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El. knyga: English - One Tongue, Many Voices

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  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 21-Jun-2016
  • Leidėjas: Palgrave Macmillan
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781137160072
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 21-Jun-2016
  • Leidėjas: Palgrave Macmillan
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781137160072

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This is the fully revised and expanded second edition of English - One Tongue, Many Voices, a book by three internationally distinguished English language scholars who tell the fascinating, improbable saga of English in time and space. Chapters trace the history of the language from its obscure beginnings over 1500 years ago as a collection of dialects spoken by marauding, illiterate tribes. They show how the geographical spread of the language in its increasing diversity has made English into an international language of unprecedented range and variety. The authors examine the present state of English as a global language and the problems, pressures and uncertainties of its future, online and offline. They argue that, in spite of the amazing variety and plurality of English, it remains a single language.                   

Recenzijos

                                   

List of Figures
xi
Preface xiii
Preface to the Second Edition xv
Acknowledgements xvi
List of Abbreviations
xvii
1 English: The Working Tongue of the Global Village
1(12)
English is spoken in circles
2(1)
The Inner Circle
3(1)
The Outer Circle
4(1)
The Expanding Circle
5(1)
Do we need a world language?
5(1)
Why English?
6(3)
One or two explanations
9(4)
Part I History of an Island Language
2 The First 500 Years
13(21)
Roman Britain
14(3)
Ships are sighted with English in embryo on board
17(2)
Christianity in the Isles
19(3)
The Viking age
22(5)
What was Old English like?
27(1)
The Lord's Prayer
28(2)
Beowulf
30(4)
3 1066 and All That
34(14)
Middle English
36(1)
An influx of French words
37(3)
Grammatical endings disappear
40(1)
Geoffrey Chaucer and William Caxton
41(7)
4 Modern English in the Making
48(25)
The three `Rs' -- Renaissance, Reformation and Restoration
49(2)
English and Latin
51(1)
The Elizabethan period
52(3)
Shakespeare's language
55(5)
The King James Bible -- a milestone in the history of English
60(2)
Restoration and reaction
62(3)
English gains a new domain -- the language of science
65(1)
`Dictionary Johnson'
66(2)
The `end of history'?
68(2)
Codification of the standard language
70(3)
Part II The Spread of English Around the World
5 English Goes to the New World
73(28)
English takes root in America
74(3)
The Pilgrim Fathers
77(1)
The first Americanisms
78(2)
Linguistic variety and uniformity in the United States
80(4)
The American Revolution
84(1)
The frontier moves further west
85(4)
New Americans
89(4)
English goes to Canada
93(1)
Cartier and Canada
93(3)
Loyalists' influence
96(1)
Canadian English
97(4)
6 English Transplanted
101(27)
Australia -- the First Fleet
102(2)
Kangaroo, koala and kookaburra become English
104(3)
Australian English
107(2)
New Zealand -- Aotearoa
109(2)
New Zealand English
111(3)
English in Africa -- the Inner Circle
114(1)
English comes to South Africa
115(4)
English in Africa -- the Outer Circle
119(1)
English in South Asia
120(1)
`The jewel in the crown'
121(2)
English in Southeast Asia
123(2)
New Englishes
125(3)
7 English Varieties in the British Isles
128(26)
Received Pronunciation
129(3)
Cockney
132(2)
Estuary English
134(1)
The North
135(2)
The West Country
137(1)
Vernacular grammar
138(1)
English in Wales
139(1)
English in Scotland
140(5)
Scottish varieties
145(4)
English in Ireland
149(5)
8 American and British English
154(24)
`Divided by a common language'?
156(5)
Americanisms and Americanization
161(2)
Persistent transatlantic differences of vocabulary
163(5)
American and British pronunciation -- comparing GA with RP
168(3)
American vs. British grammar
171(3)
AAVE -- Black English -- Ebonics
174(4)
9 English, Pidgins and Creoles
178(17)
Pidgins and Creoles
180(3)
Jamaican creole
183(2)
Sranan
185(2)
The life cycle of a creole
187(2)
The Atlantic Creoles and their characteristics
189(2)
Tok Pisin
191(4)
Part III A Changing Language in Changing Times
10 The Standard Language Today
195(15)
Standard English -- the written language
197(4)
Vocabulary -- combining the North Sea and the Mediterranean
201(2)
A spectrum of usage -- from speech to writing
203(4)
Is spoken English grammatical?
207(3)
11 Linguistic Change in Progress: Back to the Inner Circle
210(14)
Grammaticalization
210(1)
Colloquialization
211(2)
Liberalization?
213(1)
Americanization
214(1)
Is English becoming a more democratic language?
215(4)
Is English becoming a non-sexist language?
219(5)
12 Electronic English
224(13)
Is Electronic English changing the language?
226(3)
Is EE a revolution?
229(2)
New kinds of text
231(4)
The future of EE
235(2)
13 English into the Future
237(46)
One English or many Englishes?
237(3)
World English
240(2)
The globalization of English
242(5)
English as a lingua franca
247(4)
`Reports of the death of the native speaker have been exaggerated'
251(2)
What is happening in the heartland of English?
253(2)
Changing American voices: Northern Cities Shift
255(2)
The English juggernaut?
257(5)
And where is it all going?
262(1)
Notes and Comments
263(20)
References 283(9)
Index of People 292(2)
Index of Topics 294(5)
Pronunciation 299
Jan Svartvik is Emeritus Professor at the University of Lund, Sweden. He is co-author of A Communicative Grammar of English (with Geoffrey Leech) and A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language (with Randolph Quirk, Sidney Greenbaum and Geoffrey Leech). He has published on other varied aspects of English linguistics, such as corpus linguistics, forensic linguistics, contrastive grammar and nautical terminology. He is a Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, The Royal Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities and Academia Europaea. Geoffrey Leech (1935-2014) was Research Professor of Linguistics at Lancaster University, UK. Author, co-author, or co-editor of some 25 books and 100 papers or articles on varied aspects of linguistics and the English language, he was a Fellow of the British Academy and a Member of Academia Europaea. He was the author of widely used introductions to Semantics and Pragmatics, co-author with Mike Short of A Linguistic Guide to English Poetry, and co-author with Margaret Deuchar and Robert Hoogenraad of English Grammar for Today: A New Introduction.  David Crystal is Honorary Professor of Linguistics at the University of Bangor. He is the author or editor of over a hundred books on aspects of linguistics and the English language, such as The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, The Stories of English, Language and the Internet, and Evolving English. He is a Fellow of the British Academy, and in 1995 was awarded an OBE for services to the English Language.