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El. knyga: Foodborne Microbial Pathogens: Mechanisms and Pathogenesis

  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Serija: Food Science Text Series
  • Išleidimo metai: 22-Nov-2007
  • Leidėjas: Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780387745374
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Serija: Food Science Text Series
  • Išleidimo metai: 22-Nov-2007
  • Leidėjas: Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780387745374
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This graduate-level textbook focuses on the very latest information on the molecular and cellular mechanism of several major foodborne bacterial pathogens. For the first time this book links foodborne illness and immunology. It also covers virulence genes and their regulation in the host or the food environment, pathogenicity testing models, clinical symptoms and prevention and control strategies. A prerequisite to understanding the disease process is an understanding of the role of the immune system in that process. Thus, unlike other textbooks this one also covers the host/parasite interaction to a level where readers have a real appreciation of the disease mechanism. Now, more food microbiology training courses have begun to emphasize the importance of basic research and its power to solve practical problems. Thus it is imperative to acquire a better understanding of foodborne pathogens. And this is what this brilliant and timely contribution to the subject offers.

Undoubtedly in the past 10-20 years, impact of foodborne pathogens has been overwhelming because of high rate of fatalities, illnesses, and the fear of being exposed to incurable infective agents or toxins. Rapid growth in the centralized food production industries, aggressive agricultural practices and changes in food consumption habits are contributing factors for the emergence of increased foodborne infections by new or old pathogens resulting in several outbreaks, product recalls and economic losses. These events prompted increased research activities to understand the pathogens and their pathogenic mechanisms, and prevention and control strategies. Modern molecular tools also facilitated our understanding of the function and regulations of virulent or other accessory genes. Above all, the complete genome sequence of several important foodborne pathogens helped unravel the molecular basis of pathogenesis.Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens: Mechanisms and Pathogenisis will be a graduate level textbook focusing on up-to-date information on molecular and cellular mechanism of several major foodborne bacterial pathogens, virulence genes and their regulation in the host or the food environment, pathogenicity testing models, clinical symptoms and prevention and control strategies. In order to understand the disease process, one must have certain understanding about the role of immune system in the disease process. Thus, unlike other textbooks this book will also cover the host parasite interaction to a level where the readers would have better appreciation for the disease mechanism. For the first time a book will link foodborne illness and immunology.Traditionally, food science or food microbiology has been perceived as a applied science and thus most research programs or teaching curricula did not include topics related to molecular aspect of pathogenesis or mechanism of disease production or survival strategies in food or the host or the influence of food production or processing on pathogens behavior. It is simply because of the lack of adequate knowledge on these topics. As the knowledge base grew and the potential impact of food environment on pathogens behavior is realized, more and more food microbiology training began to emphasize the importance of the basic research and its power of solving practical problems. Therefore, to move this field forward, it is imperative for students, educators and the industry personnel alike to acquire a better understanding of the foodborne pathogens. Hopefully concerted efforts would eventually help formulate strategies that would one day resolve problems with foodborne outbreaks, infections and mortalities.

Recenzijos

From the reviews:









"A well-organized work covering a variety of foodborne microorganisms. Figures and tables are used well throughout the book to illustrate topics, and references are included at the end of each chapter. Readers without a thorough knowledge of immunology and microbiology will find this a useful resource, as the author provides enough information for them to understand the concepts presented. Summing Up: Recommended. General readers; lower-division undergraduates." (P. M. Watt, CHOICE, Vol. 45 (11), August, 2008)

Preface vii
Introduction to Foodborne Pathogens
1(16)
Introduction
1(3)
What is a Pathogen?
4(1)
What are the Attributes of Pathogenicity?
4(2)
Sources of Foodborne Pathogens
6(3)
Meats, Ground Meat, and Organ Meats
6(1)
Vacuum Packaged Meats
7(1)
Poultry
7(1)
Seafoods
7(1)
Fruits and Vegetables
8(1)
Dairy Products
8(1)
Delicatessen Foods
9(1)
Foodborne Pathogen Statistics and Socioeconomic Impact
9(2)
Why High Incidence of Foodborne Outbreaks?
11(4)
Surveillance and Reporting
12(1)
Changes in the Agricultural Practices and the Food Manufacturing
12(2)
Changes in Consumer Habits
14(1)
Increased At-Risk Populations
14(1)
Improved Detection Methods and Tracking of Pathogens
14(1)
Emerging Pathogens with Improved Survivability in Stressed Conditions
15(1)
Summary
15(2)
Further Readings
16(1)
Biology of Microbes Associated with Food
17(34)
Introduction
17(1)
Bacteria
17(2)
Gram-Positive Bacteria
19(2)
Cell Wall and Peptidoglycan
19(2)
Teichoic Acid and Lipoteichoic Acid
21(1)
Cytoplasmic Membrane
21(1)
Gram-Negative Bacteria
21(5)
Outer Membrane
21(1)
Peptidoglycan
22(1)
Periplasmic Space
23(1)
Protein Secretion Systems
23(1)
Accessory Structures in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria
23(1)
Endospore Formation
24(2)
Diseases Caused by Viruses
26(11)
Introduction
26(2)
Significance of Viral Infection
28(1)
Sources and Transmission
28(1)
Virus Classification/Taxonomy
28(1)
Structure
28(1)
Adenovirus
29(1)
Astrovirus
29(1)
Rotavirus
29(1)
Polio
30(1)
Hepatitis A Virus
30(2)
Norovirus
32(1)
Bird-Flu Virus
33(2)
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
35(1)
Prevention and Control of Foodborne Viruses
36(1)
Diseases Caused by Parasites
37(5)
Characteristics
37(1)
Protozoa
37(4)
Flat Worm (Tapeworm)
41(1)
Round Worm
42(1)
Diseases Caused by Mycotoxins
42(5)
Characteristics
42(2)
Aflatoxin
44(1)
Ochratoxin
45(1)
Fumonosins
45(1)
Tricothecenes
45(1)
Patulin
46(1)
Penicillic Acid
46(1)
Zearalenone
46(1)
Citrinin
46(1)
Alternaria Toxin
46(1)
Ergot Alkaloids
46(1)
Prevention and Control of Mycotoxins
47(1)
Diseases Caused by Seafood Toxins
47(1)
Ciguatera Toxin
47(1)
Scombroid Toxin
47(1)
Saxitoxin
48(1)
Summary
48(3)
Further Readings
49(2)
Host Defense Against Foodborne Pathogens
51(42)
Introduction
51(1)
Innate Immune Response
51(1)
Adaptive Immune Response
52(1)
Innate Immunity of Intestinal Tract
53(7)
Skin
53(1)
Mucus Membrane
53(1)
Goblet Cells and Mucus
54(1)
Antimicrobial Peptides
55(1)
Resident Microbiota
56(2)
Toll-Like Receptors
58(1)
Other Components of Innate Immunity
59(1)
Adaptive Immunity
60(1)
Characteristics of Adaptive Immune Response
60(1)
Phases of Immune Response
61(1)
Tissues and Cells of Immune System
61(7)
Tissues
61(2)
Cells of Immune System
63(5)
Cytokines
68(8)
Cytokines in Natural Immunity
70(1)
B-Lymphocytes
71(2)
Classes of Immunoglobulins
73(1)
Diversity of Antibodies
73(1)
Antibody Production
74(1)
Function of Antibody
75(1)
Antigen
76(1)
Types of Antigens
76(1)
Epitope or Antigenic Determinant
76(1)
Hapten
77(1)
Antigen-Antibody Reaction
77(1)
The Major Histocompatibility Complex
77(4)
Structure of MHC
77(1)
Antigen Presenting Cells
78(2)
MHC-Restricted Antigen Processing and Presentation
80(1)
The Complement System
81(4)
The Classical Pathway
81(2)
Alternative Pathway
83(1)
Function of Complement
84(1)
Control of Complement Activation
84(1)
Immunity to Microbes
85(2)
Extracellular Bacteria
85(1)
Innate Immunity
86(1)
Adaptive Immune Response
86(1)
Evasion of Immune System by Extracellular Bacteria
86(1)
Intracellular Bacteria
87(1)
Innate Immunity
87(1)
Adaptive Immunity
87(1)
Evasion of Immune System
88(1)
Immunity to Virus
88(1)
Innate Immunity
88(1)
Adaptive Immunity
89(1)
Evasion of Immune System by Viruses
89(1)
Immunity to Parasites
89(1)
Innate Immunity
90(1)
Adaptive Immunity
90(1)
Evasion of Immune System
90(1)
Summary
90(3)
Further Readings
91(2)
General Mechanism of Pathogenesis for Foodborne Pathogens
93(20)
Introduction
93(1)
Foodborne Infection
93(8)
Infectious Dose
94(1)
Colonization and Adhesion Factors
94(3)
Invasion and Intracellular Residence
97(3)
Iron Acquisition
100(1)
Motility and Chemotaxis
100(1)
Evasion of Immune System
100(1)
Intoxication
101(1)
Toxicoinfection
101(7)
Toxins
101(5)
Endotoxin
106(2)
Genetic Regulation and Secretion Systems for Virulence Factors
108(3)
Pathogenicity Islands
108(1)
Protein Secretion System
108(2)
Regulation of Virulence Genes
110(1)
Summary
111(2)
Further Readings
111(2)
Animal and Cell Culture Models to Study Foodborne Pathogen Interaction
113(12)
Introduction
113(1)
Animal Model
113(1)
Organ Culture
114(1)
Ligated-Ileal Loop Assay
115(1)
Embryonated-Egg Assay
115(1)
Cultured Cell Lines
115(3)
Measurement of Virulence
118(3)
Animal Model
118(1)
Cell Culture Model
118(3)
Measurement of Specific Steps in Colonization and Invasion
121(1)
Animal Model
121(1)
Cell Culture Models
122(1)
Summary
122(3)
Further Readings
123(2)
Staphylococcus aureus
125(10)
Introduction
125(1)
Classification
125(1)
Morphology
126(1)
Cultural and Biochemical Characteristics
126(1)
Virulence Factors
127(1)
Food Association and Toxin Production
128(1)
Enterotoxins
128(1)
Molecular Regulation of Virulence Gene Expression
129(1)
Mechanism of Pathogenesis
130(1)
Symptoms
131(1)
Prevention and Control
132(1)
Detection
132(1)
Culture Methods
132(1)
Cytotoxicity-Based Assays
132(1)
Nucleic Acid-Based Methods
132(1)
Immunoassays
133(1)
Other Rapid Methods
133(1)
Summary
133(2)
Further Readings
134(1)
Bacillus cereus and Bacillus anthracis
135(14)
Introduction
135(1)
Biology
135(1)
Classification
136(1)
Foods Involved
137(1)
Toxins and Enzymes
137(3)
Emetic Toxin
138(1)
Enterotoxins
139(1)
Hemolysins
140(1)
Regulation of Toxins
140(1)
Pathogenesis
140(1)
Emetic Toxin
141(1)
Diarrheagenic Toxin
141(1)
Prevention and Control
141(1)
Detection
142(2)
Conventional Methods
142(1)
Animal and Cell Culture Method
143(1)
PCR
143(1)
Antibody-Based Assay
144(1)
Bacillus anthracis
144(3)
Biology
144(1)
Virulence Factors
144(2)
Pathogenesis
146(1)
Treatment and Prevention
146(1)
Detection of B. anthracis
146(1)
Summary
147(2)
Further Readings
147(2)
Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium perfringens
149(16)
Introduction
149(1)
Classification of Clostridium Species
149(1)
Clostridium botulinum
149(9)
Biology
149(1)
Sources
150(1)
Botulism
151(2)
Mechanism of Pathogenesis
153(3)
Symptoms
156(1)
Prevention and Treatment
156(1)
Detection
157(1)
Clostridium perfringens
158(4)
Biology
158(1)
Sources
158(1)
Toxins
158(2)
Genetic Regulation of Virulence
160(1)
Pathogenic Mechanism
160(2)
Symptoms, Prevention, and Control
162(1)
Detection
162(1)
Summary
162(3)
Further Readings
163(2)
Listeria monocytogenes
165(18)
Introduction
165(1)
Classification
166(1)
Biology
166(1)
Flagella
167(1)
Sources
168(1)
Disease
168(2)
Gastrointestinal Form
168(1)
Systemic Listeriosis
169(1)
Abortion and Neonatal Listeriosis
169(1)
Mechanism of Pathogenesis
170(1)
Intestinal Phase of Infection and Systemic Spread
170(1)
Attachment and Entry
171(6)
Internalin A
173(2)
Internalin B
175(1)
LAP
176(1)
Autolysin Amidase
176(1)
p60
176(1)
Vip
177(1)
Miscellaneous Adhesion Proteins
177(1)
Lysis of Vacuole (Phagosome)
177(1)
Listeriolysin
177(1)
Phosphatidylinositol-Specific PLC
178(1)
Intracellular Growth
178(1)
Cell-to-Cell Spread
178(1)
ActA
178(1)
Phosphatidylcholine-Specific PLC
179(1)
Regulation of Virulence Genes
179(1)
Immunity to Listeria monocytogenes
180(1)
Prevention and Control
180(1)
Summary
181(2)
Further Readings
182(1)
Escherichia coli
183(18)
Introduction
183(1)
Sources
183(1)
Classification
184(1)
Serotypes
184(1)
Virotypes
184(1)
Enterotoxigenic E. coli
185(3)
Virulence Factors and Pathogenesis
186(2)
Enteropathogenic E. coli
188(2)
Pathogenesis of EPEC
188(2)
LEE and Regulation of Virulence Genes
190(1)
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
190(6)
Biology
190(1)
Food Association
191(1)
EHEC Pathogenesis
191(2)
Type III Secretion System and Delivery of Effector Proteins During EHEC Pathogenesis
193(2)
Inflammation
195(1)
Enterohemolysin
195(1)
Other Virulence Factors
195(1)
Regulation of Virulence Genes
196(1)
Symptoms and Complications
196(1)
Enteroaggregative E. coli
196(1)
Characteristics
196(1)
Adhesion Factors
196(1)
Toxins
197(1)
EAEC Pathogenesis
197(1)
Symptoms and Diagnosis
197(1)
Enteroinvasive E. coli
197(1)
Characteristics
197(1)
Disease and Symptoms
197(1)
Diffusely Adhering E. coli
198(1)
Animal and Cell Culture Model Used for Diagnosis of E. coli
198(1)
Control and Prevention of E. coli-Mediated Diarrhea
198(1)
Summary
199(1)
Further Readings
200(1)
Salmonella enterica
201(16)
Introduction
201(1)
Biology
201(1)
Source and Transmission
202(1)
Classification
202(1)
Major Groups
203(1)
Pathogenic Mechanism
203(2)
Gastroenteritis
203(2)
Pathogenicity Islands
205(2)
SPI-1
205(1)
SPI-2
206(1)
SPI-3
206(1)
SPI-4
206(1)
SPI-5
206(1)
SPI-6
206(1)
SPI-7 or Major Pathogenicity Island (MPI)
206(1)
SPI-8
206(1)
SPI-9
207(1)
SPI-10
207(1)
Salmonella Genomic Island-1 (SGI-1)
207(1)
High Pathogenicity Island (HPI)
207(1)
Type III Secretion System
207(1)
Adhesion and Colonization
207(1)
Invasion and Intracellular Growth
208(3)
Phagocytosis by M-Cells
208(1)
Phagocytosis by Dendritic Cells
208(1)
Induced Phagocytosis
209(2)
Survival in Phagocytes
211(1)
Regulation of Virulence Genes
211(1)
RpoS Regulator
211(1)
ATR Response
212(1)
Treatment and Prevention of Gastroenteritis
212(1)
Typhoid Fever
212(2)
Detection
214(1)
Summary
214(3)
Further Readings
215(2)
Campylobacter and Arcobacter
217(10)
Campylobacter
217(5)
Introduction
217(1)
Biology
218(1)
Classification
219(1)
Sources
219(1)
Antibiotic Resistance
219(1)
Disease
220(1)
Mechanism of Pathogenesis
220(2)
Regulation of Virulence Genes
222(1)
Symptoms
222(1)
Arcobacter
222(2)
Prevention and Control
223(1)
Detection of Campylobacter and Arcobacter
224(1)
Summary
224(1)
Further Readings
225(2)
Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pestis
227(14)
Introduction
227(1)
Yersinia enterocolitica
228(8)
Biology
228(1)
Classification
228(1)
Sources
228(1)
Virulence Factors
229(1)
Chromosome-Linked Virulence Gene Products
229(2)
Plasmid (pVY)-Linked Virulence Gene Products
231(1)
Type III Secretion System
232(1)
Pathogenic Mechanism
232(2)
Symptoms
234(1)
Prevention and Control
235(1)
Detection
235(1)
Yersinia pestis
236(2)
Introduction
236(1)
Biology
237(1)
Pathogenesis
237(1)
Treatment and Prevention
238(1)
Detection of Y. pestis
238(1)
Summary
238(3)
Further Readings
239(2)
Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus
241(12)
Introduction
241(1)
Classification
241(1)
Biology
241(1)
Source and Transmission
242(1)
Vibrio cholerae
242(4)
Introduction
242(1)
Biology
242(1)
Gastroenteritis
243(1)
Pathogenic Mechanism
244(1)
Cholera Toxin
244(1)
Other Toxins
245(1)
Immune Response to CT
246(1)
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
246(2)
Biology
246(1)
Pathogenesis
247(1)
Toxins
247(1)
Vibrio vulnificus
248(3)
Introduction
248(1)
Pathogenic Mechanism
248(1)
Acquisition of Iron
248(1)
Flagella and Motility
249(1)
Hemolysin
249(1)
Metalloprotease
249(1)
Septicemia
249(1)
Wound Infection
250(1)
Control and Prevention of Infection by Vibrio species
250(1)
Detection of Vibrio species
251(1)
Summary
251(2)
Further Readings
252(1)
Shigella species
253(14)
Introduction
253(1)
Biology
253(1)
Classification
254(1)
Source and Transmission
254(1)
Pathogenesis
254(2)
Invasion
256(3)
Intracellular Multiplication
259(1)
Bacterial Movement: Inter- and Intracellular Spreading
259(1)
Cell Death and Inflammation
260(1)
Shiga Toxin and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
260(1)
Regulation of Virulence Genes
261(1)
Resistance Against Infection
261(1)
Symptoms
262(1)
Prevention and Control
262(1)
Diagnosis and Detection
263(1)
Animal and Cell Culture Models
263(1)
Bacterial Culture Methods
263(1)
Immunological Methods
263(1)
Molecular Techniques
264(1)
Summary
264(3)
Further Readings
264(3)
Glossary 267(2)
Index 269


Arun K. Bhunia, B.V.Sc., Ph.D., is a professor of molecular food microbiology in the Department of Food Science at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana. Prof. Bhunia received his PhD from University of Wyoming. He received his Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine degree from Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya (currently West Bengal University of Fishery and Animal Sciences), West Bengal, India. He received his postdoctoral training from University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, in 1994 and then joined Alabama A&M University as an Assistant Professor in 1995. In 1998, he joined the Department of Food Science at Purdue University. He teaches two graduate level courses: Microbial Foodborne Pathogen this course deals with mechanism of pathogenesis of foodborne pathogens and toxins and the host immune response to infections. Microbial Techniques for Food Pathogen is a laboratory course that incorporates rapid methods employing immunoassays, genetic and biosensor tools. In addition, he co-directs a graduate level seminar course - "Gut Microbiology Journal Club. He conducts research in the area of foodborne pathogens with major emphasis on pathogen detection utilizing biosensor, cell-based sensor, immunosensor, immunoassays and genetic tools. The primary target organisms are Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Bacillus cereus. In addition, he conducts research to investigate pathogenic mechanism especially the intestinal phase of infection for Listeria monocytogenes. He is also involved in developing mammalian cell culture-based rapid assays for foodborne pathogens. His research has been funded by grants from US Department of Agriculture, National Science Foundation, and Center for Food Safety Engineering at Purdue University.



To date, Prof. Bhunia has published 86 refereed and 21 proceedings articles, coauthored a text book "Fundamental Food Microbiology,4th Edition, CRC Press, and co-edited two books (Foodborne Pathogens: Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2005; Caister Academic Press, and The Science of Homeland Security, 2006, Purdue University Press). He has written eight book chapters, and presented over 100 presentations in national and international meetings or institutions. He is a member of American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Society for Microbiology, Institute of Food Technologists, and Society for Photo Optical Engineers, and he currently serves as editorial board member for two refereed journals; Journal of Food Protection, Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment. In 2003, Prof. Bhunia received a prestigious Purdue Agricultural Research Award, in 2005, he was selected as University Faculty Scholar and his research team received "2006 Agriculture Team Award" from Purdue University.