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xi | |
Preface |
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xiii | |
Preface to the Second Edition |
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xv | |
Acknowledgements |
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xvi | |
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xvii | |
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1 English: The Working Tongue of the Global Village |
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1 | (12) |
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English is spoken in circles |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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Do we need a world language? |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (3) |
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9 | (4) |
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Part I History of an Island Language |
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13 | (21) |
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14 | (3) |
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Ships are sighted with English in embryo on board |
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17 | (2) |
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Christianity in the Isles |
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19 | (3) |
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22 | (5) |
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What was Old English like? |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (2) |
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30 | (4) |
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34 | (14) |
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36 | (1) |
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An influx of French words |
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37 | (3) |
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Grammatical endings disappear |
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40 | (1) |
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Geoffrey Chaucer and William Caxton |
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41 | (7) |
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4 Modern English in the Making |
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48 | (25) |
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The three `Rs' -- Renaissance, Reformation and Restoration |
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49 | (2) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (3) |
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55 | (5) |
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The King James Bible -- a milestone in the history of English |
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60 | (2) |
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62 | (3) |
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English gains a new domain -- the language of science |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (2) |
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Codification of the standard language |
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70 | (3) |
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Part II The Spread of English Around the World |
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5 English Goes to the New World |
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73 | (28) |
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English takes root in America |
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74 | (3) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (2) |
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Linguistic variety and uniformity in the United States |
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80 | (4) |
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84 | (1) |
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The frontier moves further west |
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85 | (4) |
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89 | (4) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (3) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (4) |
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101 | (27) |
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Australia -- the First Fleet |
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102 | (2) |
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Kangaroo, koala and kookaburra become English |
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104 | (3) |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (3) |
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English in Africa -- the Inner Circle |
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114 | (1) |
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English comes to South Africa |
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115 | (4) |
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English in Africa -- the Outer Circle |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (2) |
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English in Southeast Asia |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (3) |
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7 English Varieties in the British Isles |
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128 | (26) |
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129 | (3) |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (2) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (5) |
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145 | (4) |
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149 | (5) |
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8 American and British English |
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154 | (24) |
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`Divided by a common language'? |
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156 | (5) |
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Americanisms and Americanization |
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161 | (2) |
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Persistent transatlantic differences of vocabulary |
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163 | (5) |
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American and British pronunciation -- comparing GA with RP |
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168 | (3) |
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American vs. British grammar |
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171 | (3) |
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AAVE -- Black English -- Ebonics |
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174 | (4) |
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9 English, Pidgins and Creoles |
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178 | (17) |
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180 | (3) |
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183 | (2) |
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185 | (2) |
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The life cycle of a creole |
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187 | (2) |
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The Atlantic Creoles and their characteristics |
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189 | (2) |
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191 | (4) |
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Part III A Changing Language in Changing Times |
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10 The Standard Language Today |
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195 | (15) |
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Standard English -- the written language |
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197 | (4) |
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Vocabulary -- combining the North Sea and the Mediterranean |
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201 | (2) |
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A spectrum of usage -- from speech to writing |
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203 | (4) |
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Is spoken English grammatical? |
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207 | (3) |
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11 Linguistic Change in Progress: Back to the Inner Circle |
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210 | (14) |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (2) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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Is English becoming a more democratic language? |
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215 | (4) |
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Is English becoming a non-sexist language? |
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219 | (5) |
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224 | (13) |
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Is Electronic English changing the language? |
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226 | (3) |
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229 | (2) |
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231 | (4) |
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235 | (2) |
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13 English into the Future |
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237 | (46) |
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One English or many Englishes? |
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237 | (3) |
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240 | (2) |
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The globalization of English |
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242 | (5) |
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English as a lingua franca |
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247 | (4) |
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`Reports of the death of the native speaker have been exaggerated' |
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251 | (2) |
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What is happening in the heartland of English? |
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253 | (2) |
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Changing American voices: Northern Cities Shift |
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255 | (2) |
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257 | (5) |
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And where is it all going? |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (20) |
References |
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283 | (9) |
Index of People |
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292 | (2) |
Index of Topics |
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294 | (5) |
Pronunciation |
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299 | |