Preface |
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xi | |
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Section A The basics: What you need to know before starting human participant research |
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1 Introduction to the ethics and science of clinical research |
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3 | (10) |
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1 Clinical research defined |
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3 | (1) |
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2 Clinical research ethics defined |
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3 | (1) |
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3 Oversight: Origins, the old regulations, and the revised common rule |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (7) |
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2 What you need to know about clinical research ethics |
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13 | (18) |
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1 Intersections of scientific goals and ethical concerns: How study design influences evaluation of ethical considerations |
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13 | (4) |
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2 Landmark documents in the codification of clinical research ethics |
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17 | (4) |
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3 The basic principles and theories of clinical research ethics: Learning how to justify study design |
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21 | (7) |
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4 Balancing scientific efficiency against subject protection: Ensuring that the balance is always weighted in the right direction |
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28 | (3) |
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3 What you need to know about the regulation of clinical research |
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31 | (22) |
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1 US and international regulatory oversight bodies |
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31 | (6) |
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2 Institutional review boards (IRBs), single IRBs and other ethics research review bodies and committees |
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37 | (5) |
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3 Variability across IRBs and other reviewing bodies: Those that exist and those of the future |
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42 | (3) |
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45 | (2) |
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5 Initial approval and continuing reviews |
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47 | (1) |
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6 Data monitoring committees |
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48 | (1) |
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7 Radiation safety committees |
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48 | (2) |
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8 Disclosure and minimization of conflicts of interest: Personal and institutional |
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50 | (3) |
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Section B Preparing the protocol |
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4 Designing a clinical research study |
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53 | (24) |
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1 Shaping the study question or hypothesis |
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53 | (2) |
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2 Selecting the study design |
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55 | (7) |
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3 General design characteristics |
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62 | (10) |
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4 Beginning to write the protocol |
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72 | (5) |
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5 Selecting the research population for a clinical study |
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77 | (38) |
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1 Study population: Healthy participants or patient participants? |
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79 | (1) |
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2 Vulnerable subject populations: Who is classified as vulnerable and how this decision is made |
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80 | (2) |
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3 Special populations and additional protections |
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82 | (30) |
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4 Writing the protocol section on study population selection |
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112 | (3) |
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6 Risks and benefits in clinical research |
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115 | (26) |
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1 Weighing risk of harm against potential for benefits |
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116 | (8) |
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2 Regulatory requirements for minimization of risk |
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124 | (1) |
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3 Study procedures for minimization of risk |
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125 | (5) |
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130 | (2) |
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5 Research-related injuries |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (3) |
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7 Risks of not conducting longitudinal studies |
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136 | (1) |
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8 Writing the protocol section on risk, burden, and discomfort |
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137 | (1) |
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9 Writing the protocol section on benefits |
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138 | (3) |
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7 Recruiting research participants |
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141 | (8) |
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1 Who is responsible for recruiting research participants? |
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142 | (2) |
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2 When does the recruitment process begin and end? |
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144 | (2) |
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3 Recruiting research participants for multiple studies |
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146 | (1) |
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4 The professional research participant |
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147 | (1) |
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5 Writing the protocol section on recruitment |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (40) |
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1 Traditions and purpose of informed consent |
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149 | (2) |
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2 When does the informed consent process begin? |
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151 | (3) |
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3 The difference between process and product |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (13) |
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5 Obtaining valid informed consent |
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168 | (5) |
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6 Writing the protocol section on consent, assent, and surrogacy permissions |
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173 | (7) |
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7 Writing consent, assent, and surrogacy permission documents |
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180 | (9) |
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9 Privacy and confidentiality |
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189 | (18) |
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1 Traditions and expectations |
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189 | (2) |
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2 Management of participant privacy and protection of confidential information |
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191 | (2) |
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3 Provision to the participant of clinically relevant private research information |
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193 | (5) |
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4 Withholding personal information from a study participant |
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198 | (4) |
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5 Provision of information at study conclusion |
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202 | (1) |
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6 Release of research information to others |
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203 | (1) |
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7 Certificate of confidentiality |
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204 | (1) |
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8 Writing the protocol section on privacy and confidentiality |
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205 | (1) |
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9 Writing privacy and confidentiality statements in consent forms |
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205 | (2) |
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207 | (10) |
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1 The difference between an ethics section and a regulatory compliance section |
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207 | (2) |
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2 An existing model of a substantive ethics section |
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209 | (1) |
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3 Writing a substantive ethics section |
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210 | (7) |
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Section C Procedures, methods, statistics, data management, and record keeping |
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11 Methods and procedures |
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217 | (22) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (7) |
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226 | (3) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (3) |
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233 | (1) |
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8 Observational methodologies |
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233 | (1) |
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9 Video and/or audio taping |
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234 | (1) |
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10 Quality-of-life measurements |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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12 Adverse reactions and adverse events |
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237 | (2) |
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12 Statistics, data collection and management, and record keeping |
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239 | (18) |
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239 | (8) |
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2 Data collection and management |
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247 | (5) |
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252 | (5) |
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Section D Special ethical issues |
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13 Use of human biological materials |
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257 | (14) |
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1 Anonymous, anonymized, coded, and identifiable specimens |
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258 | (2) |
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2 Anticipated present and future use(s) of tissue |
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260 | (5) |
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3 Tissue samples from those who are deceased |
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265 | (2) |
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4 Writing the protocol sections on the use and storage of human biological materials |
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267 | (4) |
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14 Special issues raised by evolving areas of clinical research |
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271 | (28) |
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271 | (9) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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5 Capacity to give consent: Adults |
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283 | (2) |
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285 | (1) |
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7 Recruitment and retention of women, minorities, and other vulnerable and/or potentially vulnerable populations |
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286 | (2) |
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8 Involvement of pregnant women or fetuses |
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288 | (1) |
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9 Community-based participatory research |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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11 Emergency medicine research |
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291 | (3) |
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294 | (1) |
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13 Epidemiological research |
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294 | (1) |
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14 Translational research |
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295 | (1) |
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15 Quality assurance and quality improvement research |
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296 | (2) |
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298 | (1) |
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15 Cautionary tales: Learning from experience |
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299 | (12) |
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1 Cases histories from the contemporary to the classical in clinical research ethics |
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300 | (11) |
Glossary |
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311 | (8) |
References |
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319 | (26) |
Index |
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345 | |