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El. knyga: Exploring the Mandatory Life Sentence for Murder

(University of Oxford, UK),
  • Formatas: 196 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 19-Oct-2012
  • Leidėjas: Hart Publishing
  • ISBN-13: 9781782250258
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: 196 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 19-Oct-2012
  • Leidėjas: Hart Publishing
  • ISBN-13: 9781782250258
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England and Wales abolished the death penalty for murder but set up a mandatory life sentence as part of the Homicide Act of 1957 and the Murder Act of 1965. Through a comprehensive survey, Mitchell (criminal law and criminal justice, Coventry U., UK) and Roberts (criminology, U. of Oxford, UK) assess public attitude toward this aspect of criminal justice and report on it here. The book then closes with a series of recommendations. It begins with tables of cases and statutory provisions from England and Wales, and closes with an appendix that shows the survey instrument used in conducting the study. Distributed in the US by ISBS. Annotation ©2013 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Murder is often regarded as both the "ultimate" and a unique crime; and whereas courts are normally given discretion in sentencing offenders, for murder, the sentence is mandatory - indeterminate imprisonment. Since the crime and the punishment come as a "package deal," this book looks at both the legal nature of the offense and the current operation of the mandatory life sentence in the UK. Not only does the book adopt a critical approach, by assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the status quo, but it also draws upon comparative material from both common and civil law jurisdictions in an attempt to provide a comprehensive exploration of these issues. The need for public confidence in the criminal justice system is particularly acute in the way it deals with the most serious homicides. The book reports on findings from Britain's first systematic exploration of public attitudes to sentencing murder. The picture of public opinion emerging from this recent, large-scale, nationwide qualitative and quantitative survey, funded by the Nuffield Foundation, is likely to surprise many, and will be of interest to all jurisdictions where the mandatory life sentence for murder has been questioned.

Recenzijos

Mitchell and Roberts have provided us with an excellent review and an intellectually persuasive case. -- Rod Morgan * Cambridge Law Journal Volume 72, 2 *

Foreword v
Acknowledgements ix
Table of Cases
xv
Table of Statutory Provisions
xvii
Introduction 1(4)
Overview
2(1)
The Argument
2(1)
Overview of the Volume
3(2)
1 Defining Murder and Other Forms of Criminal Homicide
5(20)
Overview
5(1)
I Some Preliminary Considerations
6(2)
II The Law's Reflection of the Seriousness of Homicides
8(5)
III The Most Serious Forms of Criminal Homicide as Defined by Other Jurisdictions
13(3)
IV The Over-inclusivity and Under-inclusivity of Murder in England and Wales
16(7)
V Conclusions
23(2)
2 Origins of the Mandatory Life Sentence for Murder
25(11)
Overview
25(1)
I The Abolition of the Death Penalty
25(10)
II Conclusion
35(1)
3 The Mandatory Life Sentence for Murder: the Status Quo
36(19)
Overview
36(1)
I The Evolution of the Mandatory Life Sentence
36(3)
II The Legal Construction of the Mandatory Life Sentence
39(9)
III The Meaning of Life: The Mandatory Life Sentence in Practice
48(2)
IV Release of Mandatory Lifers on Licence
50(4)
V Conclusions
54(1)
4 Making the Case For and Against the Mandatory Life Sentence
55(11)
Overview
55(1)
I The Uniqueness of Murder
55(1)
II The Consequences of the Law's Failure to Ensure that Murder is Uniquely Heinous
56(2)
III The Need to Maintain Public Confidence in the Criminal Justice System
58(2)
IV Public Protection and Dangerousness
60(2)
V The Need to Distinguish between Murder and Manslaughter
62(1)
VI Problems in Assessing the Correct Length of Determinate Sentences
62(1)
VII Further Reasons for Abandoning the Mandatory Life Sentence
63(2)
VIII Conclusions
65(1)
5 Public Knowledge of Trends in Crime and Punishment
66(22)
Overview
66(1)
I Why are Public Views Relevant?
66(3)
II Why Has the Subject been Overlooked?
69(1)
III Deficiencies of Opinion Polls as a Measure of Public Opinion
70(2)
IV Murder as a Special Case
72(1)
V Surveys of Attitudes to the Death Penalty
73(1)
VI Our Research
74(2)
VII Public Knowledge of Murder Trends and the Mandatory Life Sentence
76(2)
VIII Murder Trends in England and Wales: Perceptions and Reality
78(3)
IX Perceptions of Time Served in Prison by Offenders Convicted of Murder
81(3)
X Public Estimates of Life Licence Re-offending Statistics
84(2)
XI Knowledge Levels of the Mandatory Life Sentence in Focus Groups
86(1)
XII Conclusions
86(2)
6 Public Attitudes to Sentencing in Cases of Murder
88(18)
Overview
88(1)
I Poll Trends in Attitudes to Sentencing for Murder
88(2)
II Previous Research on Public Attitudes to Sentencing in Cases of Murder
90(1)
III Purposes of Sentencing
91(1)
IV Perceptions of Sentencing Leniency
92(1)
V Public Reaction to Sentencing in Specific Cases of Murder
93(7)
VI Public Reaction to `Joint Enterprise' Murder
100(3)
VII Comparisons with Other Jurisdictions
103(2)
VIII Conclusions
105(1)
7 Exploring the Relationship between Information and Attitudes to Sentencing
106(11)
Overview
106(1)
I Effects of Information on Attitudes: Some Prior Research Findings
107(9)
II Conclusion
116(1)
8 Reforming the Sentence for Murder: the Way Forward
117(26)
Introduction
117(1)
I The Case Against the Status Quo
117(1)
II Objectives of the Scheme
118(1)
III Some assumptions Underlying the Model
119(1)
IV Towards a More Principled Sentencing Regime
119(2)
V Three Sentence Categories: (I) Life Without Parole; (II) Life With Parole; (III) Fixed Terms of Imprisonment
121(15)
VI Judicial Discretion
136(2)
VII A Necessary Procedural Adjustment
138(1)
VIII Mitigating Factors
139(1)
IX Sentence Reduction for a Guilty Plea
140(1)
X Public Legal Education
141(1)
XI Coda
141(2)
Appendix A Comparative Approaches to the Definition and Sentencin of Murder 143(10)
Appendix B Comparison of Schedule 21 with the Practice Direction 153(3)
Appendix C Survey Instrument 156(7)
Bibliography 163(8)
Index 171
Barry Mitchell is Professor of Criminal Law and Criminal Justice at Coventry University. Julian V Roberts is Professor of Criminology at the University of Oxford.