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Acknowledgements |
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xvii | |
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xix | |
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1 | (16) |
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1.1 The English Phrasal Verb |
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1 | (7) |
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1.2 Purpose and Framework |
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8 | (5) |
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1.3 The Importance of Phrasal Verbs 1650-Present |
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13 | (4) |
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17 | (29) |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (9) |
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2.2.1 ARCHER: A Representative Corpus of Historical English Registers |
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17 | (5) |
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2.2.2 The Old Bailey Corpus |
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22 | (2) |
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2.2.3 The International Corpus of English, Great Britain |
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24 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Further Sources of Data |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (17) |
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27 | (3) |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (2) |
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2.3.5 Scientific and Medical Discourse |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (3) |
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2.3.8 A Reclassification Proposal for the Genres in ARCHER and the OBC |
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41 | (2) |
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43 | (3) |
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3 Delimiting the Scope of the Study: What Are Phrasal Verbs? |
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46 | (61) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (27) |
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3.3.1 Morphological Characterisation |
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48 | (7) |
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3.3.2 The Semantics of Particles |
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55 | (19) |
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74 | (1) |
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3.4 Phrasal Verbs as a Unit |
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75 | (29) |
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3.4.1 Semantic Types of Phrasal Verbs |
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76 | (8) |
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3.4.2 Syntactic Characteristics: Tests of `Phrasal-Verbness' |
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84 | (19) |
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103 | (1) |
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3.5 Summary and Conclusions |
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104 | (3) |
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4 The Relationship between Phrasal Verbs and the Processes of Grammaticalisation, Lexicalisation, and Idiomatisation |
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107 | (46) |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (4) |
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111 | (4) |
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115 | (2) |
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4.5 Views on the Effect of Grammaticalisation, Lexicalisation, and Idiomatisation on Phrasal Verbs |
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117 | (22) |
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4.5.1 Phrasal Verb Particles as Grammaticalised Items |
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118 | (2) |
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4.5.2 Phrasal Verbs as the Result of Lexicalisation |
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120 | (3) |
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4.5.3 Phrasal Verbs as Idiomatised Units |
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123 | (16) |
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4.6 Proposed Model for the Relationship between Phrasal Verbs and Grammaticalisation, Lexicalisation, and Idiomatisation |
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139 | (12) |
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4.6.1 Graded Categorisation: Gradience and Gradualness |
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139 | (3) |
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4.6.2 Phrasal Verbs as a Gradable Category |
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142 | (9) |
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151 | (2) |
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5 Phrasal Verbs 1650--1990: Linguistic Aspects |
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153 | (62) |
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153 | (1) |
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5.2 Phrasal Verbs in Late Modern English and Twentieth-Century English: Linguistic Aspects |
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154 | (57) |
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5.2.1 Morphological Features and Distribution |
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155 | (26) |
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5.2.2 Semantic Characteristics |
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181 | (13) |
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194 | (11) |
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5.2.4 Nouns and Adjectives Derived from Phrasal Verbs |
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205 | (6) |
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5.3 Summary and Conclusions |
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211 | (4) |
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6 Phrasal Verbs 1650--1990: Cross-Genre Distribution |
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215 | (63) |
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215 | (3) |
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6.2 Cross-Genre Analysis of Phrasal Verbs in ARCHER and the OBC |
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218 | (53) |
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6.2.1 Phrasal Verbs in Diaries and Journals |
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223 | (12) |
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6.2.2 Phrasal Verbs in Personal Letters |
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235 | (5) |
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6.2.3 Phrasal Verbs in Drama and Fiction |
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240 | (7) |
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6.2.4 Phrasal Verbs in News |
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247 | (6) |
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6.2.5 Phrasal Verbs in Medicine and Science |
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253 | (7) |
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6.2.6 Phrasal Verbs in Sermons |
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260 | (4) |
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6.2.7 Phrasal Verbs in Trial Proceedings |
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264 | (7) |
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6.3 Discussion of Findings |
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271 | (7) |
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278 | (9) |
Appendix I List of Phrasal Verb Constructions with a Fixed Syntactic Order |
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287 | (2) |
Appendix II Raw and Normalised Frequencies of Phrasal Verb Particles in ARCHER and the OBC |
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289 | (1) |
Appendix III List of the Twenty Most Common Combinations Distributed across Genres |
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290 | (2) |
Appendix IV Raw Frequencies of Particles Distributed across Genres |
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292 | (1) |
Bibliography |
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293 | (26) |
Index |
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319 | |