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Chapter 1 Defining Evidence-Based Practice: Why Practitioners Need to Understand Research |
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1 | (24) |
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What Is Evidence-Based Practice? |
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3 | (5) |
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External Scientific Evidence |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (1) |
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Client Situation and Values |
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5 | (3) |
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Why Evidence-Based Practice? |
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8 | (1) |
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The Process Of Evidence-Based Practice |
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8 | (1) |
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Formulate a Question Based on a Clinical Problem |
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8 | (1) |
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Identify the Relevant Evidence |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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Implement Useful Findings |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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Writing An Evidence-Based Question |
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9 | (9) |
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Questions on Efficacy of an Intervention |
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9 | (2) |
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Research Designs for Efficacy Questions and Levels of Evidence |
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11 | (4) |
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Questions for Usefulness of an Assessment |
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15 | (1) |
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Research Designs Used in Assessment Studies |
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15 | (1) |
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Questions for Description of a Condition |
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16 | (1) |
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Research Designs Used in Descriptive Studies |
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16 | (1) |
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Questions for Prediction of an Outcome |
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16 | (1) |
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Research Designs Used in Predictive Studies |
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16 | (1) |
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Questions About the Client's Lived Experience |
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17 | (1) |
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Research Designs Addressing the Client's Lived Experience |
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18 | (1) |
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Critically Appraised Topics And Critically Appraised Papers |
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18 | (3) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (2) |
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Chapter 2 Finding and Reading Evidence: The First Steps in Evidence-Based Practice |
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25 | (22) |
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26 | (3) |
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28 | (1) |
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Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature |
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29 | (1) |
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Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
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29 | (1) |
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Employing Search Strategies |
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29 | (4) |
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Selecting Key Words and Search Terms |
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30 | (1) |
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Combining Terms and Using Advanced Search |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (2) |
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34 | (1) |
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Professional Organizations |
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35 | (1) |
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Determining The Credibility Of A Source Of Evidence |
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35 | (4) |
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35 | (1) |
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The Public Press and News Media |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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Distinguishing Scholarly Journals From Other Sources |
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38 | (1) |
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Reading A Research Article |
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39 | (5) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (2) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (2) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 Understanding Research Methods and Variables: A Foundation for Evaluating Research |
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47 | (24) |
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48 | (13) |
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48 | (3) |
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51 | (3) |
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54 | (2) |
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56 | (1) |
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Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Research |
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57 | (1) |
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Basic and Applied Research |
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58 | (3) |
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Hypothesis Testing: Type I And Type II Errors |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (5) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (4) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (2) |
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Chapter 4 Descriptive Statistics: What They Tell You and How to Apply Them in Practice |
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71 | (16) |
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Symbols Used With Statistics |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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Frequencies And Frequency Distributions |
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72 | (1) |
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Measure Of Central Tendency |
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73 | (3) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (2) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (4) |
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Normal And Skewed Distributions |
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80 | (3) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 Inferential Statistics: Tests Of Differences |
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87 | (20) |
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Symbols Used With Statistics That Analyze Differences |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (2) |
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Parametric Statistics To Analyze Differences |
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90 | (8) |
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90 | (2) |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (2) |
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Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) |
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96 | (2) |
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Nonparametric Statistics For Analyzing Differences |
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98 | (2) |
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98 | (1) |
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Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis Tests |
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98 | (2) |
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Other Statistics That Aid In The Interpretation Of Difference Tests |
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100 | (4) |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (2) |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (2) |
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106 | (1) |
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Chapter 6 Inferential Statistics for Analyzing Relationships |
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107 | (16) |
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Research Designs And Symbols Used With Inferential Relationship Statistics |
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108 | (1) |
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Relationship Statistics For Continuous Data |
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108 | (6) |
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Scatterplots for Graphing Relationships |
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109 | (1) |
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Relationships Between Two Variables |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (2) |
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112 | (2) |
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Relationship Statistics For Dichotomous Data |
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114 | (6) |
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116 | (2) |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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Distinguishing Between Odds Ratios, Risk Ratios, and Hazards Ratios |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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Chapter 7 Evaluating Measurement Studies and Selecting Appropriate Tests Using the Evidence |
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123 | (20) |
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Types Of Scoring And Measures |
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124 | (2) |
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Continuous Versus Discrete Data |
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124 | (1) |
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Norm-Referenced Versus Criterion-Referenced Measures |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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Criterion-Referenced Measures |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (3) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (5) |
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129 | (2) |
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Sensitivity and Specificity |
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131 | (3) |
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Relationship Between Reliability and Validity |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (4) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (3) |
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Chapter 8 Choosing Interventions for Practice: Designs to Answer Efficacy Questions |
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143 | (26) |
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144 | (1) |
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Between- And Withingroup Comparisons |
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145 | (3) |
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Research Designs For Answering Efficacy Questions |
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148 | (14) |
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Designs Without a Control Group |
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148 | (1) |
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Randomized Controlled Trials |
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149 | (2) |
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151 | (2) |
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Nonrandomized Controlled Trials |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (3) |
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157 | (1) |
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Retrospective Intervention Studies |
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157 | (5) |
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Sample Size And Intervention Research |
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162 | (1) |
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Cost Effectiveness As An Outcome |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (2) |
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166 | (3) |
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Chapter 9 Descriptive and Predictive Research Designs: Understanding Conditions and Making Clinical Predictions |
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169 | (20) |
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Descriptive Research For Understanding Conditions And Populations |
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170 | (4) |
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Incidence and Prevalence Studies |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (2) |
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Study Designs To Predict An Outcome |
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174 | (10) |
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Predictive Studies Using Correlational Methods |
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174 | (1) |
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Simple Prediction Between Two Variables |
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174 | (1) |
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Multiple Predictors for a Single Outcome |
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175 | (3) |
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Predictive Studies Using Group Comparison Methods |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (3) |
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181 | (3) |
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Evaluating Descriptive And Predictive Studies |
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184 | (1) |
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Levels Of Evidence For Prognostic Studies |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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Chapter 10 Validity: What Makes a Quantitative Study Strong? |
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189 | (28) |
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190 | (1) |
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Statistical Conclusion Validity |
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190 | (4) |
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Threats to Statistical Conclusion Validity |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (3) |
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194 | (10) |
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Threats to Internal Validity |
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194 | (1) |
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Assignment and Selection Threats |
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194 | (4) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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Regression to the Mean Threats |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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Experimenter and Participant Bias Threats |
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200 | (2) |
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Attrition and Mortality Threats |
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202 | (2) |
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204 | (2) |
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Threats to External Validity |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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Ecological Validity Threats |
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205 | (1) |
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Internal Versus External Validity |
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206 | (2) |
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Using A Scale To Evaluate The Strength Of A Study |
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208 | (4) |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (3) |
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Chapter 11 Qualitative Designs: Exploring the Lived Experience |
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217 | (20) |
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218 | (6) |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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Selection of Participants and Settings |
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219 | (1) |
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Methods of Data Collection |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (3) |
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Qualitative Research Designs |
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224 | (8) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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226 | (2) |
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228 | (3) |
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231 | (1) |
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Finding Qualitative Research |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (2) |
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Chapter 12 Trustworthiness of Qualitative Studies |
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237 | (14) |
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Properties Of Strong Qualitative Studies |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (4) |
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239 | (1) |
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Interview Questions and Interviewing Skills |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (3) |
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243 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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Matching Methods With The Purpose And Research Design |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (2) |
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Chapter 13 Using Tools to Synthesize the Results of Multiple Studies: Systematic Reviews and Practice Guidelines |
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251 | (24) |
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252 | (6) |
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Finding Systematic Reviews |
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252 | (1) |
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Reading Systematic Reviews |
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253 | (1) |
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Evaluating the Strength of Systematic Reviews |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (3) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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Data Analysis In Systematic Reviews |
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258 | (5) |
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258 | (4) |
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Qualitative Thematic Synthesis |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (6) |
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Finding Practice Guidelines |
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266 | (1) |
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Evaluating the Strength of Practice Guidelines |
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266 | (3) |
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The Complexities Of Applying And Using Systematic Reviews And Practice Guidelines |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (3) |
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Chapter 14 Sharing Evidence With Clients, Families, and Colleagues |
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275 | (18) |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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Education And Communication |
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278 | (8) |
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Components of the Process |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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Engaging the Client in the Process |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (2) |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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Resources for Shared Decision Making |
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283 | (3) |
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Sharing Information With Colleagues |
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286 | (3) |
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286 | (2) |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (2) |
Appendix A Critically Appraised Paper (CAP) Template |
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293 | (2) |
Glossary |
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295 | (8) |
Index |
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303 | |