This book chronicles the evolution of hematology in India over five decades, detailing its emergence from internal medicine and pathology to a distinct discipline. It covers a broad spectrum of hematologic diseases, including anemias, thalassemia, platelet disorders, leukemias, and lymphomas, highlighting contributions from various departments and institutions. The text delves into technological advances like flow cytometry, cytogenetics, molecular diagnostics, and genome sequencing, which have enabled evidence-based treatments and innovative therapies such as immunotherapy, CAR-T cell therapy, and gene therapy. These advancements have also spurred high-quality research and international collaborations. The book underscores the significant impact of introducing superspecialty courses (DM and DNB) in hematology, which helped cultivate a robust community of trained hematologists in India. Drawing from my long association with the field, it offers insights into the past, present, and future of hematology in India, celebrating the dedicated individuals who have shaped its progress.