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El. knyga: Fine Needle Aspiration of Bone Tumours: The Clinical, Radiological, Cytological Approach.

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In recent years, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has become a widely accepted procedure in the diagnosis of bone lesions. Rapid progress in immunocytochemistry and molecular genetics has increased the role of FNAC in the investigation of primary bone lesions. The purpose of this book is to facilitate the cytological evaluation of FNA smears from skeletal lesions and to provide diagnostic criteria based on the combined evaluation of clinical data and radiographic and cytological features. The major aim is to thoroughly describe and illustrate the most common entities as well as the diagnostic use of ancillary techniques. A number of rare primary bone tumours/lesions are also illustrated. The selection of entities illustrated in this comprehensive manual is based mainly on experience with patients referred to the Musculoskeletal Centre in Lund, Sweden, which now comprises smear data from approximately 1000 skeletal tumours/lesions collected between 1966 and 2006. This publication will be a valuable resource for pathologists, cytopathologists, radiologists, oncologists and orthopaedic surgeons involved in the work-up and management of patients with bone lesions.
Preface xi
Epidemiology of Bone Tumours
1(2)
Radiological Investigation of Bone Tumours
3(4)
Tumour Type and Radiological Appearance
3(2)
Tumour Matrix Calcifications
3(1)
Periosteal Reaction
3(1)
Soft Tissue Component
4(1)
Tumour Position
4(1)
Other Investigations
5(1)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
5(1)
Computed Tomography
5(1)
Ultrasonography
5(1)
Scintigraphy
5(1)
Positron Emisson Tomography
5(1)
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
5(1)
Conclusion
6(1)
Morphological Diagnosis of Bone Tumours
7(6)
Biopsies
7(1)
Open Biopsy
7(1)
Percutaneous Biopsy
7(1)
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
7(1)
FNAC Procedure
7(1)
Staining Methods
8(1)
Ancillary Diagnostic Techniques
8(2)
Direct Smears
8(1)
Cytospin Preparations
8(1)
Cell Block Preparation from Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded Aspirates
8(1)
Liquid-Based Cytology: ThinPrep
8(1)
Cytochemistry
9(1)
Immunocytochemistry
9(1)
Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping
9(1)
DNA Ploidy Analysis
9(1)
Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetic Investigations
10(1)
Electron Microscopic Examination
10(1)
Diagnosis of Bone Tumours/Lesions
10(1)
Classification of the Cytodiagnosis
10(1)
Diagnostic Accuracy Bone Lesion FNA
11(1)
Pitfalls in Bone Tumour FNA
11(1)
Complications of Bone Tumour FNA
12(1)
Cytology of Normal Constituents in Bone Aspirates and of Reactive Changes
13(5)
Normal Cells in Bone Aspirates
13(2)
Osteoblasts
13(1)
Osteoclasts
13(1)
Chondrocytes
13(1)
Bone Marrow Cells
14(1)
Mesothelial Cells
14(1)
Reactive Changes
15(3)
Pseudomalignant Myositis Ossificans
15(3)
Cytological Features of Bone Tumours in FNA Smears I: Osteogenic Tumours
18(13)
Osteid Osteoma and Osteoblastoma
18(3)
Radiology
18(1)
Histopathology
18(1)
Cytological Features of Osteoblastoma
18(1)
Differential Diagnosis
18(1)
Comments
18(3)
Osteosarcoma
21(7)
Radiology
21(1)
Histopathology
21(2)
Cytological Features
23(1)
Differential Diagnosis
23(1)
Comments
24(4)
Case Report 1
28(1)
Comments
29(1)
Case Report 2
29(2)
Comments
30(1)
Cytological Features of Bone Tumours in FNA Smears II: Cartilaginous Tumours
31(14)
Chondroma
31(1)
Radiology
31(1)
Histopathology
31(1)
Cytological Features
31(1)
Differential Diagnosis
31(1)
Comments
31(1)
Chondroblastoma
32(2)
Radiology
32(1)
Histopathology
32(1)
Cytological Features
33(1)
Differential Diagnosis
33(1)
Comments
33(1)
Chondromyxoid Fibroma
34(1)
Radiology
34(1)
Histopathology
34(1)
Cytological Features
35(1)
Differential Diagnosis
35(1)
Comments
35(1)
Chondrosarcoma
35(4)
Radiology
35(2)
Histopathology
37(1)
Cytological Features
37(1)
Differential Diagnosis
38(1)
Comments
38(1)
Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma
39(2)
Radiology
39(1)
Histopathology
39(1)
Cytological Features
39(1)
Differential Diagnosis
40(1)
Comments
40(1)
Clear-Cell Chondrosarcoma
41(1)
Radiology
41(1)
Histopathology
41(1)
Cytological Features
41(1)
Differential Diagnosis
41(1)
Comments
41(1)
Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma
41(1)
Radiology
41(1)
Histopathology
41(1)
Cytological Features
41(1)
Differential Diagnosis
42(1)
Comments
42(1)
Case Report 3
42(3)
Comments
44(1)
Cytological Features of Bone Tumours in FNA Smears III: Ewing Family Tumours
45(6)
The Ewing Family of Tumours
45(5)
Radiology
45(1)
Histopathology
46(1)
Cytological Features of Classical Ewing's Sarcoma
47(1)
Cytological Features of Atypical Ewing's Sarcoma and PNET
47(1)
Differential Diagnosis
48(1)
Comments
48(2)
Case Report 4
50(1)
Comments
50(1)
Cytological Features of Bone Tumours in FNA Smears IV: Notochordal Tumours
51(4)
Chordoma
51(2)
Radiology
51(1)
Histopathology
51(1)
Cytological Features
52(1)
Differential Diagnosis
52(1)
Comments
52(1)
Case Report 5
53(2)
Comments
54(1)
Cytological Features of Bone Tumours in FNA Smears V: Giant-Cell Lesions
55(7)
Conventional Giant-Cell Tumour
55(2)
Radiology
55(1)
Histopathology
55(1)
Cytological Features
56(1)
Differential Diagnosis
56(1)
Comments
56(1)
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
57(1)
Radiology
57(1)
Histopathology
57(1)
Cytological Features
57(1)
Differential Diagnosis
58(1)
Comments
58(1)
Giant-Cell Reparative Granuloma
58(2)
Radiology
58(1)
Histopathology
58(1)
Cytological Features
59(1)
Differential Diagnosis
59(1)
Comments
60(1)
Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica
60(2)
Radiology
60(1)
Histopathology
60(1)
Cytological Features
60(1)
Differential Diagnosis
60(1)
Comments
61(1)
Rare Targets for FNAC and Diagnostic Problems with Benign Tumours/Lesions with Variable Numbers of Osteoclast-Like Giant Cells
62(3)
Rare Targets: Metaphyseal Fibrous Defect
62(1)
Radiology
62(1)
Histopathology
62(1)
Rare Targets: Fibrous Dysplasia
62(1)
Radiology
62(1)
Histopathology
63(1)
Comments
63(1)
Rare Targets: Adamantinoma
63(1)
Radiology
63(1)
Histopathology
63(1)
Cytological Features of Classic Adamantinoma
63(1)
Comments
63(1)
Benign Bone Tumours/Lesions: Diagnostic Problems with Variable Numbers of Osteoclast-Like Giant Cells
63(2)
Lymphohaematopoetic and Histiocytic Tumours
65(8)
Solitary Plasmacytoma of Bone
65(3)
Radiology
65(1)
Histopathology
65(1)
Cytological Features
65(1)
Differential Diagnosis
65(1)
Comments
66(2)
Primary Lymphoma of Bone
68(1)
Radiology
68(1)
Histopathology
68(1)
Differential Diagnosis
68(1)
Comments
68(1)
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
68(5)
Radiology
69(1)
Histopathology
69(2)
Cytological Features
71(1)
Differential Diagnosis
71(1)
Comments
72(1)
Inflammatory Lesions
73(2)
Non-Specific Osteomyelitis
73(1)
Radiology
73(1)
Histopathology
73(1)
Cytological Features of Acute Osteomyelitis
73(1)
Differential Diagnosis
74(1)
Comments
74(1)
Tuberculous Osteomyelitis
74(1)
Radiology
74(1)
Histopathology
74(1)
Bone Metastases
75(6)
Metastatic Cancer
75(2)
Radiology
75(1)
Cytodiagnosis
76(1)
Diagnostic Problems
77(1)
Case Report 6
77(4)
Comments
80(1)
Fine Needle Aspiration as the First Diagnostic Modality for Spinal and Sacral Lesions
81(5)
Case Report 7
81(2)
Case Report 8
83(1)
Case Report 9
83(2)
Case Report 10
85(1)
Comments
85(1)
Summary and Conclusions
85(1)
References 86(3)
Index 89