PART I: Classical political economy and the surplus approach 1. Introduction 2. Adam Smith as ecological economist 3. On the accommodation of the ecological question in the Sraffian tradition PART II: Institutional and Post-Keynesian Economics 4. Environment and ecology in home economics 5. Nature, exploitation and institutions: on the political ecology of Thorstein Veblen and Karl Polanyi 6. Some Post-Keynesian principles for an environmental macroeconomics 7. Environment, development and equity in the work of Geoff Harcourt PART III: Economic development 8. Reflections on economic development and environment 9. Celso Furtado and environmental sustainability: economic development between myth and utopia Vitor Eduardo Schincariol 10. The evolution of the ecological perspective in Latin American Structuralism 11. Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen and the management of extractive resources