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El. knyga: Forensic Anthropology: Current Methods and Practice

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(Full Professor in the Department of Anthrop), (Assistant Professor and the Forensic Anthropology Program Coordinator at Western Carolina University, NC, USA), (Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Laboratory in Quantico, Virginia, USA)
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 30-Dec-2013
  • Leidėjas: Academic Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780124172906
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  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 30-Dec-2013
  • Leidėjas: Academic Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780124172906
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Christensen, Passalacqua, and Bartelink present this text on forensic anthropology, beginning with an introduction to the history and current state of the field and then presenting principles of human osteology, odontology, and skeletal examination. The medicolegal context of forensics is presented, followed by forensic taphonomy and processing and preparation of scenes and remains. The focus then shifts to laboratory methods, covering the estimation of sex, ancestry, age, and stature from biological norms and variability. Skeletal, dental, and DNA characteristics that may help with individual identification, as well as analysis of skeletal trauma, are discussed. The final chapter discusses the current place of forensic anthropology in the scientific community and upcoming challenges and research. Case studies as well as "test yourself" questions are included. Annotation ©2014 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

Forensic Anthropology: Current Methods and Practice-winner of a 2015 Textbook Excellence Award (Texty) from The Text and Academic Authors Association-approaches forensic anthropology through an innovative style using current practices and real case studies drawn from the varied experiences, backgrounds, and practices of working forensic anthropologists. This text guides the reader through all aspects of human remains recovery and forensic anthropological analysis, presenting principles at a level that is appropriate for those new to the field, while at the same time incorporating evolutionary, biomechanical, and other theoretical foundations for the features and phenomena encountered in forensic anthropological casework.

Attention is focused primarily on the most recent and scientifically valid applications commonly employed by working forensic anthropologists. Readers will therefore learn about innovative techniques in the discipline, and aspiring practitioners will be prepared by understanding the necessary background needed to work in the field today. Instructors and students will findForensic Anthropology: Current Methods and Practice comprehensive, practical, and relevant to the modern discipline of forensic anthropology.

  • Winner of a 2015 Most Promising New Textbook Award from the Text and Academic Authors Association
  • Focuses on modern methods, recent advances in research and technology, and current challenges in the science of forensic anthropology
  • Addresses issues of international relevance such as the role of forensic anthropology in mass disaster response and human rights investigations
  • Includes chapter summaries, topicoriented case studies, keywords, and reflective questions to increase active student learning

Daugiau informacijos

Winner of a 2015 Most Promising New Textbook Award from the Text and Academic Authors Association
Foreword xi
Preface xiii
Author Biographies xv
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(18)
1.1 Forensic anthropology
1(1)
1.2 History of forensic anthropology
2(1)
1.3 Forensic anthropology today
3(2)
1.4 Careers in forensic anthropology
5(8)
1.5 Layout of this book
13(2)
1.6 Summary
15(1)
1.7 Test yourself
16(3)
Definitions
16(1)
References
17(2)
Chapter 2 Human Osteology and Odontology
19(36)
2.1 Principles of human osteology and odontology
19(1)
2.2 Bone biology
20(2)
2.3 Bone growth and development
22(2)
2.4 Skeletal anatomy
24(14)
2.5 Dentition
38(13)
2.6 Summary
51(1)
2.7 Test yourself
51(4)
Definitions
51(2)
References
53(2)
Chapter 3 Skeletal Examination and Documentation Methods
55(36)
3.1 Examination methods
55(24)
Macroscopic analysis
56(1)
Metric analysis
57(17)
Radiology
74(2)
Histology
76(1)
Elemental analysis
77(2)
3.2 Skeletal remains as evidence
79(4)
Quality assurance
80(1)
Case documentation
80(2)
Reporting and report writing
82(1)
3.3 Case studies
83(2)
3.4 Summary
85(1)
3.5 Test yourself
86(5)
Definitions
86(1)
References
87(4)
Chapter 4 Medicolegal Significance
91(28)
4.1 The medicolegal context
91(1)
4.2 Skeletal versus non-skeletal material
92(4)
4.3 Human versus non-human skeletal material
96(9)
4.4 Contemporary versus non-contemporary human skeletal remains
105(6)
4.5 Other considerations in medicolegal significance
111(1)
4.6 Case study: human or non-human?
111(1)
4.7 Summary
112(1)
4.8 Test yourself
113(6)
Definitions
114(1)
References
115(4)
Chapter 5 Forensic Taphonomy
119(30)
5.1 Principles of forensic taphonomy
119(2)
5.2 Decomposition and postmortem soft tissue changes
121(4)
5.3 Postmortem skeletal changes
125(2)
5.4 Scavenging
127(6)
5.5 Body movement and disarticulation patterns
133(1)
5.6 Estimating time since death
134(5)
5.7 Additional considerations in forensic taphonomy
139(2)
5.8 Case study - forensic taphonomy
141(1)
5.9 Summary
142(1)
5.10 Test yourself
143(6)
Definitions
143(2)
References
145(4)
Chapter 6 Forensic Archaeology and Scene Processing Methods
149(30)
6.1 Principles of forensic archaeology
149(1)
6.2 Recovery scenes
150(1)
6.3 Archaeological methods and theory
151(2)
6.4 Detection methods
153(5)
6.5 Recovery methods
158(4)
6.6 Scene documentation
162(9)
6.7 Evidence collection and packaging
171(1)
6.8 Case study - burial recovery
171(3)
6.9 Case study - fatal fire scene
174(1)
6.10 Summary
175(1)
6.11 Test yourself
176(3)
Definitions
176(1)
References
177(2)
Chapter 7 Processing and Preparing Remains
179(20)
7.1 Principles of skeletal processing and preparation
179(1)
7.2 Processing methods
180(6)
7.3 Skeletal reconstruction
186(1)
7.4 Commingling
187(3)
7.5 Skeletal sampling
190(1)
7.6 Skeletal preservation
191(4)
7.7 Case study - processing
195(1)
7.8 Summary
195(1)
7.9 Test yourself
196(3)
Definitions
196(1)
References
197(2)
Chapter 8 Sex Estimation
199(24)
8.1 Principles of sex estimation
199(3)
8.2 Morphoscopic (non-metric) analysis
202(11)
8.3 Metric analysis
213(3)
8.4 Other considerations in sex estimation
216(1)
8.5 Case study - sex estimation
217(1)
8.6 Summary
218(1)
8.7 Test yourself
219(4)
Definitions
219(1)
References
220(3)
Chapter 9 Ancestry Estimation
223(20)
9.1 Principles of ancestry estimation
223(4)
9.2 Morphoscopic (non-metric) analysis
227(5)
9.3 Craniometric analysis
232(1)
9.4 Postcranial methods
233(1)
9.5 Other considerations in ancestry estimation
234(3)
9.6 Case study - ancestry estimation
237(1)
9.7 Summary
238(1)
9.8 Test yourself
239(4)
Definitions
240(1)
References
240(3)
Chapter 10 Age Estimation
243(42)
10.1 Principles of age estimation
243(1)
10.2 Age categories
244(2)
10.3 Juvenile (subadult) age estimation
246(15)
Dental methods
246(5)
Osteological methods
251(10)
10.4 Adult age estimation
261(14)
Pubic symphysis
261(1)
Auricular surface
261(8)
Sternal rib ends
269(1)
Histological aging methods
269(3)
Dentition
272(1)
General indicators of advanced age
273(2)
10.5 Other considerations in age estimation
275(1)
10.6 Case study: juvenile age estimation
276(1)
10.7 Case study: adult age estimation
277(2)
10.8 Summary
279(1)
10.9 Test yourself
280(5)
Definitions
280(1)
References
281(4)
Chapter 11 Stature Estimation
285(16)
11.1 Principles of stature estimation
285(1)
11.2 Full skeleton methods
285(2)
11.3 Regression methods
287(5)
11.4 Other considerations in stature estimation
292(2)
11.5 Case study - stature estimation
294(2)
11.6 Summary
296(1)
11.7 Test yourself
296(5)
Definitions
297(1)
References
297(4)
Chapter 12 Individual Skeletal Variation
301(40)
12.1 Principles of skeletal variation
301(1)
12.2 Normal skeletal variation
302(3)
12.3 Anomalies
305(8)
12.4 Pathological conditions
313(18)
12.5 Repetitive activity
331(1)
12.6 Case study - ankylosis
332(1)
12.7 Case study - dental anomalies
333(1)
12.8 Summary
334(1)
12.9 Test yourself
335(6)
Definitions
335(2)
References
337(4)
Chapter 13 Analysis of Skeletal Trauma
341(38)
13.1 Principles of trauma analysis
341(1)
13.2 Forces, bone biomechanics, and fractures
341(6)
13.3 Trauma timing
347(5)
13.4 Trauma mechanism
352(17)
Blunt force trauma
352(4)
High velocity projectile trauma
356(4)
Sharp force trauma
360(3)
Thermal alterations
363(4)
Blast trauma
367(2)
13.5 Cause and manner of death
369(1)
13.6 Case study - perimortem fall from a height
370(1)
13.7 Case study - antemortem and perimortem pediatric trauma
371(1)
13.8 Summary
372(1)
13.9 Test yourself
373(6)
Definitions
373(2)
References
375(4)
Chapter 14 Personal Identification
379(26)
14.1 Principles of personal identification
379(1)
14.2 Narrowing the pool of potential matches
380(2)
14.3 Identification comparisons
382(10)
14.4 Quantitative approaches
392(3)
14.5 DNA analysis
395(1)
14.6 Facial approximation
396(2)
14.7 Case study - radiographic comparison of foot
398(1)
14.8 Case study - exclusion based on cranial radiographs
398(2)
14.9 Summary
400(1)
14.10 Test yourself
400(5)
Definitions
401(1)
References
401(4)
Chapter 15 Contemporary Issues in Forensic Anthropology
405(26)
15.1 Forensic anthropology and the broader forensic community
405(1)
15.2 Forensic anthropology in mass disaster response and disaster victim identification
405(3)
15.3 Forensic anthropology in conflict and human rights investigations
408(3)
15.4 Forensic anthropology and human migration routes
411(3)
15.5 Forensic anthropology in the legal system
414(4)
15.6 Error and uncertainty in forensic science and forensic anthropology
418(2)
15.7 New research directions
420(2)
15.8 Future of forensic anthropology
422(3)
15.9 Case study - the state of Tennessee v. David William Cosgrif, III
425(1)
15.10 Summary
426(1)
15.11 Test yourself
427(4)
Definitions
427(1)
References
428(3)
Index 431
Dr. Christensen received her BA in Anthropology at the University of Washington in Seattle, WA (1997), and her MA and PhD in Anthropology at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, TN (2000 and 2003). Since 2004, she has worked for the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Laboratory in Quantico, Virginia. She was board certified by the American Board of Forensic Anthropology in 2012 and is also an Adjunct Professor in the Forensic Science Program at George Mason University. Angi is a co-author of the award-winning textbook Forensic Anthropology: Current Methods and Practice, as well as a co-founder and Editor of the journal Forensic Anthropology. Her research interests include methods of personal identification, trauma analysis, elemental analysis, and skeletal imaging. She has published articles in Journal of Forensic Sciences, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging, Forensic Science International, Journal of Forensic Identification, Forensic Anthropology, Forensic Science Medicine & Pathology, and Journal of Anatomy. Dr. Passalacqua received his Ph.D. in Anthropology from Michigan State University in 2012 and was certified by the American Board of Forensic Anthropology in 2016. Dr. Passalacqua is an Assistant Professor and the Forensic Anthropology Program Coordinator at Western Carolina University. Prior to arriving at WCU, he worked as a deploying forensic anthropologist with the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency Laboratory in Oahu, Hawaii. Dr. Passalacqua is a co-founder and a current co-editor of the journal Forensic Anthropology. He is also currently a board member of the American Board of Forensic Anthropology, the chair of the Anthropology Consensus Body of the Academy Standards Board, and a member of the Anthropology sub-committee of the Organization of Scientific Area Committees. Dr. Passalacqua co-authored the award-winning textbook: Forensic anthropology: Current methods and practice, as well as the books: Ethics and professionalism in forensic anthropology, and A laboratory manual for forensic anthropology. Dr. Passalacqua also has numerous publications in such journals as: Forensic Anthropology, The American Journal of Physical Anthropology, The International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, and The Journal of Forensic Sciences, as well as chapters in such books as: Skeletal trauma analysis: Case studies in context, The analysis of burned human remains, Age estimation of the human skeleton, and A companion to forensic anthropology. Eric J. Bartelink is a Full Professor in the Department of Anthropology and co-Director of the Human Identification Laboratory at California State University, Chico. He received his BS in Anthropology at Central Michigan University (1995), his MA in Anthropology at California State University, Chico (2001), and his PhD in Anthropology at Texas A&M University (2006). He became the 89th Diplomate of the American Board of Forensic Anthropology in 2012. Erics interests are in forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology, and he has conducted research focused on skeletal trauma, taphonomy, paleopathology, and stable isotope analysis. He has conducted an extensive research program focused on central California bioarchaeology, and also conducted work in American Samoa. In 2000, he assisted with the excavation of mass graves in Bosnia-Herzegovina through the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, and also assisted in the identification of victims from the World Trade Center 9/11 disaster in 2002 and 2003. He has published articles in Journal of Forensic Sciences, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Journal of Archaeological Science, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, Archaeometry, and California Archaeology. Eric teaches courses in introductory physical anthropology, human osteology, forensic anthropology, bioarchaeology, forensic science, and statistics. He is Fellow of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, and a member of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, Society of American Archaeology, Paleopathology Association, and the Society for California Archaeology. He is a current board member of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences and a member of the Anthropology Sub-Committee of the Organization of Scientific Area Committees.