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El. knyga: Foresight in Action: Developing Policy-Oriented Scenarios [Taylor & Francis e-book]

Edited by (Researcher, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University in Amsterdam.), Edited by
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Assessing the future is vital in informing public policy decisions. One of the most widespread approaches is the development of scenarios, which are alternative hypothetical futures. Research has indicated, however, that the reality of how professionals go about employing scenarios is often starkly at odds with the theory - a finding that has important ramifications for how the resulting images of the future should be interpreted. It also shows the need for rewriting and updating theory.

This book, based on an intensive five year study of how experts actually go about assessing the future, provides a groundbreaking examination of foresighting in action. Obtained via ethnographic techniques, the results lay bare for the first time the real processes by which scenarios are made. It is also the first book to examine foresighting for public policy, which is so often overlooked in favour of business practice. From handling of discontinuity to historical determinism, the analysis reveals and explains why foresight is difficult and what the major pitfalls are. Each chapter ends with a toolkit of recommendations for practice. The book aims to help readers to reflect on their own practices of public-oriented foresight and thus to foster a deeper understanding of the key principles and challenges. Ultimately, this will lead to better informed decision making.
List of Figures, Tables and Boxes
ix
Acknowledgements xi
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
xiii
1 Researching Policy-Oriented Foresight in Action
1(22)
Aims
2(1)
Introduction to foresight
3(5)
Dutch foresight
8(3)
Research questions
11(1)
Research approach
12(5)
Audience
17(2)
Structure of the book
19(4)
2 First Impressions of Foresight Practice
23(18)
Forecasting and foresight
23(2)
Preparing the journey
25(13)
Conclusions
38(3)
3 Dealing with Policy
41(20)
Introduction
41(1)
Policy-free scenarios
41(2)
Policy-free and policy-oriented foresight
43(4)
The no (significant) policy change principle
47(3)
Struggling with policy
50(7)
Policy at the framing level
57(1)
Conclusions
58(3)
4 Practising the Scenario Matrix
61(18)
Attending to the scenario matrix
61(1)
Textbook descriptions: The backbone functional meaning
62(3)
Getting started: Backbone and foundation
65(2)
Analysing multiple representations
67(3)
Multiplicity continues to reign: The scaffold functional meaning
70(3)
More functional meanings: The showcase
73(1)
Conclusions
74(5)
5 Dealing with Prospective Uncertainty
79(26)
Prospective uncertainty
79(1)
Uncertainty awareness
80(2)
Uncertainty manners
82(15)
The danger of `certainification'
97(3)
Conclusions
100(5)
6 The Past, the Present and the Future
105(32)
Introduction
105(1)
Meantime
106(1)
Temporal repertoires
106(2)
A case in time
108(11)
Discontinuity in foresight
119(14)
Conclusions
133(4)
7 Reflection on Action
137(10)
Summary of findings
137(3)
Discussion
140(2)
From reflection on action to reflection in action
142(2)
Lessons for policy audiences
144(3)
References 147(16)
Appendix 163(4)
Index 167
Marjolein B.A. van Asselt is Risk Governance chair, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Maastricht University, and member of the Scientific Council for Government Policy (WRR), The Hague.

Susan A. van 't Klooster is a researcher at the Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University in Amsterdam.

Philip W.F. van Notten currently works as a senior civil servant.

Livia A. Smits works at the Foundation for the History of Technology, based at Eindhoven University.