Preface |
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xxvii | |
About the Authors |
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xxix | |
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Fundamentals of Environmental Law |
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Environmental Law as a System |
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1 | (3) |
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Defining the Subject Matter: What Is Environmental Law? |
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4 | (2) |
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How a Federal or State Environmental Law Is Adopted |
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5 | (1) |
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How Environmental Regulations Are Issued |
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5 | (1) |
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Laws that Establish Compliance Obligations |
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6 | (5) |
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6 | (1) |
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State Statutes and Regulations Implementing the Federal Statutes |
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6 | (1) |
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State Laws Independent of the Federal Requirements |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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Environmental Law and Judicial Decisions |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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Common Law Environmental Requirements: Torts |
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11 | (14) |
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12 | (6) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (1) |
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Strict Liability and Dangerous Substances |
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21 | (4) |
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Laws that Enforce Permits, Prohibitions, and Penalties |
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25 | (3) |
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25 | (1) |
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Enforcement Provisions of the Federal and State Environmental Statutes |
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26 | (1) |
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General Purpose Criminal Laws |
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26 | (2) |
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Laws that Define the Environmental Law Framework |
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28 | (34) |
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The Organic Laws: Constitutions and Charters |
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29 | (5) |
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34 | (9) |
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Defining the Limits of Governmental Authority |
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43 | (11) |
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Administrative Law and Procedure |
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54 | (3) |
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57 | (5) |
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Joint and Several Liability, Indemnity, and Contribution |
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62 | (2) |
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Environmental Compliance Principles |
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64 | (1) |
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Importance of Knowledge of Environmental Law |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (2) |
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Enforcement and Liability |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (3) |
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Civil vs. Criminal Enforcement |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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Statute-by-Statute Enforcement |
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71 | (1) |
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General Concepts of Enforcement and Liability |
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71 | (6) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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Civil Enforcement and Liability |
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77 | (15) |
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77 | (1) |
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Statute-Specific Principles of Liability and Defense |
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77 | (1) |
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Statutory Standard of Contact |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (4) |
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Agreed-Upon Principles of Enforcement and Defense |
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82 | (2) |
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Agency Principles and Policies |
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84 | (6) |
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Progression of a Civil Enforcement Proceeding |
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90 | (2) |
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Private Civil Enforcement by Citizen Suits |
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92 | (4) |
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Criminal Enforcement and Liability |
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96 | (16) |
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Approaches and Defenses to Criminal Liability |
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96 | (9) |
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Agency Principles and Policies |
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105 | (2) |
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Progression of an Enforcement Proceeding |
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107 | (5) |
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Avoidance and Mitigation of Environmental Enforcement and Liability |
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112 | (8) |
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Corporate Systems for Environmental Assessment |
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113 | (2) |
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Corporate Systems for Environmental Management |
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115 | (2) |
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117 | (3) |
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New Trends in Enforcement and Liability |
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120 | (8) |
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SEC Compliance and Investor Relations |
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120 | (1) |
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Financial Accounting Standards |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (2) |
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124 | (1) |
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Compliance History Scoring (Texas) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (2) |
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128 | (2) |
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Cyclical Environmental Law |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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Technology Brings Its Own Headaches |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (2) |
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Resource Conservation and Recovery Act |
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133 | (3) |
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Policy Goals and Objectives of RCRA |
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136 | (1) |
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Definition of Solid and Hazardous Waste |
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137 | (1) |
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Subtitle C: Hazardous Waste Management Program |
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138 | (38) |
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Identification of Hazardous Wastes |
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138 | (11) |
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Notification of Hazardous Waste Management Activities |
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149 | (1) |
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Generators of Hazardous Waste |
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149 | (5) |
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Transporters of Hazardous Wastes |
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154 | (2) |
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Treatment, Storage, and Disposal (TSD) Facilities |
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156 | (11) |
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167 | (5) |
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State Hazardous Waste Programs |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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Civil and Criminal Enforcement Actions |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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Enforcement and Compliance History Online |
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176 | (1) |
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State Solid Waste Programs under Subtitle D |
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176 | (1) |
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Federal Facility Compliance |
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177 | (5) |
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Waiver of Sovereign Immunity |
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177 | (1) |
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Federal Employee Protection and Exposure |
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178 | (1) |
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EPA Administrative Orders |
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179 | (1) |
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EPA Annual Inspections of Federal Facilities |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (2) |
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Other Federal Responsibilities |
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182 | (1) |
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Research, Development, Demonstration, and Information |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (2) |
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Underground Storage Tanks |
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185 | (5) |
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Objectives of the UST Program |
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187 | (3) |
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190 | (4) |
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Underground Storage Tank Systems |
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190 | (3) |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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Implementation and Enforcement |
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194 | (2) |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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Summary of Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements |
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196 | (4) |
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197 | (1) |
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Recordkeeping Requirements |
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198 | (2) |
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200 | (5) |
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Notification Requirements |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (4) |
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205 | (3) |
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Notification Requirements |
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205 | (1) |
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Upgrading of Existing UST Systems |
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206 | (1) |
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Enforcement of Upgrade Requirements |
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207 | (1) |
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General Operating Requirements |
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208 | (2) |
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Spill and Overfill Control |
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208 | (1) |
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Operation and Maintenance of Corrosion Protection Systems |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (2) |
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General Requirements and Schedule |
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211 | (1) |
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Methods of Release Detection for Tanks and Piping |
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211 | (1) |
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Specific Requirements for Petroleum USTs |
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212 | (1) |
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Specific Requirements for Hazardous Substance |
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212 | (1) |
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Release Reporting, Investigation, and Response |
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213 | (10) |
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213 | (1) |
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Reporting of Suspected Releases |
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214 | (1) |
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Release Investigation and Confirmation |
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215 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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Initial Abatement Measures |
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216 | (1) |
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Initial Site Characterization |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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Investigations for Soil and Groundwater Cleanup |
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217 | (1) |
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Reporting and Cleanup of Spills and Overfills |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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Evolving Approach to Petroleum UST Cleanups |
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219 | (3) |
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USTfields Initiative and Recycling Abandoned Gas Stations (RAGS) |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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Permanent Closure/Change-in-Service |
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223 | (1) |
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Financial Responsibility Requirements |
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224 | (3) |
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Applicability and Compliance Dates |
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224 | (1) |
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Amount and Scope of Financial Responsibility Required |
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225 | (1) |
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Allowable Financial Responsibility Mechanisms |
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225 | (1) |
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Available State UST Cleanup Funds |
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226 | (1) |
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Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (3) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (57) |
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232 | (15) |
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New Source Control Programs |
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247 | (17) |
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Specific Pollution Problems |
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264 | (14) |
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278 | (11) |
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289 | (6) |
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289 | (2) |
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291 | (1) |
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Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (2) |
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295 | (1) |
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Legislative Proposals: The CAA and Climate Change |
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295 | (2) |
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297 | (1) |
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297 | (2) |
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299 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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Clean Water Act Goals and Policies |
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300 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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The Discharge Prohibition |
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302 | (5) |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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Navigable Waters (``Waters of the United States'') |
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304 | (3) |
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307 | (27) |
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307 | (1) |
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What Discharges Require an NPDES Permit? |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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309 | (3) |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (14) |
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328 | (4) |
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Combined Sewer Overflows and Sanitary Sewer Overflows |
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332 | (1) |
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332 | (1) |
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333 | (1) |
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334 | (4) |
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335 | (1) |
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335 | (1) |
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National Categorical Standards |
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336 | (1) |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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Pretreatment Program Enforcement |
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337 | (1) |
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Nonpoint-Source Discharges |
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338 | (2) |
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338 | (1) |
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Coastal Zone Management Program |
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339 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (5) |
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Waters within the Scope of the Program |
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340 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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341 | (2) |
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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Potential Liabilities under the Section 404 Program |
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345 | (1) |
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Preventing, Reporting, and Responding to Spills |
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345 | (6) |
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345 | (4) |
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349 | (1) |
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Spill Response and Liability |
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350 | (1) |
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351 | (12) |
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351 | (1) |
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352 | (1) |
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353 | (4) |
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357 | (1) |
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357 | (1) |
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Civil Judicial Enforcement |
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358 | (2) |
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360 | (1) |
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361 | (2) |
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363 | (2) |
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365 | (3) |
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368 | (2) |
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Title I: Oil Pollution Liability and Compensation |
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370 | (5) |
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370 | (5) |
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375 | (5) |
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375 | (1) |
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Removal Costs and Spill Response |
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376 | (2) |
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378 | (2) |
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380 | (1) |
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380 | (11) |
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384 | (3) |
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Application of NRDA Regulations |
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387 | (4) |
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391 | (2) |
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392 | (1) |
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393 | (2) |
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Standard for Limiting OPA Liability |
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393 | (1) |
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Specific Liability Limits |
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394 | (1) |
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Adjustment of Liability Limits |
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395 | (1) |
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Recovery by a Foreign Claimant |
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395 | (1) |
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Recovery by a Responsible Party |
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396 | (1) |
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Contribution and Indemnification |
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396 | (1) |
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Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund |
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396 | (3) |
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397 | (1) |
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Preservation of State Funds |
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397 | (1) |
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397 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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399 | (3) |
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Designation of the Source and Advertisement |
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400 | (1) |
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400 | (2) |
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402 | (3) |
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Calculation of Financial Responsibility Amounts |
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402 | (1) |
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Methods of Demonstrating Financial Responsibility |
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402 | (1) |
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403 | (1) |
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403 | (1) |
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Financial Responsibility Regulations for Vessels |
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403 | (2) |
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Financial Responsibility for Facilities |
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405 | (1) |
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405 | (1) |
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Litigation and Jurisdiction |
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406 | (1) |
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406 | (1) |
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406 | (1) |
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Relationship to Other Laws |
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406 | (4) |
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Preservation of State Oil Spill Liability Law |
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407 | (1) |
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Preservation of Federal Laws |
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407 | (1) |
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Federal Preemption under the Locke Case |
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407 | (3) |
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Title II: Conforming Amendments |
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410 | (1) |
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Title III: International Oil Pollution Prevention and Removal |
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410 | (1) |
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Title IV: Prevention and Removal |
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411 | (1) |
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411 | (7) |
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Licensing Requirements and Drug and Alcohol Testing |
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411 | (1) |
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Foreign Tank Vessel Manning Standards |
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412 | (1) |
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412 | (1) |
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Marine Casualty Reporting |
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413 | (1) |
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Pilotage and Tug Escort Requirements |
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413 | (1) |
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Studies and Regulations (Sections 4107--4113) |
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414 | (1) |
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Double-Hull Requirements for Tank Vessels |
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415 | (3) |
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418 | (11) |
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Federal Removal Authority |
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419 | (1) |
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State and Local Removal Authority |
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420 | (1) |
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420 | (1) |
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National Planning and Response System |
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421 | (1) |
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Vessel and Facility Response Plans |
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422 | (7) |
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429 | (5) |
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430 | (3) |
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433 | (1) |
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Title VII: Research and Development Program |
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434 | (1) |
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435 | (2) |
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437 | (2) |
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439 | (1) |
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440 | (1) |
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441 | (3) |
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The Basic Scheme of Regulation |
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444 | (13) |
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449 | (1) |
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450 | (1) |
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Disinfectants and By-Products Rule |
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450 | (1) |
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Surface Water Treatment Rule |
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451 | (1) |
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Groundwater Disinfection Rule |
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452 | (1) |
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Filter Backwash Recycling Rule |
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453 | (1) |
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453 | (2) |
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455 | (1) |
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455 | (1) |
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Periodic Review of NPDWRs |
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456 | (1) |
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457 | (6) |
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Public Notice Requirements |
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457 | (1) |
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457 | (1) |
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458 | (2) |
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460 | (1) |
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461 | (1) |
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462 | (1) |
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462 | (1) |
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Alternatives to Strict Compliance |
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463 | (4) |
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463 | (1) |
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464 | (1) |
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464 | (1) |
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465 | (1) |
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466 | (1) |
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Information Collection Rule |
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467 | (1) |
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Consumer Confidence Reports |
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468 | (2) |
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470 | (1) |
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471 | (8) |
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471 | (2) |
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473 | (1) |
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473 | (1) |
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Underground Water Protection |
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474 | (2) |
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476 | (1) |
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476 | (1) |
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476 | (1) |
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Monitoring of Unregulated Contaminants |
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477 | (1) |
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478 | (1) |
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Volatile Organic Compounds |
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478 | (1) |
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479 | (1) |
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479 | (1) |
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Source Water Quality Assessment |
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479 | (2) |
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481 | (1) |
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482 | (1) |
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482 | (1) |
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483 | (1) |
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484 | (3) |
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Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act |
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487 | (3) |
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CERCLA's History and Objectives |
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487 | (2) |
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Overview of CERCLA's Provisions |
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489 | (1) |
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489 | (1) |
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490 | (1) |
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490 | (6) |
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Hazardous Substance and Pollutant or Contaminant |
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490 | (3) |
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Release or Threat of Release |
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493 | (1) |
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494 | (1) |
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495 | (1) |
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495 | (1) |
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National Contingency Plan |
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496 | (1) |
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CERCLA's Remedial Provisions |
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496 | (11) |
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496 | (1) |
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Categories of Response Actions |
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497 | (1) |
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Steps in the Remedial Process |
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498 | (9) |
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CERCLA's Liability Provisions |
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507 | (39) |
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507 | (1) |
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CERCLA's Operative Concepts |
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508 | (5) |
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513 | (1) |
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Identifying Responsible Parties |
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513 | (2) |
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Response Cost Recovery Actions |
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515 | (13) |
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CERCLA Section 106 Abatement Actions |
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528 | (1) |
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CERCLA Section 106 Administrative Orders |
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529 | (4) |
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533 | (5) |
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538 | (1) |
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Natural Resources Damages |
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539 | (4) |
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543 | (3) |
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546 | (6) |
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546 | (1) |
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546 | (1) |
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Consent Decrees and Consent Orders |
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547 | (1) |
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548 | (4) |
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Release Reporting Requirements |
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552 | (2) |
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554 | (1) |
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555 | (2) |
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557 | (2) |
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National Environmental Policy Act |
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559 | (1) |
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560 | (3) |
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561 | (1) |
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561 | (1) |
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562 | (1) |
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Requirements for Federal Agencies |
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563 | (8) |
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564 | (3) |
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Relationship to Other Federal Laws |
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|
567 | (2) |
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|
569 | (2) |
|
Strategic Approaches to NEPA Compliance |
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|
571 | (6) |
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571 | (1) |
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|
571 | (2) |
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573 | (1) |
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Integrating Long-Range Planning and NEPA |
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574 | (1) |
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575 | (1) |
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576 | (1) |
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|
577 | (12) |
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577 | (1) |
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Scoping and Early Coordination |
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|
578 | (1) |
|
Use of the EA and Applicant's Information |
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
|
580 | (3) |
|
Commenting and Public Involvement |
|
|
583 | (2) |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
Proposals for Legislation |
|
|
586 | (1) |
|
|
587 | (2) |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
NEPA's Extraterritorial Application |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
|
590 | (2) |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
|
593 | (3) |
|
CEQ Study of NEPA's Effectiveness |
|
|
596 | (2) |
|
|
598 | (2) |
|
|
600 | (5) |
|
|
601 | (1) |
|
Coordination Plan Required |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
Purpose and Need Statement |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
Environmental Review Process |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
Statute of Limitations on Challenges |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
Delegation of Categorical Exclusions |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
|
605 | (2) |
|
Toxic Substances Control Act |
|
|
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
Activities Subject to TSCA |
|
|
608 | (3) |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
611 | (6) |
|
Initial Compilation of the Inventory |
|
|
612 | (2) |
|
|
614 | (1) |
|
Maintaining and Updating the Inventory Database |
|
|
614 | (1) |
|
|
615 | (2) |
|
|
617 | (10) |
|
|
617 | (1) |
|
Exclusions from PMN Requirements |
|
|
618 | (1) |
|
Exemptions from PMN Requirements |
|
|
619 | (6) |
|
|
625 | (2) |
|
Preparing the PMN and Seeing It through EPA |
|
|
627 | (3) |
|
Manufacturer's PMN Selection Strategy |
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
Avoiding Unnecessary Regulation under TSCA § 5 |
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
EPA's Review of the PMN and Use of Checklists |
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
Regulation of New Chemicals and Uses |
|
|
630 | (8) |
|
EPA Regulation under TSCA § 5(e) |
|
|
630 | (3) |
|
EPA Regulation under TSCA § 5(f) |
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
Significant New Use Rules |
|
|
634 | (4) |
|
|
638 | (5) |
|
1986 Framework for Regulation of Biotechnology Products |
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
Guidance Documents on PMN Submissions for Biotechnology Products |
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
The EPA Biotechnology PMN Review Process |
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
The EPA's Biotechnology Policy: The Final Rule |
|
|
640 | (3) |
|
|
643 | (9) |
|
Selection of Chemicals for Testing |
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
|
644 | (2) |
|
Tests and Studies under TSCA § 4 |
|
|
646 | (2) |
|
|
648 | (1) |
|
|
649 | (1) |
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
TSCA § 4(f) Findings of Significant Risk |
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
Reporting and Retention of Information |
|
|
652 | (6) |
|
|
652 | (2) |
|
TSCA § 8(c): Records of Significant Adverse Reactions |
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
TSCA § 8(d): Health and Safety Studies |
|
|
654 | (2) |
|
TSCA § 8(e): Substantial Risk Information |
|
|
656 | (2) |
|
Existing Chemical Regulation |
|
|
658 | (6) |
|
Procedures and Standards for TSCA § 6 Regulation |
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
Chemical-Specific Regulations |
|
|
659 | (5) |
|
Relationship between TSCA and Other Laws |
|
|
664 | (2) |
|
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) |
|
|
664 | (1) |
|
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) |
|
|
664 | (1) |
|
TSCA's Relationship to Other Federal Laws |
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
TSCA Preemption of State and Local Laws |
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
TSCA Inspections and Enforcement |
|
|
666 | (14) |
|
|
666 | (3) |
|
|
669 | (8) |
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
Citizen Actions and Petitions |
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
Importation and Exportation |
|
|
680 | (5) |
|
Import Regulation: TSCA § 13 |
|
|
680 | (3) |
|
Export Regulation: TSCA § 12 |
|
|
683 | (2) |
|
|
685 | (2) |
|
|
|
Background to the Federal Regulation of Pesticides |
|
|
687 | (3) |
|
|
688 | (1) |
|
Early Efforts at Pesticide Regulations |
|
|
688 | (2) |
|
Pesticide Regulation Transferred to the Environmental Protection Agency |
|
|
690 | (1) |
|
Overview of FIFRA and Amendments |
|
|
690 | (3) |
|
Background to FIFRA and the 1972 FEPCA |
|
|
691 | (1) |
|
Subsequent FIFRA Amendments: An Overview |
|
|
692 | (1) |
|
|
693 | (10) |
|
Definition of Pesticides, Pests, and Devices |
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
Pesticide Registration Procedures |
|
|
694 | (2) |
|
|
696 | (1) |
|
Streamlining of Reregistration |
|
|
697 | (1) |
|
Registration of ``Me-Too'' Pesticides |
|
|
698 | (1) |
|
|
698 | (1) |
|
Categorical Pesticide Review |
|
|
698 | (1) |
|
|
699 | (1) |
|
Modifications and Transfers of Registrations |
|
|
699 | (1) |
|
|
699 | (2) |
|
``Featherbedding'' or ``Me-Too'' Registrants |
|
|
701 | (2) |
|
Essentiality in Registration |
|
|
703 | (1) |
|
Control over Pesticide Usage |
|
|
703 | (4) |
|
Statutory Basis for Control over Pesticide Usage through Certification |
|
|
704 | (1) |
|
Self-Certification of Private Applicators |
|
|
705 | (1) |
|
|
705 | (1) |
|
Two-House Congressional Veto over EPA Regulations |
|
|
706 | (1) |
|
Removal of Pesticides from the Market |
|
|
707 | (10) |
|
|
707 | (1) |
|
|
708 | (3) |
|
Misbranding and Stop-Sale Orders |
|
|
711 | (1) |
|
International Effect of EPA Cancellations |
|
|
711 | (1) |
|
|
712 | (1) |
|
Compensation for Canceled Pesticides |
|
|
713 | (1) |
|
|
714 | (1) |
|
Requirements of Consultation by EPA with the USDA |
|
|
714 | (1) |
|
Economic Impact on Agriculture Statement |
|
|
715 | (1) |
|
Scientific Advisory Committees |
|
|
715 | (2) |
|
Administrative and Judicial Review |
|
|
717 | (4) |
|
Scope of the Administrator's Flexibility |
|
|
717 | (1) |
|
Standing for Registration, Appeals, and Subpoenas |
|
|
718 | (2) |
|
|
720 | (1) |
|
The Role of Public Hearings |
|
|
721 | (1) |
|
Role of States and Localities |
|
|
721 | (4) |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
Federal Preemption and State Authority |
|
|
723 | (2) |
|
|
725 | (5) |
|
|
726 | (1) |
|
Labels in Theory and Practice |
|
|
727 | (1) |
|
|
728 | (1) |
|
|
729 | (1) |
|
|
730 | (1) |
|
|
731 | (2) |
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
Hogtie the EPA: 1975 Amendments to FIFRA |
|
|
732 | (1) |
|
Data Compensation Changed: 1978 Amendments to FIFRA |
|
|
732 | (1) |
|
Two-House Veto: 1980 Amendments to FIFRA |
|
|
732 | (1) |
|
FIFRA Lite: 1988 Amendments to FIFRA |
|
|
733 | (1) |
|
Minor Pesticide Uses: 1990 Amendments to FIFRA |
|
|
733 | (1) |
|
Bye-Bye Delaney: 1996 Amendments to FIFRA |
|
|
733 | (1) |
|
Fees and Timetables: 2003 PRIA Amendments to FIFRA |
|
|
733 | (1) |
|
Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 |
|
|
733 | (4) |
|
Regulatory Dilemma under the Delaney Clause |
|
|
734 | (1) |
|
|
734 | (1) |
|
|
735 | (1) |
|
|
735 | (1) |
|
|
736 | (1) |
|
|
737 | (1) |
|
Pesticide Regulation under Other Federal Statutes |
|
|
737 | (7) |
|
|
738 | (2) |
|
Clean Air Act of 1970 and Its Progeny |
|
|
740 | (1) |
|
Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 |
|
|
740 | (2) |
|
Solid Waste Disposal Acts |
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
Occupational Safety and Health Act |
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
Federal Hazardous Substances Act |
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
Federal Pesticide Monitoring Programs |
|
|
743 | (1) |
|
National Environmental Policy Act |
|
|
743 | (1) |
|
|
744 | (3) |
|
The Promise and Fear of Biotechnology |
|
|
744 | (1) |
|
The Initial Controversy over Regulating Biotechnology |
|
|
745 | (2) |
|
``Frankenfood'' Enforcement |
|
|
747 | (1) |
|
|
747 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
749 | (1) |
|
Federal Pollution Prevention Strategy |
|
|
750 | (18) |
|
|
750 | (1) |
|
EPA's Pollution Prevention Strategy |
|
|
751 | (1) |
|
EPA's Pollution Prevention Programs in the 1990s |
|
|
751 | (12) |
|
EPA's Pollution Prevention Programs after 2000 |
|
|
763 | (5) |
|
The Pollution Prevention Programs of Several States |
|
|
768 | (3) |
|
Mandatory Waste Reduction Programs |
|
|
768 | (1) |
|
Multimedia Permit Programs and Other Regulatory Innovations |
|
|
769 | (1) |
|
Voluntary Technical Assistance Programs |
|
|
770 | (1) |
|
|
771 | (1) |
|
|
771 | (2) |
|
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act |
|
|
|
|
773 | (2) |
|
Emergency Planning and Notification |
|
|
775 | (13) |
|
State Commissions, Planning Districts, and Local Committees (Section 301) |
|
|
775 | (1) |
|
Substances and Facilities Covered and Notification (Section 302) |
|
|
776 | (2) |
|
Comprehensive Emergency Response Plans (Section 303) |
|
|
778 | (2) |
|
Emergency Notification in the Event of a Release (Section 304) |
|
|
780 | (7) |
|
Emergency Training and Review of Emergency Systems (Section 305) |
|
|
787 | (1) |
|
|
788 | (22) |
|
Material Safety Data Sheet Reporting Requirements (Section 311) |
|
|
788 | (3) |
|
Hazardous Chemical Inventory Form Reporting Requirements (Section 312) |
|
|
791 | (4) |
|
Toxic Chemical Release Reporting Requirements (Section 313) |
|
|
795 | (14) |
|
Common EPCRA Compliance Errors |
|
|
809 | (1) |
|
Relationship to Other Laws (Section 321) |
|
|
810 | (1) |
|
Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 |
|
|
810 | (1) |
|
Trade Secrets (Sections 322 and 323) |
|
|
811 | (1) |
|
Public Access to Information (Section 324) |
|
|
812 | (1) |
|
Enforcement (Section 325) |
|
|
812 | (1) |
|
Emergency Planning Violations |
|
|
812 | (1) |
|
Emergency Notification Violations |
|
|
812 | (1) |
|
Section 311 Reporting Violations |
|
|
812 | (1) |
|
Section 312 and 313 Reporting Violations |
|
|
813 | (1) |
|
Section 322 and 323 Trade-Secret Violations |
|
|
813 | (1) |
|
Civil Actions (Section 326) |
|
|
813 | (4) |
|
|
813 | (3) |
|
State or Local Government Suits |
|
|
816 | (1) |
|
|
816 | (1) |
|
Federal Acquisition and Community Right to Know |
|
|
817 | (1) |
|
Internet Developments and TRI Reporting |
|
|
818 | (1) |
|
|
818 | (3) |
|
Occupational Safety and Health Act |
|
|
|
|
821 | (2) |
|
Comparison of OSHA and EPA |
|
|
822 | (1) |
|
|
822 | (1) |
|
|
823 | (4) |
|
|
823 | (1) |
|
|
824 | (1) |
|
|
825 | (1) |
|
Telecommuting and Home Workplaces |
|
|
826 | (1) |
|
|
827 | (3) |
|
Areas Covered by the OSHA Standards |
|
|
827 | (1) |
|
|
828 | (1) |
|
Overview of Health Standards |
|
|
829 | (1) |
|
Overview of Safety Standards |
|
|
829 | (1) |
|
|
830 | (9) |
|
Consensus Standards: Section 6(a) |
|
|
831 | (1) |
|
Standards Completion and Deletion Processes |
|
|
832 | (1) |
|
Permanent Standards: Section 6(b) |
|
|
832 | (3) |
|
Emergency Temporary Standards |
|
|
835 | (1) |
|
General Duty Clause, 5(a)(1) |
|
|
835 | (1) |
|
Feasibility and the Balancing Debate |
|
|
836 | (3) |
|
|
839 | (1) |
|
|
839 | (1) |
|
|
840 | (1) |
|
Compliance and Inspections |
|
|
840 | (7) |
|
|
840 | (1) |
|
|
841 | (1) |
|
Training and Competence of Inspectors |
|
|
842 | (1) |
|
Citations, Fines, and Penalties |
|
|
842 | (1) |
|
OSHA Citation and Penalty Patterns |
|
|
843 | (2) |
|
Communicating and Enforcing Company Rules |
|
|
845 | (1) |
|
Warrantless Inspections: The Barlow Case |
|
|
846 | (1) |
|
|
847 | (3) |
|
|
847 | (1) |
|
Monitoring and Medical Records |
|
|
848 | (1) |
|
|
849 | (1) |
|
|
849 | (1) |
|
|
850 | (1) |
|
Refusal to Work and Whistle-Blowing |
|
|
850 | (2) |
|
|
850 | (1) |
|
Protection of Whistle-Blowing |
|
|
850 | (2) |
|
Federal and State Employees |
|
|
852 | (1) |
|
|
852 | (1) |
|
|
853 | (1) |
|
|
853 | (2) |
|
|
853 | (1) |
|
|
854 | (1) |
|
|
855 | (1) |
|
|
855 | (1) |
|
|
856 | (1) |
|
|
856 | (1) |
|
|
857 | (2) |
|
|
858 | (1) |
|
Limitations of the Commission |
|
|
858 | (1) |
|
|
859 | (1) |
|
|
859 | (1) |
|
|
859 | (1) |
|
Hazard Communication Regulation |
|
|
860 | (5) |
|
Reason for the Regulation |
|
|
860 | (1) |
|
|
861 | (1) |
|
|
862 | (1) |
|
|
863 | (1) |
|
Federal Preemption Controversy |
|
|
864 | (1) |
|
|
865 | (3) |
|
|
866 | (1) |
|
|
866 | (1) |
|
|
867 | (1) |
|
|
868 | (1) |
|
Environmental Management Systems and Environmental Law |
|
|
|
|
869 | (3) |
|
Legal Relevance of Environmental Management Systems |
|
|
872 | (11) |
|
|
872 | (1) |
|
EMS, Enforcement Discretion, and Penalty Mitigation |
|
|
873 | (3) |
|
EMS and Regulatory Initiatives |
|
|
876 | (3) |
|
|
879 | (2) |
|
International Considerations |
|
|
881 | (2) |
|
Environmental Management Systems |
|
|
883 | (15) |
|
Review of Selected Provisions of ISO 14001 from a Legal Perspective |
|
|
884 | (14) |
|
|
898 | (1) |
|
|
899 | (2) |
Index |
|
901 | |