3)
16.6.1 Low cost
631(1)
16.6.2 Speed
631(1)
16.6.3 Informality
631(1)
16.6.4 Accessibility
631(1)
16.6.5 Expertise
632(1)
16.6.6 Privacy
632(1)
16.6.7 Agreed solutions (mediation)
632(1)
16.6.8 Eases pressure on the courts
632(1)
16.7 Disadvantages of ADR
633(7)
16.7.1 Non-availability of legal aid
633(1)
16.7.2 Lack of legal expertise
633(1)
16.7.3 Imbalance of power
633(1)
16.7.4 No system of precedent
633(1)
16.7.5 `Legalism' in arbitration
634(6)
17 Tribunals
17.1 Background
640(1)
17.2 What is a tribunal?
641(1)
17.3 The organisation of tribunals: the Tribunals Service
642(4)
17.3.1 Problems with the old tribunal system
642(1)
17.3.2 The First-tier and Upper Tribunals
643(3)
17.4 Membership of tribunals
646(2)
17.5 Appointment of tribunal judges and lay members
648(1)
17.6 Access to the employment tribunal system: the Unison case
648(4)
17.7 Supervising the tribunal system
652(1)
17.8 Legalism in tribunals
653(6)
18 Criminal and civil appeals
18.1 Criminal appeals
659(15)
18.1.1 Appeals from magistrates' courts
659(1)
18.1.2 Appeals to the Crown Court from magistrates' courts
659(2)
18.1.3 Appeals byway of case stated from magistrates' courts to the High Court
661(1)
18.1.4 Applications for judicial review of decisions made by magistrates' courts
662(1)
18.1.5 Bail: appeals from magistrates' courts
662(1)
18.1.6 Appeals from the Crown Court
662(7)
18.1.7 Miscarriages of justice and the CCRC
669(3)
18.1.8 Bail: appeals from the Crown Court
672(1)
18.1.9 Attorney General's references
672(1)
18.1.10 Appeals by way of case stated from Crown Court decisions
673(1)
18.1.11 Applications for judicial review of decisions of the Crown Court
673(1)
18.1.12 Appeals to the Supreme Court
673(1)
18.2 Civil appeals
674(9)
18.2.1 Permission to appeal
675(1)
18.2.2 The nature and consequences of a civil appeal
675(1)
18.2.3 Avenues of appeal
676(1)
18.2.4 Composition of the Court of Appeal (Civil Division)
676(1)
18.2.5 Leapfrog appeals in civil courts
676(1)
18.2.6 `Second appeals' to the Court of Appeal and appeals to the Supreme Court
677(6)
Index 683
Steve Wilson is a Former Principal Lecturer at Northumbria University, Newcastle.

Helen Rutherford is a Senior Lecturer at Northumbria University, Newcastle.

Tony Storey is a Senior Lecturer at Northumbria University, Newcastle.

Natalie Wortley is an Associate Professor at Northumbria University, Newcastle.

Birju Kotecha is a Senior Lecturer at Northumbria University, Newcastle.