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El. knyga: Epigraphy and Islamic Culture: Inscriptions of the Early Muslim Rulers of Bengal (1205-1494)

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Architectural inscriptions are a fascinating aspect of Islamic cultural heritage because of their rich and diverse historical contents and artistic merits. These inscriptions help us understand the advent of Islam and its gradual diffusion in Bengal, which eventually resulted in a Muslim majority region, making the Bengali Muslims the second largest linguistic group in the Islamic world.

This book is an interpretive study of the Arabic and Persian epigraphic texts of Bengal in the wider context of a rich epigraphic tradition in the Islamic world. While focusing on previously untapped sources, it takes a fresh look into the Islamic inscriptions of Bengal and examines the inner dynamics of the social, intellectual and religious transformations of this eastern region of South Asia. It explores many new inscriptions including Persian epigraphs that appeared immediately after the Muslim conquest of Bengal indicating an early introduction of Persian language in the region through a cultural interaction with Khurasan and Central Asia. In addition to deciphering and editing the epigraphic texts, the information derived from them has been analyzed to construct the political, administrative, social, religious and cultural scenario of the period.

The first survey of the Muslim inscriptions in India ever to be attempted on this scale, the book reveals the significance of epigraphy as a source for Islamic history and culture. As such, it will be of interest to students and scholars of Asian Studies, Asian History and Islamic Studies.
List of figures
xv
Sigla xvii
Note on transliteration xviii
Foreword xix
Acknowledgements xxi
List of abbreviations
xxiv
Introduction: epigraphy of Muslim Bengal 1(8)
1 Epigraphy as an important source for Islamic history and civilization
9(18)
Epigraphy in Islamic tradition
9(1)
Use of inscriptions in Islamic architecture
10(1)
Emergence of Islamic epigraphy
11(1)
Importance of Islamic epigraphy
12(1)
Thematic variety of Islamic inscriptions
13(3)
Use of inscriptions as legal deeds
16(1)
Globalization and cultural continuity of the Islamic world: comparison of some inscriptions of Bengal with those of Andalusia
17(4)
Diversity of materials and features in Bengal inscriptions
21(1)
Comparison of Islamic inscriptions with Sanskrit inscriptions in Bengal
22(1)
Some conclusive remarks
23(4)
2 The diffusion of Islam in Bengal and the articulation of a new order
27(31)
The land
27(2)
The advent of Islam and the Bengal hinterland
29(2)
Merchants and the faith: early Islamic contacts with Bengal
31(3)
The Muslim conquest of Bengal and the beginning of Islamic consolidation
34(3)
The emergence of the independent Sultanate and the spread of Islamic culture
37(2)
From syncretistic tradition to Islamic reassertion: the mighty Mughals and the British Raj
39(4)
Royalty and ruling establishment
43(1)
Commerce and maritime activities
44(1)
Mosques: the nucleus of Islamic society
45(3)
The role of `ulama' and madrasas in the transmission of knowledge
48(10)
3 Nature, aesthetic perception and mysticism: spiritual dimensions of the Islamic inscriptions of Bengal
58(14)
4 Worldly authority and paradisiacal ambition: diversity of titles in the Islamic inscriptions of Bengal
72(15)
Titles in Islamic culture and their historical importance
73(14)
5 Early Islamic inscriptions
87(33)
Inscriptions of the Khalji chiefs
87(8)
Inscriptions of the early rulers appointed by the Delhi Sultans
95(6)
Inscriptions of the Balbani rulers
101(19)
6 Inscriptions of the Sultanate period
120(122)
Inscriptions of the early Ilyas Shahi rulers
120(14)
Inscriptions of the indigenous Bengali sultans (Sultan Jalal ai-Din Muhammad Shah and his son)
134(5)
Inscriptions of the later Ilyas Shahi rulers (the restored dynasty)
139(88)
Inscriptions of the so-called Habashi rulers of Abyssinian origin
227(15)
Bibliography 242
Index 255
Mohammad Yusuf Siddiq is President of Bangladesh Association for Needy Peoples Improvement. He has written extensively on the history, civilization and culture of Muslim Bengal, including a dozen entries in the Encyclopaedia of Islam.