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El. knyga: Evolutionary Perspectives on Pregnancy

  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 15-Jan-2013
  • Leidėjas: Columbia University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780231531450
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  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 15-Jan-2013
  • Leidėjas: Columbia University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780231531450
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Covering both the internal and external incubation of offspring, this book provides a biology-rich survey of the natural history, ecology, genetics, and evolution of pregnancy-like phenomena. From mammals and other live-bearing organisms to viviparous reptiles, male-pregnant fishes, larval-brooding worms, crabs, sea cucumbers, and corals, the world's various species display pregnancy and other forms of parental devotion in surprisingly multifaceted ways. An adult female (or male) can incubate its offspring in a womb, stomach, mouth, vocal sac, gill chamber, epithelial pouch, backpack, leg pocket, nest, or an encasing of embryos, and by studying these diverse examples from a comparative vantage point, the ecological and evolutionary-genetic outcomes of different reproductive models become fascinatingly clear.

John C. Avise discusses each mode of pregnancy and the decipherable genetic signatures it has left on the reproductive structures, physiologies, and innate sexual behaviors of extant species. By considering the many biological aspects of gestation from different evolutionary angles, Avise offers captivating new insights into the significance of "heavy" parental investment in progeny.

Recenzijos

John C. Avise, one of the greatest naturalists and evolutionary biologists of the modern era, takes us on a fascinating journey through the amazing diversity of pregnancy-related phenomena in the natural world. His engaging prose is punctuated by wonderful illustrations and startling factoids. Throughout, he weaves an evolutionary backstory and produces a comprehensive survey of reproductive modes in a vast array of organisms. The result is a book that should be high on the reading list of anyone interested in reproductive biology or the evolution of parental care. -- Adam Jones, Texas A&M University Evolutionary Perspectives on Pregnancy is chock-full of surprises. In addition to pregnant mammals, you will find pregnant fishes and reptiles, mollusks and sea urchins, and even worms and insects. You will find pregnant males as well. I don't know of any other book where one could find all this remarkable information, biologically significant and evolution-enlightening. Delightful and informative tidbits from mythology, literature, and history appear on virtually every page. -- Francisco J. Ayala, University of California, Irvine Avise distills an enormous body of research into a lucid presentation of two themes. One is the remarkably diverse natural history of pregnancy, which includes oddities like male pregnancy in seahorses or mother frogs that incubate tadpoles in their stomachs, thus equating regurgitation with birth. The second is the current scientific thinking for the evolution of this diversity. Avise emphasizes that pregnancy is not the product of an adaptive, harmonious relationship between mother and offspring; it is instead shaped by conflicts between fathers, mothers, and offspring. -- David Reznick, author of The "Origin" Then and Now: An Interpretive Guide to the "Origin of Species" An excellent read for anyone interested in one of the most basic mechanisms of natural selection... Highly recommended. Choice Comprehensive... Beautifully crafted and considerate. The Biologist ... Avise has painstakingly compiled a vast amount of information and skillfully organized and presented it in words that anyone of average intelligence can understand. We commend him for a well-researched, highly readable, and wonderfully delightful book. BizIndia Book Reviews A fun read, full of interesting natural history, and insights into evolutionary patterns and processes... This one will remain within arm's length on my desk as I prepare next quarter's lectures. -- Vincent J. Lynch Ecology

Daugiau informacijos

Winner of Choice Outstanding Academic Title 2013.
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
Part I Distribution and Diversity of Pregnancy 1(148)
One One Generation Inside Another
3(34)
The Sexual Life Cycle
5(10)
Gametogenesis
6(5)
Gamete Deployment
11(2)
Syngamy
13(1)
Ontogeny and Pregnancy
13(2)
Ontogenetic and Evolutionary Gradations of Pregnancy
15(2)
Location of Fertilization
16(1)
Nature of Parturition
16(1)
Embryonic Provisioning and Parental Care
16(1)
Viviparous Pregnancy in the Reproductive Timeline
17(1)
Heterochrony
18(3)
Some Unorthodox Routes to Internal Pregnancy
21(5)
Internal Gestation Following External Fertilization
21(2)
Virgin Births: Internal Gestation Without Sex
23(3)
Sexual Inequalities and Female Authority Over Reproduction
26(4)
Provision Ova with Substantive Yolk?
28(1)
Accept Sperm for Internal Fertilization?
29(1)
Encase Embryo in Egg?
29(1)
Give Birth to Live Young?
30(1)
Entrust Offspring Care to Males?
30(1)
Other Sexual Asymmetries Related to Biological Parenthood
30(1)
Assurance of Maternity
31(1)
Assessment of Paternity
31(1)
Evolutionary Reconstructions
31(2)
Summary
33(4)
Two Vertebrate Live-Bearers: The Borne and the Born
37(34)
Viviparity
37(1)
Evolutionary Origins
38(1)
Developmental Sequences
39(1)
Trophic Relationships Between Mother and Fetus
40(1)
The Cast of Viviparous Vertebrates
41(26)
Bony Fishes
41(13)
Cartilaginous Fishes
54(5)
Fossil Fishes
59(1)
Amphibians
60(2)
Reptiles
62(3)
Mammals
65(2)
Summary
67(4)
Three Vertebrate Alternatives to Standard Pregnancy
71(22)
Oviparity: The Borne and the Hatched
71(3)
What Kinds of Eggs Are Shed?
72(1)
What Is the State of the Offspring at Parturition?
73(1)
What Type of Casing Surrounds the Egg?
73(1)
The Cast of Oviparous Vertebrates
74(8)
Birds
74(3)
Bony Fishes
77(1)
Cartilaginous Fishes
77(1)
Amphibians
77(2)
Reptiles
79(1)
Mammals
80(2)
Intermediate Conditions and Evolutionary Transitions
82(9)
Ovoviviparity
83(3)
Evolutionary Conversions
86(5)
Summary
91(2)
Four Nonvertebrate Brooders
93(32)
The Cast of Players
94(19)
Annelida
95(2)
Platyhehninthes
97(1)
Cnidaria
98(2)
Bryozoa
100(1)
Echinodermata
101(1)
Mollosca
102(5)
Arthropods
107(6)
Urochordata
113(1)
Plants
113(1)
Evolutionary Transitions
113(6)
Planktotrophy to Lecithotrophy
114(2)
Onward to Female Brooding
116(2)
Onward to Paternal Care of Offspring
118(1)
Conflicts Promoted by Brooding
119(1)
Sibling Conflict
119(1)
Parent-Offspring Conflict
119(1)
Parent-Parent Conflict
120(1)
Genetic Parentage Assessments
120(2)
Summary
122(3)
Five Human Pregnancy in Mythology and in Real Life
125(24)
Conception and Contraception
127(2)
Extracorporeal Fertilization
129(1)
Superfetation
130(1)
Twinning or Multibirth Pregnancy
131(2)
Ectopic Pregnancy
133(1)
From Preterm Labor to Prolonged Pregnancy
134(1)
Spontaneous Abortion
135(1)
Induced Abortion and Infanticide
136(1)
Cesarean Section
137(2)
Precocious Puberty
139(1)
Standard Vaginal Delivery
140(2)
The Placenta
142(3)
Menopause
145(1)
Male Pregnancy
145(1)
Summary
146(3)
Part II Evolutionary Ramifications of Pregnancy 149(92)
Six Natural Selection During Mammalian Pregnancy
151(34)
Delayed Implantation
151(3)
Polyembryony
154(7)
Sporadic
155(1)
Constitutive
155(6)
Dizygotic Twinning
161(3)
Cooperation and Conflict Within the Nuclear Family
164(2)
Evolutionary Conflict in Mother-Offspring Relations
166(8)
Common Medical Problems During Pregnancy,
168(2)
Immunological Challenges
170(2)
Infanticide
172(1)
Menstruation
173(1)
Other Categories of Conflict
174(8)
Sibling Competition
174(2)
Parental Conflicts and Genetic Imprinting
176(6)
Summary
182(3)
Seven Sexual Selection and Piscine Pregnancy
185(34)
Anisogamy, Sexual Selection, and Animal Mating Behaviors
185(4)
Categories of Sexual Selection
189(3)
Intragender Versus Intergender
189(2)
Female Choice Versus Mole Choice
191(1)
Precopulatory Versus Postcopulatory Female Choice
192(1)
Female Pregnancy and Traditional Female Choice
192(3)
Internal Male Pregnancy
195(9)
Evolutionary Origins
195(4)
Brood Pouch Designs
199(2)
Genetic Parentage Analyses
201(3)
External Pregnancy
204(12)
Oral Brooding
205(2)
Nest Tending by Males
207(2)
Cuckoldry and Alternative Reproductive Tactics
209(3)
Multiple Mating by Bourgeois Males
212(1)
Other Routes to Foster Parentage
212(1)
Egg Mimicry
212(3)
Filial Cannibalism
215(1)
Summary
216(3)
Eight Pregnancy in a Comparative Light
219(22)
Sexual Selection and Multiple Mating by the Pregnant Gender
220(13)
Fishes with Alternative Pregnancy Modes
226(2)
Fishes Versus Mammals
228(1)
Invertebrates Versus Vertebrates
229(4)
Natural Selection Stemming from Pregnancy and Brooding
233(4)
Gestation as Parental Investment
233(2)
Alternative Brooding Modes
235(1)
Other Contrarian Selective Pressures
236(1)
Conflict and Mating Systems
237(1)
Footprints of Selection or Phylogeny?
237(1)
Summary
237(4)
Epilogue 241(2)
Appendix: Molecular-Genetic Parentage Analysis 243(12)
Glossary 255(20)
References Cited 275(38)
Index 313
John C. Avise is a Distinguished Professor at the University of California, Irvine, and an elected member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society. He is also the author of Hermaphroditism: A Primer on the Biology, Ecology, and Evolution of Dual Sexuality.