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El. knyga: Fluid Phase Behavior for Conventional and Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoirs

(Research Staff Member, School of Environment, Science, and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia)
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 24-Nov-2016
  • Leidėjas: Gulf Professional Publishing
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128034460
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Fluid Phase Behavior for Conventional and Unconventional Oil and Gas ReservoirsDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 24-Nov-2016
  • Leidėjas: Gulf Professional Publishing
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128034460
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Understanding the properties of a reservoir’s fluids and creating a successful model based on lab data and calculation are required for every reservoir engineer in oil and gas today, and with reservoirs becoming more complex and unconventional, engineers and managers have to reconfigure the rules of thumb for reservoir engineering. Fluid Phase Behavior for Conventional and Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoirs delivers information on the role of PVT (pressure-volume-temperature) tests/data in various aspects, in particular reserve estimation, reservoir modelling, flow assurance, and enhanced oil recovery for both conventional and unconventional reservoirs. This must-have reference also prepares engineers on the importance of PVT tests, how to evaluate the data, develop an effective management plan for flow assurance, and gain perspective of flow characterization, with particular focus on shale oil, shale gas, gas hydrates, and tight oil making Fluid Phase Behavior for Conventional and Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoirs critical for today’s reservoir engineer to effectively manage and maximize the company’s oil and gas reservoir assets.

  • Reevaluate reservoir phase behavior and dynamics with new information on shale oil and gas hydrates, critical for today’s reservoir
  • Improve on effect of salt concentration and application to C02-Acid Gas Disposal with content on water-hydrocarbon systems
  • Gain practical experience with PVT and tuning of EOS with additional online excel spreadsheet examples

Daugiau informacijos

Up-to-date guide on the reservoir management of shale oil and gas that is a critical resource for today's reservoir engineer
List of Contributors
xiii
Biography xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xix
1 Oil and Gas Properties and Correlations
1(64)
E. Mahdavi
M. Suleymani
N. Rahmanian
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Crude Oil Properties
2(43)
1.2.1 Oil Density
2(12)
1.2.2 Oil Gravity
14(1)
1.2.3 Oil Compressibility
14(3)
1.2.4 Oil Bubble Point Pressure
17(3)
1.2.5 Solution Gas Oil Ratio
20(4)
1.2.6 Oil Formation Volume Factor
24(7)
1.2.7 Oil Viscosity
31(14)
1.3 Gas Properties
45(12)
1.3.1 Gas Density
45(4)
1.3.2 Gas Compressibility
49(1)
1.3.3 Gas Formation Volume Factor
50(1)
1.3.4 Total Formation Volume Factor
51(1)
1.3.5 Gas Viscosity
52(5)
1.4 Interfacial Tension
57(8)
1.4.1 Parachor Model
57(2)
Problems
59(3)
References
62(3)
2 Equations of State
65(52)
M. Mesbah
A. Bahadori
2.1 Introduction
65(1)
2.2 Cubic Equation of State (EOS)
66(17)
2.3 Noncubic EOS
83(16)
2.4 Corresponding State Correlations
99(8)
2.5 Mixing Rules
107(10)
Problems
113(1)
References
113(4)
3 Plus Fraction Characterization
117(72)
M. Mesbah
A. Bahadori
3.1 Introduction
117(1)
3.2 Experimental Methods
118(10)
3.2.1 True Boiling Point Distillation Method
118(5)
3.2.2 Chromatography
123(5)
3.3 Splitting Methods
128(28)
3.3.1 Katz Method
135(2)
3.3.2 Pedersen Method
137(3)
3.3.3 Gamma Distribution Method
140(16)
3.4 Properties Estimation
156(23)
3.4.1 Watson Characterization Factor Estimation
156(1)
3.4.2 Boiling Point Estimation
157(1)
3.4.3 Critical Properties and Acentric Factor Estimation
158(7)
3.4.4 Molecular Weight Estimation
165(2)
3.4.5 Specific Gravity Estimation
167(12)
3.5 Recommended Plus Fraction Characterization Procedure
179(10)
Problems
183(3)
References
186(3)
4 Tuning Equations of State
189(60)
M. Mesbah
A. Bahadori
4.1 Matching the Saturation Pressure Using the Extended Groups
190(17)
4.2 Grouping Methods
207(13)
4.2.1 Whitson Method
208(1)
4.2.2 Pedersen et al. Method (Equal Weight Method)
209(5)
4.2.3 The Cotterman and Prausnitz Method (Equal Mole Method)
214(2)
4.2.4 Danesh et al. Method
216(3)
4.2.5 The Aguilar and McCain Method
219(1)
4.3 Composition Retrieval
220(4)
4.4 Assigning Properties to Multiple Carbon Number
224(7)
4.5 Matching the Saturation Pressure Using the Grouped Composition
231(11)
4.6 Volume Translation
242(7)
Problems
244(2)
References
246(3)
5 Vapor---Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) Calculations
249(44)
E. Soroush
A. Bahadori
5.1 An Introduction to Equilibrium
249(5)
5.2 Flash Calculations
254(1)
5.3 Methods of Finding K-Value
255(7)
5.3.1 Ideal Concept
255(3)
5.3.2 Fugacity-Derived Equilibrium Ratio (φ--φ Approach)
258(1)
5.3.3 Activity-Derived Equilibrium Ratios (γ--φ Approach)
258(1)
5.3.4 Correlations for Finding Equilibrium Ratio
259(3)
5.4 Bubble and Dew-point Calculations
262(12)
5.5 A Discussion on the Stability
274(9)
5.6 Multiphase Flash Calculations
283(2)
5.7 Calculation of Saturation Pressures With Stability Analysis
285(4)
5.8 Identifying Phases
289(4)
Problems
289(1)
References
290(3)
6 Fluid Sampling
293(40)
M.A. Ahmadi
A. Bahadori
6.1 Introduction
293(2)
6.2 Sampling Method
295(4)
6.2.1 Subsurface Sampling
295(4)
6.3 Recombination
299(10)
6.3.1 Case 1
299(2)
6.3.2 Case 2
301(2)
6.3.3 Case 3
303(2)
6.3.4 Case 4
305(4)
6.4 PVT Tests
309(12)
6.4.1 Differential Test
310(1)
6.4.2 Swelling Test
311(1)
6.4.3 Separator Test
312(2)
6.4.4 Constant Composition Test
314(2)
6.4.5 Constant Volume Depletion
316(3)
6.4.6 Differential Liberation Test
319(2)
6.5 Flash Calculation
321(12)
Problems
326(5)
References
331(2)
7 Retrograde Gas Condensate
333(72)
M.A. Ahmadi
A. Bahadori
7.1 Introduction
333(2)
7.2 Gas-Condensate Flow Regions
335(2)
7.2.1 Condensate Blockage
336(1)
7.2.2 Composition Change and Hydrocarbon Recovery
336(1)
7.3 Equations of State
337(13)
7.3.1 Van der Waals's Equation of State
338(2)
7.3.2 Soave---Redlich---Kwong Equation of State
340(1)
7.3.3 The Soave---Redlich---Kwong---Square Well Equation of State
341(1)
7.3.4 Peng---Robinson Equation of State
342(1)
7.3.5 Peng---Robinson---Gasem Equation of State
343(1)
7.3.6 Nasrifar and Moshfeghian (NM) Equation of State
344(2)
7.3.7 Schmidt and Wenzel Equation of State
346(1)
7.3.8 The Patel---Teja Equation of State and Modifications
347(1)
7.3.9 Mohsen---Nia---Modarress---Mansoori Equation of State
348(1)
7.3.10 Adachi---Lu---Sugie Equation of State
349(1)
7.4 Mixing Rules
350(1)
7.5 Heavy Fractions
351(1)
7.6 Gas Properties
352(53)
7.6.1 Viscosity
352(8)
7.6.2 Z Factor
360(12)
7.6.3 Density
372(4)
7.6.4 Formation Volume Factor
376(1)
7.6.5 Equilibrium Ratio
376(5)
7.6.6 Dew-Point Pressure
381(11)
Problems
392(7)
References
399(6)
8 Gas Hydrates
405(40)
M.A. Ahmadi
A. Bahadori
8.1 Introduction
405(1)
8.2 Types and Properties of Hydrates
405(2)
8.3 Thermodynamic Conditions for Hydrate Formation
407(22)
8.3.1 Calculating Hydrate Formation Condition
408(21)
8.4 Hydrate Deposition
429(1)
8.5 Hydrate Inhibitions
430(15)
8.5.1 Calculating the Amount of Hydrate Inhibitors
431(4)
8.5.2 Calculating Inhibitor Loss in Hydrocarbon Phase
435(3)
8.5.3 Inhibitor Injection Rates
438(1)
Problems
438(3)
References
441(4)
9 Characterization of Shale Gas
445(38)
M.A. Ahmadi
A. Bahadori
9.1 Introduction
445(2)
9.2 Shale Gas Reservoir Characteristics
447(1)
9.3 Basic Science Behind Confinement
448(13)
9.3.1 Impact of Confinement on Critical Properties
450(5)
9.3.2 Diffusion Effect Due to Confinement
455(1)
9.3.3 Capillary Pressure
456(1)
9.3.4 Adsorption Phenomenon in Shale Reservoirs
457(4)
9.4 Effect of Confinement on Phase Envelope
461(22)
Problems
474(4)
References
478(5)
10 Characterization of Shale Oil
483(38)
M.A. Ahmadi
A. Bahadori
10.1 Introduction
483(4)
10.2 Types of Fluids in Shale Reservoirs and Genesis of Liquid in Shale Pores
487(2)
10.3 Shale Pore Structure and Heterogeneity
489(2)
10.4 Shale Oil Extraction
491(3)
10.4.1 History
491(1)
10.4.2 Processing Principles
492(1)
10.4.3 Extraction Technologies
493(1)
10.5 Including Confinement in Thermodynamics
494(27)
10.5.1 Classical Thermodynamics
494(6)
10.5.2 Modification of Flash to Incorporate Capillary Pressure ir Tight Pores
500(2)
10.5.3 Stability Test Using Gibbs Free Energy Approach
502(2)
10.5.4 Impact of Critical Property Shifts Due to Confinement on Hydrocarbon Production
504(8)
Problems
512(4)
References
516(5)
Index 521
Alireza Bahadori, PhD, CEng, MIChemE, CPEng, MIEAust, RPEQ, NER is a research staff member in the School of Environment, Science and Engineering at Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia, and managing director and CEO of Australian Oil and Gas Services, Pty. Ltd. He received his PhD from Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia. During the past twenty years, Dr. Bahadori has held various process and petroleum engineering positions and was involved in many large-scale oil and gas projects. His multiple books have been published by multiple major publishers, including Elsevier. He is Chartered Engineer (CEng) and Chartered Member of Institution of Chemical Engineers, London, UK (MIChemE). Chartered Professional Engineer (CPEng) and Chartered Member of Institution of Engineers Australia, Registered Professional Engineer of Queensland (RPEQ), Registered Chartered Engineer of Engineering Council of United Kingdom and Engineers Australia's National Engineering Register (NER).
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