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El. knyga: Evolution Science and Ethics in the Third Millennium: Challenges and Choices for Humankind

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  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 10-Jan-2018
  • Leidėjas: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319730905
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Evolution Science and Ethics in the Third Millennium: Challenges and Choices for HumankindDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 10-Jan-2018
  • Leidėjas: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319730905
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The book aims to revitalise the interdisciplinary debate about evolutionary ethics and substantiate the idea that evolution science can provide a rational and robust framework for understanding morality. It also traces pathways for knowledge-based choices to be made about directions for future long-term biological evolution and cultural development in view of adaptation to the expected, probable and possible future and the ecological sustainability of our planetary environment The authors discuss ethical challenges associated with the major biosocial sources of human variation: individual variation, inter-personal variation, inter-group variation, and inter-generational variation. This book approaches the long-term challenges of the human species in a holistic way. Researchers will find an extensive discussion of the key theoretical scientific aspects of the relationship between evolution and morality. Policy makers will find information that can help them better understand from where we are coming and inspire them to make choices and take actions in a longer-term perspective. The general public will find food for thoughts.

1 Setting the Stage for Reflecting on a Universal Morality
1(20)
1.1 Evolution Science
1(9)
1.1.1 The Darwinian Revolution
2(1)
1.1.2 The Modern Evolutionary Synthesis
3(2)
1.1.3 The Molecular-Genetic Revolution
5(1)
1.1.4 The Second Darwinian Revolution
5(5)
1.2 The Hominisation Process
10(4)
1.3 The Modernisation Process
14(3)
1.4 Confronting Hominisation with Modernisation
17(2)
1.5 The Time Dimension: The Third Millennium
19(2)
2 Origin and Evolution of Morality
21(66)
2.1 Evolutionary Mechanisms Producing Predispositions to Morality
21(23)
2.1.1 Mutation
22(2)
2.1.2 Selection
24(18)
2.1.3 Migration
42(1)
2.1.4 Genetic and Cultural Drift
42(1)
2.1.5 Partner Choice
43(1)
2.2 Evolutionary Background of Morality
44(43)
2.2.1 A Brief Review of Evolutionary Ethics Theory
45(14)
2.2.2 Biological Bases of Morality: Natural Needs and Drives
59(2)
2.2.3 Evolutionary Causes of Human Morality
61(5)
2.2.4 Major Stages in the Evolution and Historical Development of Morality and Content of Moral Systems
66(8)
2.2.5 Biological Determinants of Moral Behaviour
74(7)
2.2.6 Why Variability in Moral Behaviour?
81(3)
2.2.7 Moral Ambiguity of the Evolutionary Mechanism
84(3)
3 Adaptive and Maladaptive Features of Religious Beliefs as Sources of Morality
87(68)
3.1 Introduction
87(1)
3.2 Notions and Concepts
88(8)
3.2.1 Religion
88(1)
3.2.2 God
89(1)
3.2.3 Religiosity
90(2)
3.2.4 Spirituality
92(1)
3.2.5 Relations Between Religiosity, Spirituality and Morality
93(3)
3.3 Origin and Evolution of Religion/Religiosity/Spirituality
96(14)
3.3.1 Earliest Signs of Religion/Religiosity/Spirituality
97(1)
3.3.2 Kinship-Based/Tribal Religions
98(1)
3.3.3 Organised or World Religions
98(12)
3.4 Some Anthropological Questions and Paradoxes About Religions as Sources of Morality
110(3)
3.5 Biological Determinants of Religiosity and Spirituality
113(7)
3.5.1 Genetics of Religiosity and Spirituality
113(3)
3.5.2 Neurological Basis of Religiosity and Spirituality
116(4)
3.6 Evolutionary Advantages and Disadvantages of Religion
120(17)
3.6.1 Proximate Advantages of Religion in the Pre-scientific Era
121(7)
3.6.2 Ultimate Advantages of Religion in the Pre-scientific Era
128(1)
3.6.3 Place of Religious Beliefs and Religions in Modernisation
129(6)
3.6.4 Is God Redundant?
135(2)
3.7 Science and Religion
137(18)
3.7.1 Creationism, Creation Science and Intelligent Design
144(9)
3.7.2 Challenges for Replacing Religion by Science as the Source of Morality
153(2)
4 Challenges of Major Secular Ideologies
155(34)
4.1 Introduction
155(4)
4.1.1 Secularisation
156(2)
4.1.2 Atheism
158(1)
4.2 The Major Secular Ideologies of Modernity
159(26)
4.2.1 Liberalism
159(6)
4.2.2 Socialism
165(4)
4.2.3 Feminism
169(6)
4.2.4 Nationalism
175(2)
4.2.5 Humanism
177(5)
4.2.6 Ecologism
182(3)
4.3 Constraints of Secular Ideologies as Sources of Universal Morality
185(4)
4.3.1 The Fragmented Nature of Secular Ideologies
186(1)
4.3.2 The Short-Term Approach of Secular Ideologies
187(1)
4.3.3 The Macro-level Approach of Secular Ideologies
187(2)
5 Evolution-Based Universal Morality
189(52)
5.1 Need for a Universal and Inclusive Morality
189(3)
5.2 Rationale for Evolution-Based Ethical Choices
192(3)
5.3 Evolution-Based General Ethical Pursuits
195(44)
5.3.1 Ethical Prerequirements
195(7)
5.3.2 The Main Aim: The Phylogenetic Enhancement of the Hominisation Process
202(29)
5.3.3 General Ethical Derivations from a Progressing Hominisation
231(8)
5.4 Evolutionary-Based Specific Ethical Challenges Related to Sources of Biological Variability
239(2)
6 Evolution-Based Ethical Challenges Related to Individual Variability
241(64)
6.1 Introduction
241(1)
6.2 Age Variability
242(13)
6.2.1 Evolutionary Background of Growth and Senescence
242(1)
6.2.2 Developments in Modernity Regarding Age Variability
243(4)
6.2.3 Ethical Reflections Regarding Age Variability in Modernity
247(8)
6.3 Sex Variability
255(19)
6.3.1 Evolutionary Background of Sex Variability
255(8)
6.3.2 Changes of Sex Relations in Modernity
263(7)
6.3.3 Ethical Reflections Regarding Sex Variability in Modernity
270(4)
6.4 Individual Variability in General
274(11)
6.4.1 Evolutionary Background of Individual Variability
275(1)
6.4.2 Developments in Modernity Regarding Individual Variability
276(4)
6.4.3 Ethical Reflections Regarding Individual Variability
280(5)
6.5 Interpersonal Relations
285(20)
6.5.1 Evolutionary Background of Interpersonal Relations
285(7)
6.5.2 Interpersonal Relations in Modernity
292(9)
6.5.3 Ethical Reflections Regarding Interpersonal Relations
301(4)
7 Evolution-Based Ethical Challenges Related to Group Relations
305(32)
7.1 Introduction
305(1)
7.2 Kinship and Family
306(9)
7.2.1 Evolutionary Background of Family Variability
306(3)
7.2.2 Family Variability in Modernity
309(3)
7.2.3 Ethical Reflections About Family Variability in Modernity
312(3)
7.3 Social Status Hierarchies
315(7)
7.3.1 Evolutionary Background of Social Status Hierarchies
315(2)
7.3.2 Developments in Modernity Regarding Social Status Allocation
317(2)
7.3.3 Ethical Reflections Regarding Social Status Acquisition
319(3)
7.4 Race, Ethnicity, Worldview, and Political Conviction
322(6)
7.4.1 Evolutionary Background of In-Group/Out-Group Relations
323(3)
7.4.2 Developments in Modernity of In-Group/Out-Group Relations
326(1)
7.4.3 Ethical Reflections About In-Group/Out-Group Relations
326(2)
7.5 Competition and Cooperation Between States
328(9)
7.5.1 Evolutionary Background of Relations Between States
328(3)
7.5.2 Developments of Relations Between States in Modernity
331(1)
7.5.3 Ethical Reflections about Relations between States
332(5)
8 Evolution-Based Ethical Challenges Related to Intergenerational Replacement
337(58)
8.1 Introduction
337(1)
8.2 Quantitative Issues Regarding Reproductive Behaviour
338(19)
8.2.1 Evolutionary Background of Population Growth
338(2)
8.2.2 Demographic Developments in Modernity
340(8)
8.2.3 Ethical Reflections Regarding Population Growth
348(9)
8.3 Qualitative Issues Regarding Reproductive Behaviour
357(36)
8.3.1 Evolutionary Background of Qualitative Intergenerational Changes
358(1)
8.3.2 Qualitative Reproductive Developments in Modernity
358(13)
8.3.3 Ethical Reflections Regarding Qualitative Reproductive Issues
371(22)
8.4 Complementarity of Quantitative and Qualitative Reproductive Goals
393(2)
9 Conclusions and Final Reflections
395(14)
9.1 Ideological Conflicts in the Modern World and the Need for a Universal Ethic
395(1)
9.2 Evolution-Based General Ethical Goals for the Future
396(4)
9.2.1 Preservation of Ecological Sustainability
397(1)
9.2.2 The Cultural Furtherance of the Modernisation Process
397(1)
9.2.3 Phylogenetic Enhancement of the Hominisation Process
398(1)
9.2.4 The Ontogenetic Development of Human-Specific Potentialities
398(1)
9.2.5 The Promotion of Quality of Life
398(1)
9.2.6 The Promotion of Equity
399(1)
9.2.7 The Necessary Shift from Competitive Towards Cooperative Behaviour
399(1)
9.2.8 The Promotion of Universalism
399(1)
9.3 Evolution-Based Specific Ethical Challenges
400(1)
9.4 Reconciling Religious and Secular Ideologies and Evolutionary Goals
400(9)
Bibliography 409
Robert Cliquet is emeritus professor in anthropology and social biology at the University of Ghent, and honorary general director of the Population and Family Study Centre (CBGS) in Brussels, a Flemish governmental scientific institute. He has directed or participated in several international research projects in particular in the domain of reproductive behaviour, and population and family development and policy in general. As a consultant to the United Nations and governmental expert, he was involved in the preparation of the UN world population conferences in 1974, 1984 and 1994. In 1999 he acted as chairman of the United Nations Commission on Population and Development. Between 2000 and 2002 he chaired the European Population Committee (CAHP) of the Council of Europe. During many years he was involved in activities of adult education. He has published close to 200 scientific papers and several books on population and family issues and on global and regional population policy issues.

Dragana Avramov is currently director of Population and Social Policy Consultants in Brussels. She was formerly director of the Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, University of Belgrade. She has degrees in sociology, cultural anthropology and journalism. She has more than 20 years of experience as researcher in social sciences and humanities. She served as expert for the European Commission, Council of Europe and United Nations, and was evaluator, reviewer, rapporteur, chair of panels and independent observer for the European Commission, and several regional and national scientific evaluation organisations in Europe. She was active in scientific associations and international non-governmental organisations and contributed to grass-root and voluntary organisations working with disadvantaged groups. Her publications include 14 books and over 70 scientific articles in the domain of sociology, demography, population and development, public policies, scientific, policy and social impact of research, and foresight studies.
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