| CHAPTER 1 Sport in the New Millenium |
|
1 | (16) |
|
The Economic Magnitude of Sport |
|
|
|
The Alternative Sports Boom |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Taking Advantage of Emerging Technology |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CHAPTER 2 The Challenges Facing College and Professional Sports |
|
17 | (34) |
|
The Financial Status of Intercollegiate Athletics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Financial Status of Professional Sports |
|
|
|
Growth of Professional Sports |
|
|
|
Emergence of Womens' Professional Sports Leagues |
|
|
|
Other Successful Sports Properties |
|
|
|
The Economic Reality of Professional Sports |
|
|
|
Revenues Can't Keep Pace With Expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Leagues' Declining Health |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
National Basketball Association |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CHAPTER 3 Trends in Sport Facility Investment |
|
51 | (52) |
|
Trends in the Cost and Number of Major League Facilities |
|
|
|
Description of the Trend Tables |
|
|
|
The Evolution of Facility Funding |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trends in the Minor Leagues and Colleges |
|
|
|
Factors Contributing to Enhanced Private Sector Investment in Major League Facilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sources of Momentum Undergirding Investment in Major League |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Community Power Structure |
|
|
|
The Increasing Costs Stimulus |
|
|
|
The New Facility Honeymoon Effect |
|
|
|
The Competitive Balance Rationale |
|
|
|
The Rationale for Public Subsidy |
|
|
|
|
|
| CHAPTER 4 The Principles of Economic Impact Analysis |
|
103 | (58) |
|
The Rationale for Economic Impact Analysis |
|
|
|
The Mischievous Application of Economic Impact Analysis |
|
|
|
The Inviolable Principles |
|
|
|
Inviolable Principle #1: Exclusion of Local Residents |
|
|
|
Inviolable Principle #2: Exclusion of "Time-Switchers" and "Casuals" |
|
|
|
Inviolable Principle #3: Use of Income Rather than Sales Output |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Defining geographic boundaries of an impacted area |
|
|
|
Interpreting alternative measures of economic impact |
|
|
|
Inviolable Principle #4: Use of Multiplier Coefficients Rather than Multipliers |
|
|
|
Inviolable Principle #5: Careful Interpretation of Employment Measures |
|
|
|
The Magnitude of Economic Impact from Professional Sports Franchises: Some Conclusions |
|
|
|
Illustrations of the Implications of Abusing the Inviolable Principles |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Doing Economic Impact Analyses |
|
|
|
Collecting Expenditure Data |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Results of 20 Economic Impact Studies |
|
|
|
|
|
| CHAPTER 5 Alternate Justifications for Public Subsidy |
|
161 | (40) |
|
Increased Community Visibility |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stimulation of Other Development |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Complementary Development |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CHAPTER 6 Sources of Public Sector Funding |
|
201 | (62) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tourist Development Taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trends in the Use of Public Sector Taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Use of Tax Exempt Bonds |
|
|
|
Full-Faith and Credit Obligations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Conducting a Bond Campaign |
|
|
|
Certificates of Obligation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Public-Private Partnership Model |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Certificates of Participation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset-Backed Securitizations |
|
|
|
Mechanics of Selling Bonds |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial and Legal Advisors |
|
|
|
|
|
| CHAPTER 7 Sport Enterprises' Sources of Revenue |
|
263 | (34) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Marketing Premium Seating |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Responding to the Challenges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Professional Sport Venues |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Why Companies Buy Naming Rights |
|
|
|
Key Elements of Naming Rights Agreements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Impact of Naming Rights' Partner Failings |
|
|
|
Shirt and Team Naming Rights |
|
|
|
Personal Seat Licenses (PSLs) |
|
|
|
The Growth and Magnitude of PSL Programs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CHAPTER 8 Implementation of Public-Private Partnerships |
|
297 | (54) |
|
Challenges in Facilitating Public-Private Partnerships |
|
|
|
Reconciling Value Systems |
|
|
|
The Unfair Competition Issue |
|
|
|
Unfair Competition From Non-Profits |
|
|
|
The Complementary Assets of Public Agencies and Private Sports |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Control Over Permit and Zoning Processes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adaptability to Scale of Service |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Public-Private Partnership Models |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Private Sector Pump-Priming |
|
|
|
Expansion of Existing Public Facilities |
|
|
|
|
|
| CHAPTER 9 Ticket Sales and Operations |
|
351 | (36) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pricing Tickets for Sporting Events |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increasing the Sport Consumer's Willingness to Pay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tactics for Improving Ticket |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Flexible Ticket Packaging |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Web-Based Ticketing Sales |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounting Procedures for Ticket Revenues |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CHAPTER 10 Sale of Broadcast Rights |
|
387 | (28) |
|
The Business of Broadcasting |
|
|
|
Television Ratings and Shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Marketing and Managing Broadcast Rights |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Oregon Sports Network |
|
|
|
Sports Broadcasting Contracts |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
National Basketball Association |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CHAPTER 11 Sales of Foodservice and Souvenir Concessions |
|
415 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Economic Contribution of Concessions |
|
|
|
The Sale of Alcohol at Amateur Sporting Events |
|
|
|
Concession Industry Standards |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Contracting Versus Self-Orientation |
|
|
|
Financial and Operational Quality Assurance |
|
|
|
|
|
| CHAPTER 12 Nature of Sponsorship Exchange |
|
433 | (46) |
|
Differentiating Sponsorship and Donations |
|
|
|
Evaluation of Sport Sponsorship |
|
|
|
Factors Stimulating Sponsorship Growth |
|
|
|
Benefits Sought from Sponsorship by Sport Organizations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Benefits Sought From Sponsorship by Business Organizations and the Consumer's Purchase Decision Proccess |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hospitality Opportunities |
|
|
|
Product Trial and Sales Opportunities |
|
|
|
Risks Associated With Business Sponsorship |
|
|
|
|
|
| CHAPTER 13 Corporate Concerns in Sponsorship Partnerships |
|
479 | (38) |
|
|
|
|
The Fit Between Sports Property and a Sponsor's Brand |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Congruency of Target Markets |
|
|
|
Leveraging the Sponsorship Platform |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Potential Platform Elements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Strategies to Counter Ambushing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CHAPTER 14 Soliciting Sponsorships From Business Organizations |
|
517 | (38) |
|
Developing a Set of Potential Company Investors |
|
|
|
Sponsorship by Tobacco and Alcohol Companies |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Communicating the Proposal |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Handling Negative Reactions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Criteria Used by Companies to Screen Proposals |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Working Together to Make It Happen |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CHAPTER 15 Measuring the Impact of Sponsorship |
|
555 | (18) |
|
Linking Sponsorship to the Communications Process |
|
|
|
Measuring Media Equivalencies |
|
|
|
Measuring Impact on Awareness |
|
|
|
Measuring Impact on Image |
|
|
|
Measuring Impact on Intent to Purchase |
|
|
|
Measuring Impact on Sales |
|
|
|
|
|
| CHAPTER 16 Fundraising |
|
573 | (32) |
|
Fundraising and Intercollegiate Athletics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bringing ASGs Under Institutional Control |
|
|
|
Approaches to the Organization and Operation of ASGs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Charitable Remainder Trusts |
|
|
|
Systematic Approach to Soliciting Major Gifts |
|
|
|
Prospecting and Targeting |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anatomy of a Major Gift Campaign: UNLV's Vision Project |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Campaign Purpose and Appeal |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| About the Authors |
|
605 | (4) |
| Index |
|
609 | |
