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ix | |
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x | |
Abbreviations |
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xi | |
Preface and Acknowledgments |
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xiii | |
Introduction |
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1 | (14) |
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15 | (35) |
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16 | (4) |
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Early Modern Management, Organization, and Exploitation |
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20 | (9) |
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Forest Rights under Siege |
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29 | (3) |
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1678 and Its Aftermath: Conquest, Reform, and the 1669 Ordinance |
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32 | (6) |
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Forest Transformation in Franche-Comte |
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38 | (12) |
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2 "Agromania" and Silvicultural Science: Conservation's Intellectual Underpinnings |
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50 | (19) |
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Seventeenth-Century Origins |
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51 | (4) |
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Administrators, Local Interests, and Natural Philosophers |
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55 | (5) |
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The Impact of "Agromanie" and Physiocracy on the Forests |
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60 | (4) |
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Forest Improvers and Silvicultural Science |
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64 | (2) |
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Woodland Romantics and the Natural Ideal |
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66 | (3) |
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3 "A necessity as vital as bread": Forest Crisis on the Eve of the Revolution |
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69 | (37) |
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The Landscape of Discontent |
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73 | (6) |
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79 | (4) |
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83 | (3) |
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Resource Competition and Internal Friction |
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86 | (2) |
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The Failings of the Forest Administration |
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88 | (11) |
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99 | (7) |
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4 "Seduced by the word liberty": Woodland Crisis and the Failure of Revolutionary Reform |
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106 | (48) |
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"Lend a hand to the officers charged with enforcing the laws" |
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109 | (6) |
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"At the disposal of the nation" |
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115 | (4) |
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"Such desirable benefits" |
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119 | (6) |
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"What makes the poor into slaves" |
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125 | (12) |
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Federalist Revolt and the Rebellion des Montagnes |
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137 | (8) |
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"Never was there a more favorable moment" |
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145 | (4) |
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149 | (2) |
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"The need for a new forestry organization is felt each passing day" |
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151 | (3) |
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5 "Nothing is more respected ... than the right of property": The Creation of the 1827 Forest Code |
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154 | (53) |
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"Today the Evil is at its Peak" |
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157 | (3) |
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"Let us ... keep in mind that we need to save our woods" |
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160 | (3) |
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"Extraordinary and frequent flooding" |
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163 | (2) |
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"Between penury and prevarication" |
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165 | (6) |
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Reining in "egoism and selfish motives" |
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171 | (5) |
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"The clearest enemy of the tree is the goat" |
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176 | (2) |
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Taming the Wild Countryside |
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178 | (6) |
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"Increased the obstacles rather than remedied the defects" |
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184 | (3) |
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"We have become poor": The Push for the Forest Code |
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187 | (3) |
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190 | (3) |
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Reconciling "the needs of all with the rights of each"? |
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193 | (4) |
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"The interest we must principally protect is ... that of the landowner" |
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197 | (6) |
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"Timber [ is] the principal aim of conservation" |
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203 | (4) |
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6 "Not even a branch of wood has been granted to us" |
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207 | (38) |
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Claims, Contestation, and Cantonnement: The Forest Code's Reception across France |
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209 | (6) |
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"Far from reestablishing public tranquility, [ it] has only made the problem worse" |
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215 | (3) |
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Tumult, Murder, and Mayhem: The Forest Code in the Jura |
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218 | (10) |
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"The masters of their woods" |
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228 | (5) |
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Seeking an End to "iniquitous custom" |
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233 | (10) |
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Uprooting the "guilty hopes" of Liberty |
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243 | (2) |
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Epilogue: "Homo is but Arbor Inversa" |
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245 | (20) |
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From Liberty Tree to President Pine |
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247 | (7) |
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Conservation's Achilles' Heel |
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254 | (11) |
Bibliography |
|
265 | (29) |
Index |
|
294 | |