List of Tables |
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ix | |
Preface |
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xi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xiii | |
Author |
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xv | |
Introduction |
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xvii | |
1 A Framework to Analyze the Impact of Social Media Propaganda on Intolerance, Extremism, and Radicalization in Society |
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1 | (22) |
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1.1 Propaganda Comes in Many Forms |
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1 | (4) |
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1.2 Practical Methods for Identifying Propaganda |
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5 | (2) |
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1.3 Understanding Extremists and Extremism |
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7 | (3) |
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1.4 Radicalization and Propaganda |
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10 | (2) |
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1.5 Social Media and Propaganda Consumption |
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12 | (2) |
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1.6 The Relationship between Television and Violence |
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14 | (4) |
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1.7 Countering Propaganda in Social Media |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
2 Social Media Propaganda and the Political Electoral Process |
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23 | (26) |
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2.1 Russian Propaganda Activities in the 2016 U.S. Elections |
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23 | (4) |
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2.2 Google Testifies before U.S. Congress |
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27 | (2) |
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2.3 Facebook Testifies before U.S. Congress |
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29 | (5) |
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2.4 Twitter Testifies before U.S. Congress |
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34 | (7) |
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41 | (4) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (2) |
3 Government Institutional Response to Social Media Propaganda, Extremism, and Radicalization |
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49 | (22) |
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3.1 Mobilizing to Combat Violent Extremism |
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49 | (3) |
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3.2 Research and Analysis to Countering Violent Extremism |
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52 | (4) |
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3.3 Department of Homeland Security Grant Opportunities |
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56 | (2) |
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3.4 Homeland Security Academic Advisory Council |
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58 | (3) |
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3.5 The U.S. Department of Justice Fighting Terrorism for Decades |
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61 | (3) |
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3.6 General Accountability Office Evaluation of U.S. Government Countering Violent Extremism Efforts |
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64 | (3) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (3) |
4 Military Response to Social Media Propaganda-Driven Extremism and Radicalization |
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71 | (10) |
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4.1 Addressing the Threat of Insider Radicalization |
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71 | (4) |
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4.2 Military Anti-Terrorism Activities beyond the Insider Threat |
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75 | (1) |
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4.3 Military Efforts to Counter Extremist Propaganda |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (2) |
5 The Impact of Social Media Extremist Propaganda on Law Enforcement |
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81 | (18) |
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5.1 Training for Collecting and Examining Extremist Propaganda |
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81 | (4) |
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5.2 Monitoring Social Media Propaganda for Law Enforcement |
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85 | (2) |
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5.3 Joint Terrorism Task Forces |
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87 | (1) |
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5.4 Law Enforcement and Justice System Personnel Can Be Extremists |
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88 | (4) |
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5.5 Anti-Cop versus Pro-Cop Propaganda in Social Media |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (3) |
6 The Corporate Extremist Propaganda Machine |
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99 | (16) |
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6.1 The Corporate Extremist Propaganda Culture |
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99 | (2) |
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6.2 The Case of Big Tobacco |
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101 | (6) |
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6.3 Corporations Are Seen as Terrorist Organizations |
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107 | (2) |
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6.4 Corporate Propaganda in the Classroom |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (3) |
7 Extremist Propaganda and Recruitment Targeting Youth |
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115 | (18) |
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7.1 Students as Recruitment Targets |
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115 | (3) |
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7.2 Hate and Violence Are Parts of Life for Youth in the U.S. |
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118 | (3) |
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7.3 Don't Be a Puppet: Pull Back the Curtain on Violent Extremism Website |
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121 | (5) |
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7.4 Gangs as Extremist Groups |
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126 | (4) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (2) |
8 Electronic Aggression or Free Speech |
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133 | (12) |
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8.1 The Rise of Electronic Aggression |
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133 | (2) |
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8.2 Electronic Aggression Models |
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135 | (1) |
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8.3 Electronic Aggression at the Tribal Level |
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136 | (1) |
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8.4 The Electronic Aggression of White Nationalism |
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137 | (2) |
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8.5 Extremist Religious Propaganda in the U.S. |
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139 | (1) |
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8.6 Extremist Propaganda through Censorship |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (3) |
9 Countering Extremist Anti-Science Propaganda |
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145 | (22) |
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9.1 The Anti-Science Movement Gained Momentum over Many Years |
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145 | (1) |
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9.2 Educational Attainment in the U.S |
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146 | (3) |
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9.3 Countering Extremist Anti-Vaccine Social Media Propaganda |
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149 | (1) |
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9.4 Extremist Anti-Climate Change Science Propaganda |
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150 | (3) |
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9.5 Anti-Fetal Tissue Research Extremist Propaganda |
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153 | (2) |
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9.6 Ethics and Codes of Conduct Violations in the U.S. Government |
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155 | (5) |
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9.7 Survey of Public Attitudes toward and Understanding of Science and Technology |
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160 | (2) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (4) |
10 Observations on the Distribution of Extremist Propaganda |
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167 | (18) |
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10.1 The Whirlpool of Extremist Propaganda |
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167 | (2) |
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10.2 Extremist Propaganda Gets Funneled |
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169 | (1) |
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10.3 The Power of Rallies and Mass Events |
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170 | (3) |
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10.4 Homeschooling Can Funnel Extremist Propaganda |
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173 | (1) |
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10.5 Charter and Private Schools and the Perpetuation of Propaganda |
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174 | (3) |
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10.6 Extremist Propaganda in Closed Societies |
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177 | (2) |
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10.7 Mental Health Conditions and Extremist Propaganda |
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179 | (3) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (2) |
11 Ten Reasons Why Propaganda Works |
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185 | (12) |
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11.1 The Ten Reasons Propaganda Works So Well |
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185 | (2) |
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11.2 Blissfulness and Consistency |
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187 | (1) |
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11.3 Lack of Knowledge, Confusion, and Laziness |
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188 | (1) |
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11.4 Repetition, Familiarity, and Acceptance |
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189 | (2) |
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11.5 Groups, Peers, and Belonging |
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191 | (2) |
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11.6 The Reason This Is Important |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (2) |
Glossary of Key Terms |
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197 | (6) |
Index |
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203 | |