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El. knyga: Error and Fraud: The Dark Side of Biomedical Research

(University of East London, UK)
  • Formatas: 239 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 21-Jun-2021
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000384598
  • Formatas: 239 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 21-Jun-2021
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000384598

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This fascinating book gives readers an appreciation of how biomedical research should work and how the reality is all too often seriously flawed. Explaining the logical basis of the different research approaches used by biomedical research scientists and their relative merits, it will help readers to make more realistic appraisal of media reports linking aspects of lifestyle, environment or diet to health outcomes and thus judge whether such claims are a real effect worthy of consideration for behavior change or deserving of further research resources.

Key features:











increases awareness of research fraud and some of the characteristics of fraudulent science and scientific fraudsters





shows that whilst outright fraud may be uncommon, fudging of results to help achieve statistical significance may be more prevalent





incorporates real-life case studies highlighting some of the infamous cases of research fraud and major scientific mistakes and the impact that they have had





provides a convenient overview of the research process in the biomedical sciences, with a focus on research strategy rather than individual methods





find supplemental detail on the authors blog https://drgeoffnutrition.wordpress.com/about/

By raising awareness of the possibility that research data may have been dishonestly generated and outlining some of the signs and symptoms that might suggest data fabrication, Error and Fraud: The Dark Side of Biomedical Research will help students and researchers to identify the strengths and limitations of different research approaches and allow them to make a realistic evaluations of their own and others research findings.
Preface xi
Prologue xv
Acknowledgements xxvii
1 Research strategies in the biomedical sciences
1(36)
The use of statistics
1(4)
The range and classification of available methods
5(2)
Observational human studies
7(9)
Animal and in vitro experiments
16(5)
Human experimental studies
21(4)
Quality assessment of human trials
25(1)
Meta-analysis
26(4)
Decision-making and hierarchies of evidence
30(4)
National institute for health and clinical excellence (NICE)
34(1)
Key references
35(2)
2 Case studies of scientific errors
37(20)
Case study 1 Sleeping position and cot death
37(3)
Case study 2 The protein gap
40(5)
Case study 3 Defective brown fat thermogenesis as an important cause of obesity
45(4)
Case study 4 Antioxidants supplements to increase life expectancy
49(5)
Key references
54(3)
3 More general concerns about scientific credibility
57(24)
Are most published research findings wrong?
57(7)
An avalanche of junk papers
64(1)
Why is so much published data irreproducible?
65(8)
Is all published research useful?
73(4)
Key references
77(4)
4 The accused -- case studies of scientists accused of research misconduct
81(52)
Jatinder Ahluwalia
81(3)
Werner Bezwoda
84(2)
Joachim Boldt
86(2)
Stephen Breuning
88(1)
Michael Briggs
89(2)
Sir Cyril Burt
91(3)
Ranjit Kumar Chandra
94(3)
Dipak Kumar Das
97(2)
Charles Dawson
99(3)
Yoshitaka Fujii
102(1)
Viswa Jit Gupta
103(1)
John William Heslop Harrison
104(1)
Paul Kammerer
105(2)
Gregor Mendel
107(3)
Haruko Obokata
110(1)
J Malcolm Pearce
111(2)
Scott S Reuben
113(1)
Ram Bahadur Singh
114(3)
Diederik Stapel
117(1)
Jon Sudbo
118(2)
William Talley Summerlin
120(2)
Andrew Wakefield
122(2)
Minor case studies
124(9)
5 Research fraud overview
133(16)
Basic definitions
133(1)
How common is research fraud?
134(1)
Is research fraud becoming more common?
135(1)
The harm done by research fraud -- why it matters
136(9)
The publication process: how is the accuracy and integrity of the scientific record maintained?
145(1)
Key references
146(3)
6 Protection -- barriers to the publication of fraudulent data
149(20)
Author level barriers
149(6)
Peer review by co-authors, referees and editors
155(12)
Key references
167(2)
7 Detection: identifying fraud after publication
169(14)
Faith in the efficacy of peer review and replication
169(1)
Encouraging and protecting potential whistle-blowers
170(3)
Reader scrutiny
173(1)
Indicators of fraudulent papers and fraudulent scientists
174(6)
Key references
180(3)
8 Disinfection and measures for minimising the impact of research fraud
183(20)
Disinfection overview
183(1)
One confirmed act of fraud should trigger a wider investigation
183(1)
Who should investigate accusations of research fraud?
184(7)
Indications that data has been fabricated
191(3)
Interviews with co-authors
194(1)
Life after death -- continuing influence of retracted papers
195(2)
What can be done to improve the situation?
197(4)
Key references
201(2)
Index 203
Dr Geoffrey P Webb (BSc MSc PHd SFHEA) is Senior Lecturer at the University of East London and one of the UKs leading experts on Nutrition.