A comprehensive study of the response of the major European tree species to climate change.
Studies of global climate change predict that increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature are expected to occur over the next century. To help gain an insight into the potential effect of these changes on forests, this book describes how major European tree species respond to experimentally manipulated environmental conditions. The contributors describe the effects on photosynthesis, respiration, and development and use the results to generate models of the likely response of European forests to the predicted changes in climate. The volume encompasses studies carried out under the ECOCRAFT (European Collaboration on CO2 Responses Applied to Forests and Trees) program, focusing on the major tree species found in eight European countries. As such, it provides an authoritative report of the current status of European research into this important area of global environmental biology.
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Review of the hardback: ' well worth reading for both the expert and the interested.' Institute of Chartered Foresters
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A comprehensive study of the response of the major European tree species to climate change.
List of contributors xi(2) Preface xiii(3) ECOCRAFT participants xvi 1 How can we study CO(2) impacts on trees and forests? 1(28) Jean-Yves Pontailler Craig V.M. Barton Dave Durrant Manfred Forstreuter 1.1 Introduction 1(1) 1.2 Open-top and open-sided chambers 2(3) 1.3 Open-top chambers in a natural Mediterranean ecosystem 5(3) 1.4 An open-top chamber experiment in a forest environment 8(2) 1.5 Field chambers in a mountain Norway spruce stand 10(2) 1.6 Large open-top chambers for fast-growing poplars 12(2) 1.7 Mini-glasshouses for stand microcosms 14(4) 1.8 Whole-tree chambers 18(1) 1.9 Branch bags 19(1) 1.10 The Edinburgh branch bags 20(4) 1.11 The Orsay branch bags 24(3) References 27(2) 2 Biochemistry, physiology and biophysics of photosynthesis 29(50) Bob Besford Marianne Mousseau Giorgio Matteucci 2.1 Introduction 29(4) 2.2 Biochemistry 33(14) 2.3 Physiology 47(9) 2.4 Biophysics 56(16) 2.5 Conclusions 72(1) References 73(6) 3 Is dark respiration rate changed? 79(15) Marianne Mousseau 3.1 Introduction 79(1) 3.2 Instantaneous effect of a change in atmospheric CO(2) concentration on dark respiration rate 80(1) 3.3 Dark respiration rate of tissue exposed to long-term CO(2) treatment 81(6) 3.4 Long term effects of elevated atmospheric CO(2) on dark respiration in mini-ecosystems in microcosms 87(4) 3.5 Conclusions 91(1) References 92(2) 4 Will tree foliage be large and live longer? 94(32) Maureen B. Murray Reinhart Ceulemans 4.1 What is phenology? 94(1) 4.2 Bud phenology 95(11) 4.3 Growth phenology 106(13) 4.4 Discussion and conclusions 119(5) References 124(2) 5 Biomass, growth and carbon allocation 126(66) Helen S.J. Lee Dieter Overdieck Paul G. Jarvis 5.1 Why do we need long-term studies? 126(1) 5.2 Growing conditions and growth measurements 127(2) 5.3 Comparision of species in different growing conditions 129(51) 5.4 Conclusions 180(6) References 186(6) 6 Is water used more efficiently? 192(23) Giuseppe Scarascia-Mugnozza Paulo De Angelis 6.1 Introduction 192(1) 6.2 Do stomata acclimate to CO(2)? 193(9) 6.3 How is transpiration affected? 202(2) 6.4 Is water-use efficiency enhanced? 204(2) 6.5 How does water stress change the growth response? 206(2) 6.6 Will trees be better able to withstand drought? 208(2) 6.7 Concluding remarks 210(2) References 212(3) 7 Do elevated CO(2) concentrations and nutrients interact? 215(21) Sune Linder Maureen Murray 7.1 Introduction 215(1) 7.2 Case studies 216(4) 7.3 Plant responses to elevated CO(2) concentrations and nutrition 220(9) 7.4 Conclusions 229(4) References 233(3) 8 Do the effects of temperature and CO(2) interact? 236(38) Dieter Overdieck Seppo Kellomaki Kaiyan Y. Wang 8.1 Introduction 236(2) 8.2 Theoretical approach 238(4) 8.3 Experiment on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) 242(11) 8.4 Experiments on sycamore (Acre pseudoplatanus L.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) 253(7) 8.5 Discussion and conclusions 260(8) References 268(6) 9 What can we learn from microcosms? 274(19) Manfred Forstreuter 9.1 Introduction 274(1) 9.2 Is canopy structure influenced by elevated CO(2) concentration? 275(3) 9.3 Are juvenile or mature beech stands sinks or sources for elevated CO(2)? 278(13) 9.4 Conclusion 291(1) References 291(2) 10 Modelling leaf, tree, and forest responses to increasing atmospheric CO(2) and temperature 293(54) Andrew Friend Seppo Kellomaki Bart Kruijt 10.1 Introduction 293(1) 10.2 The leaf: short-term responses 293(4) 10.3 The leaf: long-term responses 297(16) 10.4 The canopy 313(11) 10.5 The total forest ecosystem 324(8) 10.6 Overall conclusions 332(1) References 332(3) Appendix: biochemical modelling of leaf photosynthesis 335(12) 11 Perspectives for future research 347(12) Bernard Saugier 11.1 Why such an effort? 347(1) 11.2 What have we learned from ECOCRAFT? 348(5) 11.3 What did we miss? 353(1) 11.4 How to get from the tree to the forest? 354(2) 11.5 How does ECOCRAFT relate to current views regarding the carbon sink in the biosphere? 356(1) References 357(2) Annex: Publications 359(16) Refereed papers 359(13) Abstracts, notes, reports and theses 372(3) Index 375
