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El. knyga: Environmental Policy and Politics

3.72/5 (50 ratings by Goodreads)
(University of Wisconsin, Green Bay)
  • Formatas: 392 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 22-Jul-2021
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000394726
  • Formatas: 392 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 22-Jul-2021
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000394726

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"For over twenty years, Environmental Policy and Politics has kept instructors and students abreast of the challenges presented by contemporary environmental, energy, and natural resource problems in the United States. Now in its eighth edition, Michael E. Kraft has updated his definitive text to capture the changing nature of environmental problems as well as policy proposals made through 2020. Drawing from work within environmental science, policy analysis, and political science, this text continues tohelp readers think critically about how best to address problems through a variety of public policy tools and strategies at all levels of government. Important updates to this new edition include: The latest information about environmental challenges andgovernmental responses to them, with extensive citation of key sources and websites. Key political and policy decisions through late 2020, including presidential appointments, budgetary decisions, major legislative initiatives, and congressional actions.New learning objectives to facilitate student understanding of key concepts and their applications, arguments advanced over environmental challenges and policies, and the goals and methods of environmental policy analysis. Covers new topics that have emerged during the Trump presidency, including the Clean Power Plan repeal and reduction of environmental regulation, climate change, land conservation, changes in natural resources policies, and a comparison of the Republican and Democratic positions on climate change in 2020. Updated summaries of scientific studies, government reports, and policy analyses. Revised discussion questions and new suggested readings. Environmental Policy and Politics is an essential resource for upper level undergraduate and graduate students in political science and environmental studies looking for an accessible, well-researched and up-to-date text, written with style and flair"--

For more than twenty years, Environmental Policy and Politics has kept instructors and students abreast of the challenges presented by contemporary environmental, energy, and natural resource problems in the United States. Now in its eighth edition, Michael E. Kraft has updated his definitive text to capture the changing nature of environmental problems as well as policy proposals made through 2020. Drawing from work within environmental science, policy analysis, and political science, this text continues to help readers think critically about how best to address problems through a variety of public policy tools and strategies at all levels of government.

Important updates to this new edition include:

• The latest information about environmental challenges and governmental responses to them, with extensive citation of key sources and websites.

• Key political and policy decisions through late 2020, including presidential appointments, budgetary decisions, major legislative initiatives, and congressional actions.

• New learning objectives to facilitate student understanding of key concepts and their applications, arguments advanced over environmental challenges and policies, and the goals and methods of environmental policy analysis.

• Covers new topics that have emerged during the Trump presidency, including the Clean Power Plan repeal and reduction of environmental regulation, climate change, land conservation, changes in natural resources policies, and a comparison of the Republican and Democratic positions on climate change in 2020.

• Updated summaries of scientific studies, government reports, and policy analyses.

• Revised discussion questions and new suggested readings.

Environmental Policy and Politics is an essential resource for upper level undergraduate and graduate students in political science and environmental studies looking for an accessible, well-researched and up-to-date text, written with style and flair



Now in its eighth edition, Michael E. Kraft has updated his definitive text to capture the changing nature of environmental problems as well as policy proposals made through 2020.

Recenzijos

"A more profound changing of the guard in environmental protection has seldom been experience in the half century since the start of the modern environmental era. The election of Joe Biden as President of the United States has signalled a dramatic reversal in the four years of Trump administration gutting of US commitments to national and global climate change and the rolling back numerous federal pollution reducing requirements in water, land and for the air we breathe. The question remains, to what extent will the Biden presidency not only reverse but enhance US environmental policy? The answer will not come easily. A starting point is understanding the goals that have been established over many decades at the national, state, and local level and implementation processes for carrying them out, from the Office of the President to the myriad of state and local policy makers and officials. The new edition of Environmental Policy and Politics by the eminent scholar, Michael Kraft, conveys better than any other text the story of how environmental protection evolved through our democratic and representative processes and the framework for carrying them out at the federal, state, and local level across the nation. The story underscores the enumerable and competing interest engaged in the process, with both significant success and, as with the Trump experience, steps backward. Overall, the book provides the right balance between depth and clarity and is essential reading for students of how environmental policy is made and carried out."

Daniel A. Mazmanian, University of Southern California

"This illuminating book is a must-read for political science majors interested in environmental policy and politics in the United States. It is both highly readable and informative and gives the reader a well-rounded insight into the complex nature of modern environmentalism and the challenges that it faces today."

Rafal Soborski, The American International University in London

"The 8th edition of Michael Krafts Environmental Policy and Politics seamlessly positions up-to-date information about the prevailing environmental issues of our time within the rich historical, political, and scientific context that continues to shape environmental policymaking in the United States. In doing so, the text equips students from diverse disciplinary backgrounds with the theoretical and practical tools for critically analyzing current environmental problems, policies, and political debates."

Elizabeth A. Koebele, University of Nevada, Reno

"Michael Kraft provides an invaluable public service by introducing students to the theoretical and applied complexities of environmental policy and politics through this new edition of his classic text. This version builds thoughtfully on prior work and offers a rich foundation for anyone who wants to better understand and constructively engage these issues. It also offers an important new chapter on energy and climate policy, considering the Trump era and beyond. Students will not only want to read this book but will keep it in on their shelves for the balance of their lives and careers as a vital reference."

Barry Rabe, University of Michigan

"Anyone looking for a comprehensive treatment of environmental, natural resource, and energy policies will find it in this book. Michael Kraft is a master of national and global environmental issues, and he again brings that knowledge together in this new edition of an outstanding book. I use Environmental Policy and Politics in my classes, confident that my students are getting an up-to-date, authoritative, theoretically sound, and well-written analysis of some of the most important issues they ever will study."

Daniel J. Fiorino, American University

"I have used previous editions of this book for years as its integration of the politics underlying political choices and presentation of the resulting policy outcomes provide the most useful understanding of how environmental issues are addressed in practice. The new edition's updated presentation of economic incentives and other alternatives to regulation, and the different methods of evaluating policy outcomes, are especially crucial as these have become increasingly important policy tools in the 21st century and are essential for enabling students to analyze the range of policy options available."

Peter Beck, St. Edwards University

"The book offers an excellent and timely overview of many of the most significant environmental issues we face. The focus on the interaction of institutions and politics on environmental policy offers students a solid foundation. The links to websites also provide students and instructors with ample opportunities for class discussion and further research."

Robert Duffy, Colorado State University

Preface to the Seventh Edition xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Chapter 1 The Background And Purposes Of The Constitution 1 (22)
The Colonial Setting
The Declaration of Independence
The Background of the Declaration
The Purpose of the Document
The Idea of Equality of Human Rights
The Purpose of Government
The Right of Revolution
Charges against the English King
Indictments against the King and the Parliament
War Atrocities and Slavery
Recapitulation of Earlier Petitions
Conclusion
The Articles of Confederation
The Background
The Principles and Structures
The Achievements and Problems
Prelude to the Constitutional Convention
The Constitutional Convention
The Delegates
The Rules
The Virginia Plan
The New Jersey Plan
Prominent Convention Issues and Compromises
Ratification of the Constitution
The Preamble
The Purposes of the Constitution
Summary
For Reflection and Discussion
References and Suggestions for Further Study
Chapter 2 Article I: The Legislative Branch 23(42)
The Outline of the Constitution and Separation of Powers
The Priority of the Legislative Branch
Bicameralism
The U.S. House of Representatives
Terms of Office and Qualifications for Voters
Qualifications for the House
Representation and Taxation
The Three-Fifths Clause
U.S. Census
Initial State Representation
House Vacancies
The Speaker of the House
The Power of Impeachment
The U.S. Senate
Representation, Voting, and Terms
Staggered Senate Terms and Vacancies
Qualifications for the Senate
The Legislative Role of the Vice President
Other Senate Officers
Trials of Impeachment
The Consequences of Impeachment
Other Matters Involving Congressional Operations
Elections for Congress
Housekeeping Provisions
Congressional Compensation
Congressional Privilege
The Ineligibility Clause
Article I, Section 7-Procedures for Passing Laws
The Origination Clause
Procedures for Lawmaking and Presidential Vetoes
The Presentment Clause
Article I, Section 8-Powers Granted to Congress
The Power of the Purse
Power to Regulate Commerce
A Note on Native Americans
Power over Naturalization
Power over Bankruptcies
Coining Money and Establishing Uniform Standards
Establishing a Post Office and Promoting Scientific Advances
Establishing Lower Courts
War Powers
Calling the Militia
Governing the District of Columbia
Implied Powers
Congressional Investigations
Article I, Section 9-Limits on Congressional Powers
Slave Importation
The Suspension Clause and the Writ of Habeas Corpus
Bills of Attainder and Ex Post Facto Laws
Economic Protections for the States
The Appropriation of Money
Limits on Titles of Nobility and Foreign Emoluments
Article I, Section 10-Limits on the States
Powers Reserved to the National Government
The Contract Clause
Other Economic Limits on the States
Summary
For Reflection and Discussion
References and Suggestions for Further Study
Chapter 3 Article II: The Executive Branch 65(26)
A Single Executive
The Presidential Term
Presidential Selection and the Electoral College
Presidential Qualifications
The Vice President and Presidential Disability
The Presidential Salary
The Presidential Oath
Presidential Duties
Commander in Chief
Getting Advice from the Cabinet
Power to Pardon and Reprieve
Negotiation and Ratification of Treaties
Presidential Appointment and Removal Powers
Recess Appointments Clause
The State of the Union Address
Power to Convene and Adjourn Congress
The President as Chief Diplomat
Power to Execute the Laws and Executive Privilege
Commissioning of Military Officers
Presidential Impeachment
Censure
Executive Orders and Presidential Signing Statements
Summary
For Reflection and Discussion
References and Suggestions for Further Study
Chapter 4 Article III: The Judicial Branch 91 (18)
Organization and Guidelines
The U.S. Supreme Court and Other Inferior Courts
Judicial Tenure
Judicial Qualifications
Judicial Compensation
The Number of Justices
Supreme Court Decisions
Jurisdiction
Cases Based on Subject Matter and Parties to the Suit
Cases of Original and Appellate Jurisdiction
Limits on the Judicial Branch
The Political Questions Doctrine
Judicial Powers
Statutory Interpretation and Judicial Review
Marbury v. Madison
Judicial Review in Practice
The Exceptions Clause
Protections
Trial by Jury
Treason
The Nature of Article III
Summary
For Reflection and Discussion
References and Suggestions for Further Study
Chapter 5 Article IV: The Federal System 109 (12)
Three Forms of Government
Layer Cake or Marble Cake?
Obligations of States to One Another
The Full Faith and Credit Clause
The Privileges and Immunities Clause
Extradition
The Fugitive Slave Clause
The Admission of New States
Governing the Territories
Obligations of the Nation to the States
The Guarantee Clause
Rejected Doctrines of Federalism
Interposition
Nullification
Secession
The Status of Local Governments
Summary
For Reflection and Discussion
References and Suggestions for Further Study
Chapter 6 Articles V-VII: The Amending Provision And Miscellaneous Matters 121(12)
Amending Procedures
The Most Common Route for Proposal and Ratification
The Unused Convention Mechanism
Rescissions and Time Limits
Is the Amending Process Exclusive?
Entrenchment Clauses
The History of Amendments in the United States
Article VI
The Continuing Validity of Debts
The Supremacy Clause
Oaths of Office and Prohibition of Religious Tests
Article VII
Ratification of the Constitution
The Attestation Clause
Summary
For Reflection and Discussion
References and Suggestions for Further Study
Chapter 7 The Bill Of Rights-The First Amendment 133(28)
Background
Application of the Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights: A Floor or a Ceiling?
The Idea of Rights
The Placement of the First Amendment
The Establishment and Free Exercise Clauses
References to God
The Three-Part Lemon Test and the Wall of Separation
Application of the Establishment Clause to Schools
In Other Contexts
The Free Exercise Clause and the Belief/Practice Dichotomy
Application of the Free Exercise Clause
Freedom of Speech
Justifications for Freedom of Speech
Tests for Subversive Speech
Subsidiary Principles
Obscenity
Symbolic Speech
Fighting Words and True Threats
Libel
Commercial Speech
Campaign Contributions
Freedom of the Press
Prior Restraint
Other Press Issues
Additional First Amendment Rights
Assembly, Association, and Petition
Summary
For Reflection and Discussion
References and Suggestions for Further Study
Chapter 8 The Bill Of Rights: Of Arms And Men-Amendments 2-3 161 (6)
The Second Amendment Right to Bear Arms
Rival Interpretations
Modern Militia Groups
The Third Amendment
The Prohibition against Quartering Troops
Summary
For Reflection and Discussion
References and Suggestions for Further Study
Chapter 9 The Bill Of Rights And The Rights Of The Accused And The Convicted-Amendments 4-8 167(24)
The Fourth Amendment and Searches and Seizures
An Amendment in Two Parts
The Reasonableness Requirement
Excessive Use of Force
Warrant Requirements
Administrative Searches
The Exclusionary Rule
The Fifth Amendment
Indictment by Grand Jury
The Double Jeopardy Provision
Protection against Self-Incrimination
Physical Evidence versus Testimonial Evidence
The Due Process Clause
The Takings Clause
The Sixth Amendment
Speedy and Public Trials
Right to a Petit Jury
The Rights of Notification, Confrontation, and Compulsory Process
The Right to Counsel
The Seventh Amendment
Petit Juries in Common-Law Cases
The Reexamination Clause
The Eighth Amendment
Bail and Fines
Capital Punishment
Recidivism Laws and Proportionality Concerns
Summary
For Reflection and Discussion
References and Suggestions for Further Study
Chapter 10 The Bill Of Rights, The Rights Of The States (Amendments 9-10), And Amendments 11 And 12 191 (16)
The Ninth Amendment
Origins
Two Prominent Views of the Amendment
Birth Control and Abortion
Other Privacy Issues
The Tenth Amendment
States' Rights
The Eleventh Amendment
Suits against the States
The Twelfth Amendment
The Electoral College
Nomination Processes
Postscript to the Elections of 2000 and 2020
Summary
For Reflection and Discussion
References and Suggestions for Further Study
Chapter 11 The Post-civil War Amendments-amendments 13-15 207(22)
Background
The Thirteenth Amendment
The End of Slavery
The Fourteenth Amendment
Citizenship Provisions
Three Important Guarantees
Supreme Court Decisions Limiting the Impact of the Fourteenth Amendment
Brown and the Rebirth of the Fourteenth Amendment
School Busing and Affirmative Action Programs
Equal Protection and Gender-Based Classifications
Equal Protection and Other Classifications
Equal Protection and Legislative Apportionment
A Rebirth of the Due Process Clause?
Reversing the Three-Fifths Clause
Restrictions on Former Rebels
Valid and Invalid Public Debts
Enforcement of the Fourteenth Amendment
The Fifteenth Amendment
Racially Discriminatory Voting
The Lesson of the Postwar Amendments
Summary
For Reflection and Discussion
References and Suggestions for Further Study
Chapter 12 The Progressive Era Amendments-amendments 16-19 229 (8)
The Sixteenth Amendment
The National Income Tax
The Seventeenth Amendment
The Election of U.S. Senators
The Eighteenth Amendment
The National Prohibition of Alcohol
The Nineteenth Amendment
Women's Suffrage
Summary
For Reflection and Discussion
References and Suggestions for Further Study
Chapter 13 The Recent Amendments-amendments 20-27 237(16)
The Twentieth Amendment
Lame Ducks
Presidential Vacancies
The Twenty-first Amendment
The Repeal of National Alcohol Prohibition
The Twenty-second Amendment
A Limit on Presidential Terms of Office
The Twenty-third Amendment
Electoral Votes for the District of Columbia
The Twenty-fourth Amendment
The Prohibition of Poll Taxes
The Twenty-fifth Amendment
Vacancies and Disabilities
Vacancies in the Vice Presidency
Cases of Presidential Disability
The Twenty-sixth Amendment
Eighteen-Year-Olds and the Right to Vote
The Twenty-seventh Amendment
Congressional Pay Raises
Author's Postscript on the American Future
Summary
For Reflection and Discussion
References and Suggestions for Further Study
Reading Supreme Court Decisions 253(8)
Locating Cases and Understanding Citations
Briefing Cases
Fifty Case Names and Decisions
Glossary 261(18)
Highlights of Constitutional History 279(14)
U.S. Supreme Court Justices 293(4)
Appendix 1: The Constitution of the United States 297(18)
Appendix 2: The Declaration of Independence 315(4)
Appendix 3: The Articles of Confederation 319(8)
Index 327
Michael E. Kraft is Professor of Political Science and Public Affairs Emeritus and Herbert Fisk Johnson Professor of Environmental Studies Emeritus at the University of WisconsinGreen Bay.