Foreword |
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xvii | |
Preface |
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xix | |
Part I Principles of Virology |
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1 History and Impact of Virology |
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3 | (1) |
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A Brief History of Virology |
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4 | (5) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (3) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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2 Classification of Viruses and Phylogenetic Relationships |
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15 | (7) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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Groupings of Viruses on the Basis of Epidemiological Criteria |
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23 | (1) |
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Taxonomy and the Causal Relationship Between Virus and Disease |
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23 | (2) |
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Genome Sequencing and Virus Evolution |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (2) |
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3 Virion Structure and Composition |
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Physical Methods for Studying Virus Structure |
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27 | (2) |
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27 | (1) |
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X-Ray Crystallography of Viruses |
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28 | (1) |
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Chemical Composition of Virions |
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29 | (4) |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (4) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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The Function of Viral Capsids and Envelopes |
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35 | (1) |
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Stability of Viral Infectivity |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (2) |
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39 | (2) |
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The Virus Replication Cycle |
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41 | (12) |
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42 | (1) |
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Penetration and Uncoating |
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43 | (2) |
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Replication of Viral Nucleic Acids |
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45 | (2) |
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Overview of Viral Gene Expression Strategies |
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47 | (2) |
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Regulatory Genes and Post-transcriptional Processing |
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49 | (2) |
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51 | (2) |
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Satellite Viruses and Viroids |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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Generation of Genetic Diversity |
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53 | (1) |
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Quantitative Virus Assays |
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53 | (1) |
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Defective Interfering Viruses |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (2) |
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57 | (1) |
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Monocytes, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cells |
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57 | (1) |
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The Role of Natural Killer (NK) Cells and the Link with Adaptive Immunity |
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58 | (1) |
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The Importance of Molecular Recognition |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (3) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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6 Adaptive Immune Responses to Infection |
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Overview of the Adaptive Immune Responses to Viral Infection |
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65 | (5) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (2) |
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T Helper (Th) Lymphocytes |
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69 | (1) |
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Cytotoxic T (Tc) Lymphocytes |
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69 | (1) |
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gamma/delta T Lymphocytes |
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69 | (1) |
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The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and Antigen Presentation |
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70 | (2) |
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The Exogenous Pathway of Antigen Presentation |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (2) |
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Recovery from Viral Infection |
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73 | (1) |
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Immune Cytolysis of Virus-Infected Cells |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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Neutralization of Viral Infectivity by Antibodies |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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7 Pathogenesis of Virus Infections |
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The Incoming Virus Inoculum |
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77 | (1) |
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Routes of Entry-A Major Factor Governing the Specific Pattern of Infection |
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77 | (5) |
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Virus Entry via the Respiratory Tract |
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78 | (1) |
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Virus Entry via the Alimentary Tract |
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78 | (2) |
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80 | (1) |
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Virus Entry via the Genitourinary Tract |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of Virus Spread Within the Body |
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82 | (5) |
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Local Spread of Virus on Epithelial Surfaces |
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82 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of Virus Spread to Distant Target Organs |
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83 | (4) |
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Virus Infection of Target Organs |
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87 | (4) |
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The Skin as a Target Organ |
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88 | (1) |
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Virus Infection of the Central Nervous System |
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88 | (3) |
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Virus Infection of Other Organs |
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91 | (1) |
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Virus Infection of the Fetus |
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91 | (1) |
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Persistent Virus Infections-Mechanisms Influencing Persistence |
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91 | (4) |
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Reduction or Absence of Either Viral Gene Expression or Cytocidal Activity |
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93 | (1) |
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Evasion of the Immune Response |
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93 | (1) |
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Virus-Induced Immunosuppression |
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94 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of Disease Production |
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95 | (5) |
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Damage to Tissues and Organs Caused by Virus Replication |
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95 | (2) |
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Immunopathology-Cell Damage Caused by Immunological Processes |
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97 | (3) |
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Viruses and Immunosuppression |
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100 | (1) |
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Immunosuppression Caused by Viral Infection |
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100 | (1) |
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Viral Infections in Immunocompromised Patients |
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100 | (1) |
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Viral Virulence and Host Resistance to Infection |
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100 | (4) |
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Genetic Factors Affecting Viral Virulence |
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101 | (1) |
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Host Genetic Factors Affecting Virulence |
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102 | (1) |
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Physiological and Other Host Factors Affecting Virulence |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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Transient Localized Infections |
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105 | (2) |
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Transient Systemic Infections |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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Persistent Localized Infections |
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109 | (2) |
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Persistent Systemic Infections |
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111 | (8) |
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Acute Infections with Rare Late Complications |
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111 | (1) |
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Latent Infections with Reactivation |
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112 | (4) |
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Chronic Infections with Ongoing Viral Replication |
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116 | (3) |
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119 | (2) |
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9 Mechanisms of Viral Oncogenesis |
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Definitions and Overview of Virus Transformation |
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121 | (2) |
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Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes |
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123 | (3) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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Oncogenesis by Retroviruses |
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126 | (2) |
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126 | (1) |
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Cis-Activating Retroviruses |
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127 | (1) |
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Trans-Activating Retroviruses |
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128 | (1) |
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Oncogenesis by Small DNA Viruses |
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128 | (2) |
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Tumors Induced by Papillomaviruses |
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129 | (1) |
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Tumors Induced by Polyomaviruses and Adenoviruses |
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130 | (1) |
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Oncogenesis by Large DNA Viruses |
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130 | (3) |
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Epstein-Barr Virus and Burkitt's Lymphoma |
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131 | (1) |
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Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Epstein-Barr Virus |
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132 | (1) |
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Lymphoproliferative Disorders (LPD) and Other Tumors |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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Tumors Induced by Poxviruses |
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132 | (1) |
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Other Important Viruses Associated with Cancers |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) |
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133 | (1) |
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The Prevention and Management of Virally Induced Tumors |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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10 Laboratory Diagnosis of Virus Diseases |
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Rationale for Performing Laboratory Virus Diagnosis |
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135 | (2) |
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Collection, Packaging, and Transport of Samples |
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137 | (1) |
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Direct Identification of Virus, Viral Antigen, or Viral Genome |
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138 | (8) |
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Direct Detection of Virions by Electron Microscopy |
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138 | (1) |
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Detection of Viral Antigens |
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138 | (4) |
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Detection of Viral Nucleic Acids |
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142 | (4) |
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146 | (3) |
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Further Characterization of Viruses Detected |
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147 | (2) |
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Measurement of Serum Antibodies |
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149 | (3) |
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Diagnosis of Acute Infection by Demonstrating a Rise in Antibody |
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149 | (1) |
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Immunoglobulin M Class-Specific Antibody Assays |
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150 | (1) |
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Immunoblotting ("Western Blotting") |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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Sensitivity and Specificity |
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152 | (1) |
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Interpretation of Laboratory Results |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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11 Vaccines and Vaccination |
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Vaccine Design and Production |
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155 | (7) |
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Attenuated Virus Vaccines |
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156 | (2) |
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Inactivated Virus Vaccines |
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158 | (1) |
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Vaccines Produced by Alternative Methods |
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158 | (4) |
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Methods for Enhancing Immunogenicity |
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162 | (1) |
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Vaccine Safety, Efficacy, and Practical Usage |
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162 | (1) |
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Factors Affecting Vaccine Safety |
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163 | (2) |
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Vaccination During Pregnancy |
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165 | (1) |
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Vaccination of Immunocompromised Persons |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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Vaccination Policy and Programs |
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165 | (2) |
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Recently Introduced or Under-Utilized Viral Vaccines |
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166 | (1) |
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Therapeutic Immunization-a Goal for the Future? |
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167 | (1) |
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Commercial Aspects of Vaccine Manufacture |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (2) |
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12 Antiviral Chemotherapy |
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Strategies for the Development of Antiviral Agents |
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169 | (3) |
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172 | (1) |
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Formulation and Methods of Delivery |
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172 | (1) |
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Emergence of Drug-Resistant Mutants |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of Action and Role of Individual Antiviral Drugs |
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174 | (7) |
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174 | (1) |
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Blocking Attachment or Fusion |
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174 | (1) |
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Blocking Uncoating-lon Channel Blockers |
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175 | (1) |
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Inhibitors of Viral DNA Polymerase |
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176 | (1) |
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Acycloguanosine (Acyclovir) and Homologs |
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176 | (2) |
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178 | (1) |
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Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates |
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178 | (1) |
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Trisodium Phosphonoformate (PFA, Foscarnet) |
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178 | (1) |
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Inhibitors of RNA Virus Replication |
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178 | (1) |
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Inhibitors of Reverse Transcriptase |
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179 | (1) |
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Nucleoside Analogs in Hepatitis B |
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179 | (1) |
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Inhibitors of Viral Proteases |
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180 | (1) |
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Direct-acting Antiviral Drugs for Hepatitis C Virus Infection |
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180 | (1) |
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Inhibitors of Viral Integration |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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Newer Approaches Under Development |
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181 | (2) |
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Virus-Specific Oligonucleotides |
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181 | (2) |
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Inhibitors of Regulatory Proteins |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (2) |
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13 Epidemiology of Viral Infections |
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Mechanisms of Virus Survival |
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185 | (1) |
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Viral Shedding and Routes of Transmission |
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185 | (4) |
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Respiratory and Oropharyngeal Route |
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186 | (2) |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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Factors Affecting the Dynamics of Viral Infections |
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189 | (9) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (4) |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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Involvement of Non-human Reservoirs |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (2) |
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Nosocomial and latrogenic Transmission |
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198 | (1) |
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Epidemiological Investigations |
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198 | (4) |
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Definitions of Disease Activity: Incidence and Prevalence |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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Cross-Sectional, Case-Control, Cohort, and Long-Term Population Studies |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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Epidemiological Parameters |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (2) |
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14 Control, Prevention, and Eradication |
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Surveillance and Modeling of Virus Diseases |
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205 | (2) |
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Measures to Minimize Transmission |
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207 | (3) |
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207 | (1) |
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Measures to Reduce Enteric Spread |
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207 | (1) |
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Measures to Reduce Respiratory Spread |
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208 | (1) |
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Measures to Reduce Spread of Sexually Transmitted Infections |
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208 | (1) |
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Measures to Reduce the Spread of Blood-Borne Infections |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (4) |
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Active Immunization Policy |
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210 | (3) |
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213 | (1) |
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The WHO Expanded Program on Immunization and Other Initiatives |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (2) |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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15 Emerging Virus Diseases |
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Increased Recognition and Changes in Disease Patterns |
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217 | (1) |
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Factors Affecting Emergence |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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Animals as a Source of Human Diseases |
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220 | (4) |
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220 | (2) |
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Domestic Livestock and Poultry |
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222 | (1) |
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Companion and Captive Animals |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (4) |
Part II Specific Virus Diseases of Humans |
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229 | (3) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (3) |
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232 | (1) |
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Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Orthopoxvirus |
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232 | (3) |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Molluscipoxvirus |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Yatapoxvirus |
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236 | (1) |
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Human Yabapox and Tanapox |
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236 | (1) |
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Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Parapoxvirus |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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Properties of the Viruses |
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237 | (5) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (3) |
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240 | (2) |
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Herpes Simplex Virus Infection |
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242 | (5) |
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242 | (2) |
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Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Therapeutics |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection |
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247 | (3) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Therapeutics |
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249 | (1) |
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Cytomegalovirus Infection |
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250 | (5) |
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250 | (1) |
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Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity |
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251 | (2) |
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253 | (1) |
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Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Therapeutics |
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254 | (1) |
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Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7 (HHV-6 and HHV-7) Infection |
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255 | (1) |
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Properties of HHV-6 and HHV-7 |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Therapeutics |
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256 | (1) |
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Epstein-Barr Virus Infection |
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256 | (4) |
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256 | (1) |
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Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (2) |
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Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Therapeutics |
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259 | (1) |
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Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8: Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus) Infection |
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260 | (1) |
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B Virus (Macacine Herpesvirus 1) Infection |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (2) |
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263 | (1) |
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Properties of Adenoviruses |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (2) |
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267 | (2) |
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267 | (2) |
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Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, Treatment |
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270 | (1) |
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Adenoviruses as Vectors for the Delivery of Heterologous DNA |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (2) |
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273 | (1) |
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Properties of Papillomaviruses |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (3) |
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277 | (2) |
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277 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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Respiratory Papillomatosis |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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Pathogenesis and Immunity |
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279 | (1) |
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Natural History of Genital HPV Infection |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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Classification, Properties, and Replication |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (2) |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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Other Recently Described Human Polyomaviruses |
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288 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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Properties of Parvoviridae |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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Pathogenesis and Immunity |
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290 | (3) |
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293 | (1) |
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293 | (1) |
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Transient Aplastic Crisis |
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294 | (1) |
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Other Complications of Parvovirus B19 Infection |
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294 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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22 Hepatitis B and Hepatitis Delta Viruses |
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297 | (12) |
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297 | (1) |
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297 | (3) |
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300 | (2) |
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Clinical Features and Pathogenesis of Hepatitis B |
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302 | (2) |
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304 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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Management of Hepatitis B Patients |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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|
309 | (6) |
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|
310 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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310 | (2) |
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312 | (1) |
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|
312 | (1) |
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|
312 | (1) |
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|
313 | (1) |
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|
314 | (1) |
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|
315 | (2) |
|
|
|
Properties of Retroviridae |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
|
318 | (2) |
|
Human T Cell Lymphotropic Viruses |
|
|
320 | (5) |
|
|
322 | (1) |
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|
323 | (1) |
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|
323 | (1) |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
|
324 | (1) |
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|
325 | (1) |
|
Human Immunodeficiency Viruses |
|
|
325 | (19) |
|
Properties of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
|
326 | (2) |
|
Function of the Accessory Proteins |
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
|
329 | (2) |
|
Genetic Variation among HIV Isolates |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
Latency and Virus Reservoirs |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
|
332 | (4) |
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology of HIV Infection |
|
|
337 | (2) |
|
Management of the HIV-Infected Patient |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
340 | (3) |
|
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus and the Origins of HIV/AIDS |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
345 | (3) |
|
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis |
|
|
348 | (3) |
|
Properties of Rotaviruses |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis and Immunity |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
353 | (2) |
|
|
|
Properties of Orthomyxoviruses |
|
|
355 | (3) |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
356 | (2) |
|
|
358 | (7) |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
361 | (2) |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
365 | (2) |
|
|
|
Properties of Paramyxoviruses |
|
|
367 | (4) |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
|
367 | (2) |
|
|
369 | (2) |
|
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection |
|
|
371 | (2) |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology, Chemotherapy, Control, and Prevention |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
Parainfluenza Virus Infections |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology and Clinical Profile |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
Human Metapneumovirus Infection |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
374 | (3) |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity |
|
|
374 | (2) |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology, Prevention, and Control |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
378 | (3) |
|
Epidemiology of Henipavirus Infections |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
Clinical Features and Pathology |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
|
381 | (2) |
|
|
|
Properties of Rhabdoviruses |
|
|
383 | (3) |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
|
384 | (2) |
|
|
386 | (8) |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
388 | (2) |
|
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
391 | (2) |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
Vesicular Stomatitis and Other Rhabdoviruses |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
|
|
Properties of Bunyaviruses |
|
|
395 | (5) |
|
|
395 | (3) |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
Ebola and Marburg Virus Disease (Ebola and Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever) |
|
|
400 | (5) |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Treatment |
|
|
403 | (2) |
|
|
405 | (2) |
|
|
|
Properties of Bunyaviruses |
|
|
407 | (4) |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
|
408 | (3) |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Orthobunyavirus |
|
|
411 | (2) |
|
La Crosse Virus Encephalitis and Other California Serogroup Infections |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
Bunyamwera Virus Infection |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Phlebovirus |
|
|
413 | (4) |
|
|
413 | (3) |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV) and Other Phlebovirus Infections of Humans |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Nairovirus |
|
|
417 | (2) |
|
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever |
|
|
417 | (2) |
|
Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Hantavirus |
|
|
419 | (5) |
|
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome |
|
|
419 | (3) |
|
Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome |
|
|
422 | (2) |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
|
Properties of Arenaviruses |
|
|
425 | (3) |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
|
426 | (2) |
|
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection |
|
|
428 | (4) |
|
|
429 | (2) |
|
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Treatment |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
|
432 | (2) |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Treatment |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
South American Hemorrhagic Fevers |
|
|
434 | (2) |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Treatment |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
|
|
Properties of Coronaviruses |
|
|
437 | (5) |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
437 | (3) |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis and Immunity |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
Human Coronavirus Infections |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
Respiratory Coronavirus Infections |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
Severe Acute Respiratory Virus (SARS-CoV) |
|
|
442 | (3) |
|
Clinical Features and Pathogenesis |
|
|
442 | (2) |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
Middle East Respiratory Virus (MERS-CoV) |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
Clinical Features and Pathogenesis |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
|
|
Properties of Picornaviruses |
|
|
447 | (3) |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
|
447 | (3) |
|
|
450 | (5) |
|
Pathogenesis and Immunity |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Clinical Features of Poliomyelitis |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
Poliovirus Vaccines-Two Alternative Strategies |
|
|
453 | (2) |
|
Progress in Poliomyelitis Eradication |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
Enteroviruses A, B, C, D, and Parechoviruses |
|
|
455 | (4) |
|
Pathogenesis and Immunity |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
Diseases Caused by Enteroviruses A, B, C, D, and Parechoviruses |
|
|
456 | (2) |
|
Other Possible Associations |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
Human Rhinoviruses A, B, and C |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis and Immunity |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
460 | (3) |
|
Properties of Hepatovirus |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis, Immunity, and Clinical Features |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
463 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
|
465 | (3) |
|
|
466 | (2) |
|
Calicivirus (Norovirus and Sapovirus) Gastroenteritis |
|
|
468 | (3) |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Treatment |
|
|
468 | (3) |
|
|
471 | (2) |
|
|
|
Properties of Astroviruses |
|
|
473 | (2) |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
|
473 | (2) |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
|
|
Properties of Togaviruses |
|
|
477 | (4) |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
|
477 | (3) |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Alphavirus |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
Alphaviruses Causing Encephalitis-Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan Encephalitis |
|
|
481 | (3) |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
|
482 | (2) |
|
Prevention, Control, Treatment |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
Alphavirus Infections Marked by Fever, Rash, Myalgia, Arthralgia, and Arthritis |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
484 | (2) |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity |
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
Other Alphavirus Infections |
|
|
486 | (2) |
|
O'nyong-nyong Virus, Mayaro, Ross River, and Sindbis Virus Infections |
|
|
486 | (2) |
|
Disease Caused by the Rubivirus Rubella Virus |
|
|
488 | (3) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
Congenital Rubella Syndrome |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, Treatment |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
|
491 | (2) |
|
|
|
Properties of Flaviviruses |
|
|
493 | (4) |
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
|
493 | (3) |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
Diseases Caused by Mosquito-Borne Member Viruses of the Genus Flavivirus |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Treatment |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
|
499 | (5) |
|
|
499 | (2) |
|
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Treatment |
|
|
502 | (2) |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
|
505 | (3) |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Treatment |
|
|
506 | (2) |
|
West Nile Virus Infection |
|
|
508 | (2) |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Treatment |
|
|
508 | (2) |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
Murray Valley (Australian) Encephalitis |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
Diseases Caused by Tick-Borne Members of the Genus Flavivirus |
|
|
511 | (3) |
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity |
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Treatment |
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
Other Tick-Borne Flavivirus Infections of Humans |
|
|
512 | (2) |
|
Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Hepacivirus |
|
|
514 | (4) |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Immunity |
|
|
514 | (2) |
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Treatment |
|
|
516 | (2) |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
|
|
Classification and Properties of Hepatitis E Virus |
|
|
519 | (2) |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
Pathology, Pathogenesis, and Immunity |
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology, Prevention, Control, and Therapeutics |
|
|
523 | (2) |
|
|
525 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
527 | (5) |
|
|
527 | (2) |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
|
530 | (2) |
|
|
532 | (2) |
|
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Syndrome and Fatal Familial Insomnia |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
latrogenic Prion Diseases |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
Other Chronic Neurodegenerative Diseases |
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
|
535 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
Viral Diseases of the Respiratory Tract |
|
|
538 | (3) |
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup) |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
Tracheitis and Tracheobronchitis |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
|
541 | (2) |
|
Viral Diseases of the Central Nervous System |
|
|
543 | (4) |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
Post-Infectious Encephalomyelitis |
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
Chronic Demyelinating Diseases |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
HIV Encephalopathy (HIV Dementia Complex) |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
Tropical Spastic Paraparesis |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
Subacute Spongiform Encephalopathy |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
Other Neurological Conditions |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
Viral Genitourinary Infections |
|
|
548 | (2) |
|
Viral Diseases of the Eye |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
Viral Pancreatitis and Diabetes |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
Congenital and Perinatal Viral Infections |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
Viral Infections in Immunocompromised Patients |
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
Diseases of Unknown Etiology |
|
|
556 | (1) |
Further Reading |
|
556 | (1) |
Index |
|
557 | |