Section 1. The Writing Process |
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1 | (18) |
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A Overview of the Writing Process |
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2 | (5) |
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Thinking about Your Composing Process |
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2 | (1) |
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Exercise 1.1: Thinking about Composing |
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2 | (1) |
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Exercise 1.2: Reflecting on the Composing Process |
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3 | (1) |
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Stages of the Writing Process |
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3 | (4) |
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Understanding the Assignment |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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Organizing and Outlining Ideas |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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B Understanding Writing Assignments |
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7 | (4) |
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7 | (4) |
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Exercise 1.3: Identifying Key Words in Writing Assignments |
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10 | (1) |
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C Thinking about Audience |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (7) |
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Idea-Generating Techniques: Points to Consider |
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12 | (8) |
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Exercise 1.4: Generating Ideas |
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18 | (1) |
Section 2. Essay Structure |
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19 | (42) |
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20 | (2) |
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20 | (1) |
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Exercise 2.1: Topic and Comment |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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Exercise 2.2: Topic and Development Sentences |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (30) |
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23 | (5) |
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Introductory Paragraph(s) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (3) |
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Exercise 2.3: Ordering Information |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (3) |
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Combining Patterns of Organization |
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32 | (1) |
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Exercise 2.4: Key Words and Organizational |
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33 | (1) |
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Patterns in Writing Assignments Paragraph Development Techniques |
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34 | (14) |
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Exercise 2.5: Writing Descriptive Sentences |
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36 | (2) |
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Exercise 2.6: Description: Similes and Metaphors |
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38 | (6) |
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Exercise 2.7: Writing Definitions |
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44 | (2) |
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Exercise 2.8: Writing Example Sentences |
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46 | (2) |
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Exercise 2.9: Using Examples in a Paragraph |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (14) |
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49 | (1) |
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Exercise 2.10: Transition Words and Phrases |
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50 | (2) |
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C Re-Reading and Revising the Essay |
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52 | (2) |
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D A 10-Step Guide to the Writing Process |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (6) |
Section 3. Patterns Of Essay Organization |
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61 | (42) |
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62 | (6) |
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Exercise 3.1: Connecting Ideas in Narrative Writing |
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64 | (1) |
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Ordering Events: Using When and While |
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65 | (1) |
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Verb Tense Consistency in Narrative Writing |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (4) |
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Exercise 3.2: Connecting Ideas to Describe a Process |
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70 | (1) |
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Example Essay: Explaining a Process |
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71 | (1) |
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C Comparison/Contrast Essay |
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72 | (9) |
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Exercise 3.3: Expressing Comparison or Contrast |
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78 | (1) |
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Example Essay: Comparison and Contrast |
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79 | (2) |
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81 | (5) |
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Exercise 3.4: Creating a Cause-and-Effect Paragraph |
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84 | (1) |
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Example Essay: Cause and Effect |
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84 | (2) |
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86 | (8) |
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How to Construct a Logical Argument |
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87 | (5) |
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Exercise 3.5: Expressing Arguments |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (2) |
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F Combining Patterns of Organization |
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94 | (9) |
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Example Essay with Combined Patterns |
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94 | (9) |
Section 4. Research Paper |
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103 | (64) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (5) |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (3) |
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Exercise 4.1: Evaluating Sources |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (2) |
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Guidelines for Taking Notes |
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111 | (1) |
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D Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Using |
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112 | (8) |
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Quotations Tips for Paraphrasing |
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113 | (2) |
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Paraphrased Summary Example |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (8) |
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Exercise 4.2: Recognizing Plagiarism of Language |
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118 | (2) |
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120 | (1) |
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F Writing Thesis Statements |
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121 | (3) |
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Exercise 4.3: Thesis Statements: Argument or Report? |
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123 | (1) |
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G Writing Complete Drafts |
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124 | (4) |
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124 | (2) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (4) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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J APA Style: References, Format, and Sample Paper |
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130 | (16) |
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Exercise 4.4: APA References: Correcting Errors |
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132 | (2) |
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APA Format for Student Research Paper |
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134 | (1) |
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APA Sample Student Research Paper |
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135 | (11) |
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K MLA Style: Works Cited, Format, and Sample Paper |
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146 | (21) |
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Exercise 4.5: MLA Works Cited: Correcting Errors |
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149 | (2) |
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What's New in MLA, 8th Edition? |
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151 | (1) |
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MLA Format for Student Research Paper |
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152 | (1) |
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MLA Sample Student Research Paper |
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153 | (14) |
Section 5. Grammar And Style |
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167 | (42) |
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168 | (16) |
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168 | (1) |
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Exercise 5.1: Recognizing Word Form Errors |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (5) |
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Count and Non-Count Nouns |
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170 | (1) |
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Nouns with General Reference |
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170 | (1) |
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Nouns with Definite Reference |
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171 | (1) |
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Nouns Using Zero (No) Article |
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172 | (6) |
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Exercise 5.2: Using Articles |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (2) |
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Exercise 5.3: Using Appropriate Prepositions |
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175 | (1) |
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D Word Choice in Formal Writing Style |
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176 | (2) |
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Exercise 5.4: Using More Specific Words |
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177 | (1) |
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Exercise 5.5: Using More Formal Words |
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177 | (1) |
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E Reference Words: Pronouns and Synonyms |
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178 | (3) |
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Using Pronouns to Avoid Repeating Nouns |
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178 | (1) |
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Using Demonstrative Pronouns to Avoid Repeating an Entire Phrase |
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179 | (1) |
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Using Synonyms for Reference |
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179 | (2) |
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Exercise 5.6: Using Reference Words to |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (3) |
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Exercise 5.7: Reducing Wordiness |
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182 | (2) |
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184 | (25) |
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184 | (3) |
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184 | (2) |
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Exercise 5.8: Identifying Independentand Dependent Clauses |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (3) |
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Exercise 5.9: Practicing Subject-Verb Agreement |
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189 | (1) |
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I Run-On Sentences and Sentence Fragments |
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190 | (3) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (4) |
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Exercise 5.10: Correcting Run-On Sentences |
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192 | (1) |
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Exercise 5.11: Correcting Sentence Fragments |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (2) |
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Exercise 5.12: Recognizing Comma Splices |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (3) |
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Identifying Adjective Clauses |
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195 | (1) |
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Non-Identifying Adjective Clauses |
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196 | (9) |
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Exercise 5.13: Comma Use in Adjective Clauses |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (2) |
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Exercise 5.14: Creating Parallel Structures |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (5) |
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Exercise 5.15: Combining Sentences with Subordinators |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (5) |
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Varying the Positions of Modifiers |
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205 | (1) |
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Changing Emphasis with a Divided Sentence |
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206 | (1) |
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Example Paragraph and Revision |
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207 | (2) |
Section 6. Punctuation |
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209 | (34) |
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210 | (2) |
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210 | (1) |
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Exercise 6.1: Period at End of Sentence |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (3) |
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Exercise 6.2: Period with Decimals |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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Exercise 6.3: Question Mark and Period |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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Exercise 6.4: Exclamation Point |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (10) |
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After Introductory or Transitional Words or Phrases |
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214 | (1) |
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Exercise 6.5: Comma with Introductory or Transitional Words or Phrases |
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214 | (1) |
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After Introductory Clauses |
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215 | (1) |
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Exercise 6.6: Comma after Introductory Clauses |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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Exercise 6.7: Comma before Conjunctions |
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216 | (1) |
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In Lists of Words, Phrases, or Clauses |
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217 | (1) |
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Exercise 6.8: Comma with Lists of Words, Phrases, or Clauses |
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217 | (1) |
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With Coordinate Adjectives |
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218 | (1) |
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Exercise 6.9: Comma with Coordinate Adjectives |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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Exercise 6.10: Comma with Quotations |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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Exercise 6.11: Comma with Abbreviations |
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221 | (1) |
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With Interrupting Expressions |
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221 | (3) |
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Exercise 6.12: Comma with Contrasting or Interrupting Elements or Those Needing Separation for Clarity |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (2) |
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224 | (1) |
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Exercise 6.13: Semicolon with Independent Clauses |
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224 | (1) |
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When Separating Elements with Internal Commas |
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224 | (2) |
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Exercise 6.14: Semicolon Separating Elements with Internal Commas |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (3) |
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226 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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Before the Second Part of Sentence |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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In Bibliographic References |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (2) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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With Strong Interrupting Element |
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230 | (1) |
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With Change in Flow of Ideas |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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Before Items Listed in a Category |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (3) |
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231 | (1) |
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With Long Direct Quotations |
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232 | (1) |
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For Reference to Language Use |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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With Interrupting Expressions |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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To Show Errors in Quoted Passage |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (2) |
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At the Beginning of a Sentence |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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P Indentation of Paragraphs and Quotations |
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239 | (2) |
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239 | (1) |
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Block Indentation of Long Quotations |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (2) |
Section 7. Quick Reference |
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243 | (22) |
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A Connections between Ideas |
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244 | (5) |
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Examples of Appropriate Expressions for Connecting Ideas |
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244 | (11) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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Referring to a Specific Point in the Text |
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245 | (4) |
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249 | (4) |
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C Active and Passive Voice |
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253 | (2) |
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255 | (4) |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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Present Perfect Continuous |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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Future Perfect Continuous |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (2) |
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F Gerunds and Infinitives |
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261 | (2) |
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Gerund Functioning as a Noun |
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261 | (1) |
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Infinitive Functioning as a Noun |
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261 | (1) |
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Common Verbs Followed by the Gerund |
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262 | (1) |
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Common Verbs Followed by the Infinitive |
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262 | (1) |
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Common Verbs Followed by the Gerund or |
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262 | (1) |
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the Infinitive Common Adjectives (Usually Followed by the Infinitive) |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (2) |
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263 | (1) |
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Verb + Preposition Combinations |
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264 | (1) |
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Adjective + Preposition Combinations |
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264 | (1) |
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Common Preposition + Noun Phrases |
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264 | (1) |
Section 8: Special Types Of Writing |
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265 | (22) |
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266 | (5) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (2) |
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269 | (2) |
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271 | (8) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (5) |
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279 | (2) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (6) |
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281 | (1) |
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Sample Personal Statement |
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282 | (3) |
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Common Correction Symbols for Editing |
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285 | (2) |
Glossary |
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287 | (4) |
Answer Key |
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291 | (30) |
Index |
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321 | |