Guide to the Problem-Based Learning Series |
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xv | |
Guide to the Website |
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xx | |
Table of Cases |
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xxi | |
Table of Statutes |
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xxix | |
1 Introduction To Equity And Trusts |
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1 | (22) |
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Chapter aims and objectives |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (5) |
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What kind of property may be held in trust? |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (2) |
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Some other reasons for trusts |
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10 | (2) |
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12 | (1) |
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A brief history of equity and the development of the trust |
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13 | (5) |
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The nature of equity today |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
2 The Three Certainties And Capacity |
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23 | (42) |
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Chapter aims and objectives |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (8) |
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Certainty of subject matter |
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33 | (9) |
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42 | (17) |
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Capacity of the settlor or testator |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (3) |
3 The Statutory Formalities |
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65 | (28) |
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Chapter aims and objectives |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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A lifetime declaration of an express trust of land |
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67 | (3) |
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A lifetime disposition of a subsisting equitable interest |
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70 | (19) |
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A Will trust or the disposition of a subsisting equitable interest by Will |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (2) |
4 The Constitution Of Trusts |
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93 | (48) |
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Chapter aims and objectives |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (3) |
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Complete constitution of a trust |
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97 | (12) |
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Indirect or automatic constitution of a trust |
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109 | (1) |
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No interrelationship between the two methods of constituting a trust |
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109 | (1) |
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Conclusion on completely constituted trusts |
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110 | (3) |
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Incompletely constituted trusts |
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113 | (9) |
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Exceptions to the maxim Equity will not perfect an imperfect gift |
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122 | (14) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (3) |
5 Secret Trusts And Mutual Wills |
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141 | (34) |
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Chapter aims and objectives |
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141 | (2) |
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Introduction to secret trusts |
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143 | (2) |
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Requirements for a valid fully secret trust |
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145 | (3) |
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Two or more fully secret trustees |
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148 | (2) |
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Is a fully secret trust an express trust or a constructive trust? |
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150 | (2) |
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152 | (8) |
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Can a secret trustee take as a beneficiary under a secret trust? |
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160 | (1) |
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The theoretical basis for upholding secret trusts |
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161 | (2) |
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The doctrine of mutual Wills |
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163 | (2) |
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An agreement between the parties not to revoke their Wills |
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165 | (3) |
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Problems arising from the doctrine of mutual Wills |
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168 | (3) |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (2) |
6 Protective Trusts, Discretionary Trusts And Powers |
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175 | (36) |
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Chapter aims and objectives |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (11) |
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Introduction to discretionary trusts |
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187 | (3) |
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The rights of the beneficiaries under a discretionary trust |
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190 | (8) |
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Right of discretionary beneficiaries acting collectively |
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198 | (2) |
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200 | (7) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (2) |
7 Resulting Trusts |
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211 | (48) |
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Chapter aims and objectives |
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211 | (1) |
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Introduction to resulting trusts |
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212 | (1) |
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Automatic resulting trusts |
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213 | (2) |
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Surplus funds and automatic resulting trusts |
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215 | (4) |
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Presumed resulting trusts |
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219 | (1) |
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Purchase money resulting trusts |
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219 | (3) |
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Voluntary transfer of property to another |
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222 | (5) |
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The presumption of advancement |
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227 | (5) |
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232 | (9) |
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Theories explaining the reason for resulting trusts |
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241 | (7) |
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248 | (7) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (2) |
8 Constructive Trusts |
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259 | (40) |
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Chapter aims and objectives |
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259 | (1) |
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Introduction to constructive trusts |
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260 | (3) |
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Unauthorised profits made by a fiduciary |
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263 | (16) |
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Personal liability of third parties |
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279 | (1) |
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Dishonest assistance in a breach of trust |
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279 | (9) |
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Personal liability for knowing receipt |
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288 | (6) |
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Enforcement of agreements between parties |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (2) |
9 Ownership Of The Family Home |
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299 | (48) |
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Chapter aims and objectives |
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299 | (2) |
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301 | (1) |
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Joint legal owners of the family home |
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302 | (17) |
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Legal title to the home is in the name of one cohabitant |
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319 | (16) |
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Section 37 Matrimonial Proceedings and Property Act 1970 |
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335 | (1) |
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Claiming an interest under proprietary estoppel |
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336 | (5) |
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The Law Commission's recommendations for reform |
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341 | (2) |
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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345 | (2) |
10 Trusts That May Be Set Aside |
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347 | (38) |
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Chapter aims and objectives |
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347 | (1) |
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Introduction to the rule against perpetuities |
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348 | (1) |
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The rule against remoteness of vesting |
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348 | (10) |
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The rule against inalienability |
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358 | (2) |
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360 | (2) |
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Safeguarding property from creditors |
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362 | (1) |
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Transactions intended to defraud creditors |
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362 | (7) |
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Transactions that may be set aside following bankruptcy |
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369 | (1) |
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Transactions made at undervalue prior to bankruptcy |
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369 | (4) |
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373 | (4) |
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Safeguarding property from family claims |
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377 | (4) |
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381 | (1) |
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382 | (1) |
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383 | (2) |
11 Private Purpose Trusts |
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385 | (36) |
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Chapter aims and objectives |
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385 | (1) |
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386 | (4) |
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390 | (5) |
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Should the law allow non-charitable purpose trusts? |
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395 | (2) |
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Unincorporated associations |
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397 | (1) |
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How does a gift to an unincorporated association take effect? |
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398 | (13) |
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How is an unincorporated association dissolved? |
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411 | (1) |
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Distribution of surplus funds upon dissolution |
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412 | (5) |
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417 | (1) |
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418 | (1) |
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419 | (2) |
12 Charitable Trusts |
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421 | (60) |
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Chapter aims and objectives |
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421 | (1) |
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422 | (2) |
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Historical background of charitable purposes |
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424 | (2) |
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An overview of the Charities Act 2011 |
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426 | (3) |
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Charitable purposes under the Charities Act 2011 |
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429 | (14) |
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The public benefit requirement |
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443 | (3) |
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There must be an identifiable benefit to the public related to the charity's purposes |
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446 | (3) |
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The benefit must be for the public or a sufficient section of the public aspect |
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449 | (7) |
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456 | (1) |
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A charitable purpose cannot exclude the poor |
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457 | (2) |
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Exclusively charitable purposes |
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459 | (3) |
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462 | (2) |
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464 | (6) |
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Unidentified donors or anonymous donations to charity collections |
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470 | (2) |
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472 | (3) |
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The regulation of charities |
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475 | (2) |
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477 | (1) |
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478 | (1) |
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479 | (2) |
13 Trusteeship |
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481 | (32) |
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Chapter aims and objectives |
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481 | (1) |
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482 | (1) |
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The appointment of trustees |
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483 | (1) |
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483 | (2) |
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New trustees, i.e. replacement trustees |
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485 | (5) |
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Appointment of additional trustees |
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490 | (4) |
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Vesting of trust property in the trustees |
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494 | (4) |
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Voluntary retirement of trustees |
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498 | (3) |
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501 | (7) |
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508 | (1) |
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509 | (1) |
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510 | (1) |
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511 | (2) |
14 The Duties Of Trustees |
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513 | (30) |
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Chapter aims and objectives |
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513 | (1) |
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514 | (1) |
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Fiduciary duties of a trustee |
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514 | (8) |
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The trustee's duties relating to the trust property |
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522 | (1) |
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Trustee's duties on appointment |
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522 | (1) |
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Trustee's duties to provide accounts and information |
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523 | (1) |
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524 | (2) |
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The trustee's duty to invest |
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526 | (8) |
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Duty to maintain equality between beneficiaries |
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534 | (2) |
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Trustee's duty to distribute |
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536 | (1) |
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537 | (2) |
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539 | (1) |
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540 | (3) |
15 Trustees' Powers |
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543 | (38) |
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Chapter aims and objectives |
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543 | (1) |
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Introduction to trustees' powers |
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544 | (1) |
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545 | (9) |
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Introduction to the power of maintenance |
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554 | (1) |
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An express power of maintenance |
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554 | (1) |
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The statutory power of maintenance |
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555 | (8) |
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Inherent jurisdiction of the court to maintain |
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563 | (1) |
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Introduction to the power of advancement |
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564 | (1) |
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An express power of advancement |
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564 | (1) |
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The statutory power of advancement |
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564 | (9) |
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The limitations on the statutory power of advancement |
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573 | (2) |
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The inherent jurisdiction of the court to advance |
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575 | (1) |
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Setting aside the trustees' exercise of a discretion |
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576 | (1) |
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577 | (1) |
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578 | (1) |
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579 | (1) |
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579 | (2) |
16 Variation Of Trusts |
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581 | (28) |
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Chapter aims and objectives |
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581 | (1) |
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582 | (1) |
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Under the rule in Saunders v Vautier |
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583 | (1) |
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Under the court's inherent jurisdiction |
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584 | (3) |
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Variation of Trusts Act 1958 |
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587 | (17) |
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Other statutory powers to vary trusts |
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604 | (1) |
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605 | (1) |
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606 | (1) |
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607 | (2) |
17 Breach Of Trust |
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609 | (52) |
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Chapter aims and objectives |
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609 | (1) |
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Introduction to breach of trust |
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610 | (1) |
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The trustee's personal liability for breach of trust |
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611 | (16) |
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627 | (7) |
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Personal liability of a third party arising from a breach of trust |
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634 | (1) |
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Criminal liability of a trustee |
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635 | (1) |
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636 | (1) |
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637 | (1) |
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Requirements for the right to trace |
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638 | (1) |
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The current nature of the trust fund or property |
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639 | (10) |
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Has the right to trace in equity been lost? |
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649 | (2) |
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651 | (6) |
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Personal action against an innocent volunteer? |
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657 | (1) |
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657 | (1) |
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658 | (1) |
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659 | (2) |
18 Equitable Remedies |
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661 | (50) |
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Chapter aims and objectives |
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661 | (1) |
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662 | (2) |
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General principles regarding injunctions |
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664 | (9) |
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Defences to claims for injunctions |
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673 | (4) |
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677 | (7) |
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684 | (4) |
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A worldwide freezing order |
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688 | (3) |
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691 | (4) |
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695 | (1) |
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Contracts where specific performance may be ordered |
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696 | (1) |
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Contracts where specific performance is unlikely to be ordered |
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697 | (6) |
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703 | (3) |
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706 | (2) |
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708 | (1) |
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708 | (3) |
19 Putting It Together |
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711 | (16) |
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Chapter aims and objectives |
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711 | (1) |
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711 | (13) |
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How to improve an answer to an essay question |
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724 | (1) |
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Common mistakes when answering a problem question |
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725 | (1) |
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726 | (1) |
Index |
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727 | |