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Fenner and White's Medical Virology 5th edition [Kietas viršelis]

(professor, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston.), (University of Birmingham, UK), (School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia)
  • Formatas: Hardback, 604 pages, aukštis x plotis: 276x216 mm, weight: 1860 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 15-Dec-2016
  • Leidėjas: Academic Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 012375156X
  • ISBN-13: 9780123751560
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Hardback, 604 pages, aukštis x plotis: 276x216 mm, weight: 1860 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 15-Dec-2016
  • Leidėjas: Academic Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 012375156X
  • ISBN-13: 9780123751560
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:

Medical Virology first appeared in 1970 and was immediately hailed as a classic. The Fifth Edition has been completely updated, substantially rewritten, and considerably expanded. Recognizing that from its beginning virology has been intertwined with many related sciences, Medical Virology provides an integrated view of related sciences from cell biology to medical epidemiology and human social behaviour. The perspective represented by this book, of medical virology as an infectious disease science, is meant to provide a starting point, an anchor, for those who must relate the subject to clinical practice, public health practice, scholarly research and other endeavours.

Medical Virology presents detailed exposition on the properties of viruses, how viruses replicate and how viruses cause disease. These chapters are then followed by an overview of the principles of diagnosis, epidemiology and how virus infections can be controlled. This first section is concluded by a discussion on emergence and attempts to predict the next major public health challenges. These form a guide for delving into the specific diseases of interest to the reader as described in Part II.

This lucid and concise yet comprehensive text is admirably suited to the needs not only of advanced students of science and medicine but also particularly of postgraduate students, teachers, and research workers in all areas of virology.

  • Features updated and expanded coverage of pathogenesis and immunity
  • Contains the latest laboratory diagnostic methods
  • Provides insight into clinical features of human viral disease, vaccines, chemotherapy, epidemiology and control

Daugiau informacijos

Thoroughly revised classic virology text that provides an updated view on viruses, from their molecular origins, to public health challenges
Foreword xvii
Preface xix
Part I Principles of Virology
1 History and Impact of Virology
Why Study Virology?
3(1)
A Brief History of Virology
4(5)
The Virosphere
9(1)
The Nature of Viruses
10(3)
Scope of This Book
13(1)
Further Reading
14(1)
2 Classification of Viruses and Phylogenetic Relationships
Viral Taxonomy
15(7)
Viral Nomenclature
22(1)
Formal Usage
22(1)
Informal Usage
22(1)
Groupings of Viruses on the Basis of Epidemiological Criteria
23(1)
Taxonomy and the Causal Relationship Between Virus and Disease
23(2)
Genome Sequencing and Virus Evolution
25(1)
Further Reading
25(2)
3 Virion Structure and Composition
Physical Methods for Studying Virus Structure
27(2)
Electron Microscopy
27(1)
X-Ray Crystallography of Viruses
28(1)
Chemical Composition of Virions
29(4)
Viral Nucleic Acids
30(2)
Viral Proteins
32(1)
Viral Envelope Lipids
33(1)
Viral Envelope Proteins
33(1)
Virion Symmetry
33(4)
Icosahedral Symmetry
34(1)
Helical Symmetry
35(1)
The Function of Viral Capsids and Envelopes
35(1)
Stability of Viral Infectivity
36(1)
Further Reading
37(2)
4 Virus Replication
Growth of Viruses
39(2)
The Virus Replication Cycle
41(12)
Attachment
42(1)
Penetration and Uncoating
43(2)
Replication of Viral Nucleic Acids
45(2)
Overview of Viral Gene Expression Strategies
47(2)
Regulatory Genes and Post-transcriptional Processing
49(2)
Assembly and Release
51(2)
Satellite Viruses and Viroids
53(1)
Hepatitis Delta Virus
53(1)
Generation of Genetic Diversity
53(1)
Quantitative Virus Assays
53(1)
Defective Interfering Viruses
54(1)
Further Reading
55(2)
5 Innate Immunity
Innate Responses
57(1)
Monocytes, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cells
57(1)
The Role of Natural Killer (NK) Cells and the Link with Adaptive Immunity
58(1)
The Importance of Molecular Recognition
59(1)
Interferons
60(3)
Cell Death and Apoptosis
63(1)
Evasion Strategies
63(1)
Further Reading
64(1)
6 Adaptive Immune Responses to Infection
Overview of the Adaptive Immune Responses to Viral Infection
65(5)
B Lymphocytes
67(1)
T Lymphocytes
67(2)
T Helper (Th) Lymphocytes
69(1)
Cytotoxic T (Tc) Lymphocytes
69(1)
gamma/delta T Lymphocytes
69(1)
The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and Antigen Presentation
70(2)
The Exogenous Pathway of Antigen Presentation
71(1)
The Endogenous Pathway
71(1)
Antibodies
72(1)
Cytokines
73(2)
Recovery from Viral Infection
73(1)
Immune Cytolysis of Virus-Infected Cells
74(1)
Complement
74(1)
Role of Antibody
74(1)
Neutralization of Viral Infectivity by Antibodies
75(1)
Immunity to Reinfection
75(1)
Immunological Memory
76(1)
Further Reading
76(1)
7 Pathogenesis of Virus Infections
The Incoming Virus Inoculum
77(1)
Routes of Entry-A Major Factor Governing the Specific Pattern of Infection
77(5)
Virus Entry via the Respiratory Tract
78(1)
Virus Entry via the Alimentary Tract
78(2)
Virus Entry via the Skin
80(1)
Virus Entry via the Genitourinary Tract
80(1)
Virus Entry via the Eyes
80(1)
Vertical Transmission
81(1)
Mechanisms of Virus Spread Within the Body
82(5)
Local Spread of Virus on Epithelial Surfaces
82(1)
Mechanisms of Virus Spread to Distant Target Organs
83(4)
Virus Infection of Target Organs
87(4)
The Skin as a Target Organ
88(1)
Virus Infection of the Central Nervous System
88(3)
Virus Infection of Other Organs
91(1)
Virus Infection of the Fetus
91(1)
Persistent Virus Infections-Mechanisms Influencing Persistence
91(4)
Reduction or Absence of Either Viral Gene Expression or Cytocidal Activity
93(1)
Evasion of the Immune Response
93(1)
Virus-Induced Immunosuppression
94(1)
Mechanisms of Disease Production
95(5)
Damage to Tissues and Organs Caused by Virus Replication
95(2)
Immunopathology-Cell Damage Caused by Immunological Processes
97(3)
Viruses and Immunosuppression
100(1)
Immunosuppression Caused by Viral Infection
100(1)
Viral Infections in Immunocompromised Patients
100(1)
Viral Virulence and Host Resistance to Infection
100(4)
Genetic Factors Affecting Viral Virulence
101(1)
Host Genetic Factors Affecting Virulence
102(1)
Physiological and Other Host Factors Affecting Virulence
103(1)
Co-Infections
104(1)
Further Reading
104(1)
8 Patterns of Infection
Transient Localized Infections
105(2)
Transient Systemic Infections
107(1)
Persistent Infections
108(1)
Persistent Localized Infections
109(2)
Persistent Systemic Infections
111(8)
Acute Infections with Rare Late Complications
111(1)
Latent Infections with Reactivation
112(4)
Chronic Infections with Ongoing Viral Replication
116(3)
Further Reading
119(2)
9 Mechanisms of Viral Oncogenesis
Definitions and Overview of Virus Transformation
121(2)
Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes
123(3)
Tumor Suppressor Genes
125(1)
Multi-Step Oncogenesis
125(1)
Oncogenesis by Retroviruses
126(2)
Transducing Retroviruses
126(1)
Cis-Activating Retroviruses
127(1)
Trans-Activating Retroviruses
128(1)
Oncogenesis by Small DNA Viruses
128(2)
Tumors Induced by Papillomaviruses
129(1)
Tumors Induced by Polyomaviruses and Adenoviruses
130(1)
Oncogenesis by Large DNA Viruses
130(3)
Epstein-Barr Virus and Burkitt's Lymphoma
131(1)
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Epstein-Barr Virus
132(1)
Lymphoproliferative Disorders (LPD) and Other Tumors
132(1)
Human Herpesvirus 8
132(1)
Tumors Induced by Poxviruses
132(1)
Other Important Viruses Associated with Cancers
133(1)
Hepadnaviruses
133(1)
Hepatitis C Virus
133(1)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
133(1)
The Prevention and Management of Virally Induced Tumors
134(1)
Further Reading
134(1)
10 Laboratory Diagnosis of Virus Diseases
Rationale for Performing Laboratory Virus Diagnosis
135(2)
Collection, Packaging, and Transport of Samples
137(1)
Direct Identification of Virus, Viral Antigen, or Viral Genome
138(8)
Direct Detection of Virions by Electron Microscopy
138(1)
Detection of Viral Antigens
138(4)
Detection of Viral Nucleic Acids
142(4)
Virus Isolation
146(3)
Further Characterization of Viruses Detected
147(2)
Measurement of Serum Antibodies
149(3)
Diagnosis of Acute Infection by Demonstrating a Rise in Antibody
149(1)
Immunoglobulin M Class-Specific Antibody Assays
150(1)
Immunoblotting ("Western Blotting")
150(1)
Applications of Serology
151(1)
Sensitivity and Specificity
152(1)
Interpretation of Laboratory Results
152(1)
Laboratory Safety
153(1)
Further Reading
154(1)
11 Vaccines and Vaccination
Vaccine Design and Production
155(7)
Attenuated Virus Vaccines
156(2)
Inactivated Virus Vaccines
158(1)
Vaccines Produced by Alternative Methods
158(4)
Methods for Enhancing Immunogenicity
162(1)
Vaccine Safety, Efficacy, and Practical Usage
162(1)
Factors Affecting Vaccine Safety
163(2)
Vaccination During Pregnancy
165(1)
Vaccination of Immunocompromised Persons
165(1)
Passive Protection
165(1)
Vaccination Policy and Programs
165(2)
Recently Introduced or Under-Utilized Viral Vaccines
166(1)
Therapeutic Immunization-a Goal for the Future?
167(1)
Commercial Aspects of Vaccine Manufacture
167(1)
Further Reading
167(2)
12 Antiviral Chemotherapy
Strategies for the Development of Antiviral Agents
169(3)
Clinical Application
172(1)
Formulation and Methods of Delivery
172(1)
Emergence of Drug-Resistant Mutants
172(1)
Clinical Strategies
173(1)
Mechanisms of Action and Role of Individual Antiviral Drugs
174(7)
Interferons
174(1)
Blocking Attachment or Fusion
174(1)
Blocking Uncoating-lon Channel Blockers
175(1)
Inhibitors of Viral DNA Polymerase
176(1)
Acycloguanosine (Acyclovir) and Homologs
176(2)
Ganciclovir
178(1)
Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates
178(1)
Trisodium Phosphonoformate (PFA, Foscarnet)
178(1)
Inhibitors of RNA Virus Replication
178(1)
Inhibitors of Reverse Transcriptase
179(1)
Nucleoside Analogs in Hepatitis B
179(1)
Inhibitors of Viral Proteases
180(1)
Direct-acting Antiviral Drugs for Hepatitis C Virus Infection
180(1)
Inhibitors of Viral Integration
180(1)
Neuraminidase Inhibitors
180(1)
Newer Approaches Under Development
181(2)
Virus-Specific Oligonucleotides
181(2)
Inhibitors of Regulatory Proteins
183(1)
Microbicides
183(1)
Further Reading
183(2)
13 Epidemiology of Viral Infections
Mechanisms of Virus Survival
185(1)
Viral Shedding and Routes of Transmission
185(4)
Respiratory and Oropharyngeal Route
186(2)
Gastrointestinal Route
188(1)
Cutaneous Route
188(1)
Genitourinary Route
188(1)
Blood-Borne Route
188(1)
Ophthalmic Route
189(1)
Milk-Borne Route
189(1)
Vertical Transmission
189(1)
No Shedding
189(1)
Factors Affecting the Dynamics of Viral Infections
189(9)
Transmissibility
189(1)
Seasonality
190(4)
Critical Community Size
194(1)
Effects of Immunity
195(1)
Persistent Infections
195(1)
Involvement of Non-human Reservoirs
196(1)
Arthropod Transmission
196(2)
Nosocomial and latrogenic Transmission
198(1)
Epidemiological Investigations
198(4)
Definitions of Disease Activity: Incidence and Prevalence
198(1)
Laboratory Approaches
199(1)
Routine Surveillance
200(1)
Cross-Sectional, Case-Control, Cohort, and Long-Term Population Studies
201(1)
Human Volunteer Studies
201(1)
Outbreak Investigation
202(1)
Mathematical Modeling
202(1)
Epidemiological Parameters
202(1)
Further Reading
203(2)
14 Control, Prevention, and Eradication
Surveillance and Modeling of Virus Diseases
205(2)
Measures to Minimize Transmission
207(3)
Quarantine and Isolation
207(1)
Measures to Reduce Enteric Spread
207(1)
Measures to Reduce Respiratory Spread
208(1)
Measures to Reduce Spread of Sexually Transmitted Infections
208(1)
Measures to Reduce the Spread of Blood-Borne Infections
209(1)
Vector Control
209(1)
Immunization
210(4)
Active Immunization Policy
210(3)
Passive Immunization
213(1)
The WHO Expanded Program on Immunization and Other Initiatives
214(1)
Eradication
214(2)
Bioterrorism
216(1)
Further Reading
216(1)
15 Emerging Virus Diseases
Increased Recognition and Changes in Disease Patterns
217(1)
Factors Affecting Emergence
218(1)
Climate Change
219(1)
Ease of Travel
219(1)
Animals as a Source of Human Diseases
220(4)
Wild Animal Populations
220(2)
Domestic Livestock and Poultry
222(1)
Companion and Captive Animals
223(1)
Prevention and Control
224(1)
Further Reading
225(4)
Part II Specific Virus Diseases of Humans
16 Poxviruses
Properties of Poxviruses
229(3)
Classification
229(1)
Virion Properties
229(3)
Viral Replication
232(1)
Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Orthopoxvirus
232(3)
Vaccinia Virus Infection
232(1)
Human Buffalopox
233(1)
Human Monkeypox
234(1)
Human Cowpox
234(1)
Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Molluscipoxvirus
235(1)
Molluscum Contagiosum
235(1)
Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Yatapoxvirus
236(1)
Human Yabapox and Tanapox
236(1)
Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Parapoxvirus
236(1)
Milker's Nodule
236(1)
Orf
236(1)
Further Reading
236(1)
17 Herpesviruses
Properties of the Viruses
237(5)
Classification
237(1)
Virion Properties
237(3)
Viral Replication
240(2)
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
242(5)
Clinical Features
242(2)
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity
244(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
245(1)
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Therapeutics
246(1)
Prevention and Control
246(1)
Therapeutics
247(1)
Vaccines
247(1)
Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection
247(3)
Clinical Features
248(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
249(1)
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Therapeutics
249(1)
Cytomegalovirus Infection
250(5)
Clinical Features
250(1)
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity
251(2)
Laboratory Diagnosis
253(1)
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Therapeutics
254(1)
Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7 (HHV-6 and HHV-7) Infection
255(1)
Properties of HHV-6 and HHV-7
255(1)
Clinical Features
255(1)
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity
255(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
256(1)
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Therapeutics
256(1)
Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
256(4)
Clinical Features
256(1)
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity
257(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
257(2)
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Therapeutics
259(1)
Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8: Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus) Infection
260(1)
B Virus (Macacine Herpesvirus 1) Infection
261(1)
Further Reading
261(2)
18 Adenoviruses
Classification
263(1)
Properties of Adenoviruses
264(1)
Virus Replication
265(2)
Adenovirus Diseases
267(2)
Clinical Features
267(2)
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity
269(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
270(1)
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, Treatment
270(1)
Adenoviruses as Vectors for the Delivery of Heterologous DNA
271(1)
Further Reading
271(2)
19 Papillomaviruses
Classification
273(1)
Properties of Papillomaviruses
274(1)
Viral Replication
274(3)
Clinical Features
277(2)
Genital Infections
277(1)
Cervical Cancer
277(1)
Respiratory Papillomatosis
277(1)
Oral Infections
278(1)
Skin Warts
278(1)
Pathogenesis and Immunity
279(1)
Natural History of Genital HPV Infection
280(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
280(1)
Epidemiology
281(1)
Treatment and Prevention
282(1)
Further Reading
282(1)
20 Polyomaviruses
Classification, Properties, and Replication
283(1)
Pathogenesis
284(2)
BK Polyomavirus
286(1)
JC Polyomavirus
287(1)
Other Recently Described Human Polyomaviruses
288(1)
Further Reading
288(1)
21 Parvoviruses
Classification
289(1)
Properties of Parvoviridae
289(1)
Viral Replication
290(1)
Parvovirus B19
290(1)
Pathogenesis and Immunity
290(3)
Clinical Features
293(1)
Erythema Infectiosum
293(1)
Transient Aplastic Crisis
294(1)
Other Complications of Parvovirus B19 Infection
294(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
294(1)
Epidemiology
295(1)
Treatment and Control
295(1)
Dependoviruses
295(1)
Human Bocaviruses
295(1)
Further Reading
296(1)
22 Hepatitis B and Hepatitis Delta Viruses
Hepatitis B Virus
297(12)
Classification
297(1)
Virion Properties
297(3)
Viral Replication
300(2)
Clinical Features and Pathogenesis of Hepatitis B
302(2)
Laboratory Diagnosis
304(1)
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
305(1)
Epidemiology
306(1)
Management of Hepatitis B Patients
307(1)
Prevention and Control
308(1)
Hepatitis Delta Virus
309(6)
Classification
310(1)
Virion Properties
310(1)
Viral Replication
310(2)
Clinical Features
312(1)
Pathogenesis
312(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
312(1)
Epidemiology
313(1)
Treatment and Prevention
314(1)
Further Reading
315(2)
23 Retroviruses
Properties of Retroviridae
317(1)
Viral Replication
318(2)
Human T Cell Lymphotropic Viruses
320(5)
Viral Replication
322(1)
Pathogenesis
323(1)
Clinical Features
323(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
323(1)
Epidemiology
324(1)
Control
325(1)
Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
325(19)
Properties of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
325(1)
Replication of HIV
326(2)
Function of the Accessory Proteins
328(1)
Pathogenesis
329(2)
Genetic Variation among HIV Isolates
331(1)
Latency and Virus Reservoirs
332(1)
Clinical Features
332(4)
Laboratory Diagnosis
336(1)
Epidemiology of HIV Infection
337(2)
Management of the HIV-Infected Patient
339(1)
Control
340(3)
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus and the Origins of HIV/AIDS
343(1)
Subfamily Spumavirinae
344(1)
Further Reading
344(1)
24 Reoviruses
Properties of Reoviridae
345(1)
Viral Replication
345(3)
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis
348(3)
Properties of Rotaviruses
348(1)
Pathogenesis and Immunity
348(1)
Clinical Features
349(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
349(1)
Epidemiology
350(1)
Treatment and Control
350(1)
Orbiviruses
351(1)
Coltiviruses
352(1)
Orthoreoviruses
352(1)
Further Reading
353(2)
25 Orthomyxoviruses
Properties of Orthomyxoviruses
355(3)
Classification
355(1)
Virion Properties
356(1)
Viral Replication
356(2)
Influenza
358(7)
Clinical Features
358(1)
Pathogenesis
359(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
360(1)
Epidemiology
360(1)
Treatment
361(2)
Immunization
363(1)
Prevention and Control
364(1)
Further Reading
365(2)
26 Paramyxoviruses
Properties of Paramyxoviruses
367(4)
Classification
367(1)
Virion Properties
367(2)
Viral Replication
369(2)
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
371(2)
Clinical Features
371(1)
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity
372(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
372(1)
Epidemiology, Chemotherapy, Control, and Prevention
373(1)
Parainfluenza Virus Infections
373(1)
Epidemiology and Clinical Profile
373(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
373(1)
Treatment and Prevention
374(1)
Human Metapneumovirus Infection
374(1)
Measles
374(3)
Clinical Features
374(1)
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity
374(2)
Laboratory Diagnosis
376(1)
Epidemiology, Prevention, and Control
377(1)
Mumps
377(1)
Henipavirus Infections
378(3)
Epidemiology of Henipavirus Infections
379(1)
Virological Properties
380(1)
Clinical Features and Pathology
380(1)
Treatment and Prevention
381(1)
Further Reading
381(2)
27 Rhabdoviruses
Properties of Rhabdoviruses
383(3)
Classification
383(1)
Virion Properties
383(1)
Viral Replication
384(2)
Rabies
386(8)
Clinical Features
386(1)
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity
387(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
388(1)
Epidemiology
388(2)
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
390(1)
Pre-Exposure Vaccination
391(1)
Treatment
391(1)
Control
391(2)
Rabies in Bats
393(1)
Vesicular Stomatitis and Other Rhabdoviruses
394(1)
Further Reading
394(1)
28 Filoviruses
Properties of Bunyaviruses
395(5)
Classification
395(3)
Virion Properties
398(1)
Viral Replication
399(1)
Ebola and Marburg Virus Disease (Ebola and Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever)
400(5)
Clinical Features
400(1)
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity
401(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
402(1)
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Treatment
403(2)
Further Reading
405(2)
29 Bunyaviruses
Properties of Bunyaviruses
407(4)
Classification
407(1)
Virion Properties
408(3)
Viral Replication
411(1)
Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Orthobunyavirus
411(2)
La Crosse Virus Encephalitis and Other California Serogroup Infections
411(1)
Oropouche Fever
412(1)
Bunyamwera Virus Infection
412(1)
Ngari Virus Infection
412(1)
Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Phlebovirus
413(4)
Rift Valley Fever
413(3)
Sandfly Fever
416(1)
Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV) and Other Phlebovirus Infections of Humans
416(1)
Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Nairovirus
417(2)
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
417(2)
Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Hantavirus
419(5)
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
419(3)
Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome
422(2)
Further Reading
424(1)
30 Arenaviruses
Properties of Arenaviruses
425(3)
Classification
425(1)
Virion Properties
426(1)
Viral Replication
426(2)
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection
428(4)
Clinical Features
429(2)
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity
431(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
431(1)
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Treatment
432(1)
Lassa Fever
432(2)
Clinical Features
432(1)
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity
433(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
433(1)
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Treatment
434(1)
Lujo Virus Infection
434(1)
South American Hemorrhagic Fevers
434(2)
Clinical Features
434(1)
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity
435(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
435(1)
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Treatment
435(1)
Further Reading
436(1)
31 Coronaviruses
Properties of Coronaviruses
437(5)
Classification
437(1)
Structure and Genome
437(3)
Viral Replication
440(1)
Pathogenesis and Immunity
441(1)
Human Coronavirus Infections
442(1)
Respiratory Coronavirus Infections
442(1)
Clinical Features
442(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
442(1)
Epidemiology
442(1)
Severe Acute Respiratory Virus (SARS-CoV)
442(3)
Clinical Features and Pathogenesis
442(2)
Laboratory Diagnosis
444(1)
Epidemiology
444(1)
Treatment and Prevention
445(1)
Middle East Respiratory Virus (MERS-CoV)
445(1)
Clinical Features and Pathogenesis
445(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
445(1)
Epidemiology
445(1)
Treatment and Prevention
446(1)
Further Reading
446(1)
32 Picornaviruses
Properties of Picornaviruses
447(3)
Classification
447(1)
Virion Properties
447(1)
Virus Replication
447(3)
Poliomyelitis
450(5)
Pathogenesis and Immunity
450(1)
Clinical Features of Poliomyelitis
451(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
452(1)
Epidemiology
453(1)
Poliovirus Vaccines-Two Alternative Strategies
453(2)
Progress in Poliomyelitis Eradication
455(1)
Enteroviruses A, B, C, D, and Parechoviruses
455(4)
Pathogenesis and Immunity
455(1)
Clinical Syndromes
456(1)
Diseases Caused by Enteroviruses A, B, C, D, and Parechoviruses
456(2)
Other Possible Associations
458(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
458(1)
Epidemiology
459(1)
Human Rhinoviruses A, B, and C
459(1)
Pathogenesis and Immunity
459(1)
Clinical Features
459(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
459(1)
Epidemiology
460(1)
Control
460(1)
Hepatitis A (HAV)
460(3)
Properties of Hepatovirus
460(1)
Viral Replication
461(1)
Pathogenesis, Immunity, and Clinical Features
461(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
461(1)
Epidemiology
462(1)
Control
462(1)
Further Reading
463(2)
33 Caliciviruses
Classification
465(1)
Virion Properties
465(3)
Virus Replication
466(2)
Calicivirus (Norovirus and Sapovirus) Gastroenteritis
468(3)
Clinical Features
468(1)
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity
468(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
468(1)
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Treatment
468(3)
Further Reading
471(2)
34 Astroviruses
Properties of Astroviruses
473(2)
Classification
473(1)
Virion Properties
473(1)
Viral Replication
473(2)
Clinical Features
475(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
475(1)
Epidemiology
476(1)
Prevention
476(1)
Further Reading
476(1)
35 Togaviruses
Properties of Togaviruses
477(4)
Classification
477(1)
Virion Properties
477(3)
Viral Replication
480(1)
Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Alphavirus
481(1)
Alphaviruses Causing Encephalitis-Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan Encephalitis
481(3)
Clinical Features
481(1)
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity
481(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
481(1)
Epidemiology
482(2)
Prevention, Control, Treatment
484(1)
Alphavirus Infections Marked by Fever, Rash, Myalgia, Arthralgia, and Arthritis
484(1)
Chikungunya
484(2)
Clinical Features
484(1)
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity
485(1)
Other Alphavirus Infections
486(2)
O'nyong-nyong Virus, Mayaro, Ross River, and Sindbis Virus Infections
486(2)
Disease Caused by the Rubivirus Rubella Virus
488(3)
Clinical Features
488(1)
Congenital Rubella Syndrome
488(1)
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity
489(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
489(1)
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, Treatment
490(1)
Further Reading
491(2)
36 Flaviviruses
Properties of Flaviviruses
493(4)
Classification
493(1)
Virion Properties
493(3)
Viral Replication
496(1)
Diseases Caused by Mosquito-Borne Member Viruses of the Genus Flavivirus
497(1)
Clinical Features
497(1)
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity
497(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
497(1)
Yellow Fever
498(1)
Clinical Features
498(1)
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity
498(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
498(1)
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Treatment
499(1)
Dengue
499(5)
Clinical Features
499(2)
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity
501(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
502(1)
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Treatment
502(2)
Zika Virus
504(1)
Japanese Encephalitis
505(3)
Clinical Features
505(1)
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity
505(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
505(1)
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Treatment
506(2)
West Nile Virus Infection
508(2)
Clinical Features
508(1)
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity
508(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
508(1)
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Treatment
508(2)
St. Louis Encephalitis
510(1)
Usutu Virus Infection
510(1)
Murray Valley (Australian) Encephalitis
510(1)
Rocio Virus Encephalitis
510(1)
Diseases Caused by Tick-Borne Members of the Genus Flavivirus
511(3)
Tick-Borne Encephalitis
511(1)
Clinical Features
511(1)
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity
511(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
511(1)
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Treatment
511(1)
Other Tick-Borne Flavivirus Infections of Humans
512(2)
Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Hepacivirus
514(4)
Hepatitis C
514(1)
Clinical Features
514(1)
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity
514(2)
Laboratory Diagnosis
516(1)
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Treatment
516(2)
Other Hepaciviruses
518(1)
Further Reading
518(1)
37 Hepeviruses
Classification and Properties of Hepatitis E Virus
519(2)
Viral Replication
521(1)
Clinical Features
521(1)
Pathology, Pathogenesis, and Immunity
522(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
523(1)
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Therapeutics
523(2)
Further Reading
525(2)
38 Prions
Properties of Prions
527(5)
Classification
527(2)
Prion Properties
529(1)
Prion Replication
530(2)
Human Priori Diseases
532(2)
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
532(1)
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)
532(1)
Kuru
533(1)
Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Syndrome and Fatal Familial Insomnia
533(1)
latrogenic Prion Diseases
533(1)
Diagnosis
534(1)
Treatment and Prevention
534(1)
Other Chronic Neurodegenerative Diseases
534(1)
Further Reading
535(2)
39 Viral Syndromes
The Human Virome
537(1)
Viral Diseases of the Respiratory Tract
538(3)
Rhinitis (Common Cold)
539(1)
Pharyngitis
539(1)
Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup)
540(1)
Tracheitis and Tracheobronchitis
541(1)
Bronchiolitis
541(1)
Viral Pneumonia
541(1)
Viral Gastroenteritis
541(2)
Viral Diseases of the Central Nervous System
543(4)
Meningitis
543(1)
Encephalitis
544(1)
Paralysis
545(1)
Post-Infectious Encephalomyelitis
545(1)
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
545(1)
Reye's Syndrome
546(1)
Chronic Demyelinating Diseases
546(1)
HIV Encephalopathy (HIV Dementia Complex)
546(1)
Tropical Spastic Paraparesis
546(1)
Subacute Spongiform Encephalopathy
546(1)
Other Neurological Conditions
546(1)
Viral Skin Rashes
547(1)
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
548(1)
Viral Genitourinary Infections
548(2)
Viral Diseases of the Eye
550(1)
Viral Arthritis
551(1)
Viral Carditis
552(1)
Viral Hepatitis
552(1)
Viral Pancreatitis and Diabetes
553(1)
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
554(1)
Congenital and Perinatal Viral Infections
554(1)
Viral Infections in Immunocompromised Patients
555(1)
Diseases of Unknown Etiology
556(1)
Further Reading 556(1)
Index 557
AO, BSc(Med), MBBS, PhD, FRCPath, FRCPA. Emeritus Professor of Virology, University of Adelaide, and former Head of the Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. His research expertise lies in hepatitis viruses particularly hepatitis B; HIV and AIDS; influenza; virus diagnosis and pathogenesis; immunization and prevention of virus infections. For more than forty years he has taught medical undergraduates and graduates and doctoral students, and worked with government research funding and public health bodies. Colin R Howard, DSc, PhD, FRCPath, FRSB holds professorships at London and Birmingham Universities. With over 40 years of experience in research and the teaching of virology, he has taught workshops to undergraduates, veterinarians and postgraduate health care workers in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas. His research interests are focused on persistent virus infections and haemorrhage fevers. Through his interest in vaccines he has advised the World Health Organisation, government agencies and vaccine manufacturers. Frederick A. Murphy, DVM, PhD, is professor, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston. He holds a BS and DVM from Cornell University and a PhD from the University of California, Davis (UC Davis). Formerly he was dean and distinguished professor, School of Veterinary Medicine, and distinguished professor, School of Medicine, UC Davis. Before that he served as director of the National Center for Infectious Diseases, and director of the Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta. He is a member of the Institute of Medicine of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and is a member of the German National Academy of Sciences and the Belgian Royal Academy of Medicine. He holds an honorary Doctor of Medicine and Surgery from the University of Turku, Finland; an honorary Doctor of Science from the University of Guelph, Canada; an honorary Doctor of Veterinary Medicine from the University of London, United Kingdom; an honorary Doctor of Science from University College Dublin, Ireland; the Presidential Rank Award of the U.S. Government; the PennVet World Leadership Award from the University of Pennsylvania, and the Distinguished Microbiologist Award from the American College of Veterinary Microbiologists. At UTMB, he is a member of the Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Galveston National Laboratory, and McLaughlin Endowment for Infection and Immunity. His professional interests include the pathology and epidemiology of highly pathogenic viruses/viral diseases: rabies and the rabies-like viruses, arboviruses, hemorrhagic fever viruses, and other neurotropic viruses. He has been a leader in advancing the concepts of new and emerging infectious diseases” and new and emerging zoonoses” and the threat posed by bioterrorism.” Most recently, he has been working on Internet resources on the history of virology: The Foundations of Virology” at http://www.utmb.edu/virusimages/.