| Project Team and Contributors |
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ix | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xi | |
| Introduction |
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xiii | |
| 1 Designing a Series of Suspension Footbridges |
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1 | (34) |
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Basic definitions of statics: Loads, Forces, Tension, Compression, Stress |
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Free-body diagrams; Vectors and scalars; Static equilibrium of concurrent forces |
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The force polygon and funicular polygon for funicular structures; Bow's notation |
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Detailing steel rod elements in tension and anchoring to rock |
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Lateral stability; stiffening a tensile structure |
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Construction detailing and planning |
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| 2 Designing a Suspended Roof |
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35 | (30) |
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Designing and detailing a suspended roof |
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Designing funicular curves with specified properties |
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Families of funicular curves |
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Steel cable fastenings and details |
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Regulating forces on masts and backstays |
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| 3 Designing a Concrete Cylindrical Shell Roof |
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65 | (28) |
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Shaping funicular arches and vaults in compression |
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Form-finding: catenary, parabola, circle |
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Stiffening compressive structures against buckling and unbalanced loadings |
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Detailing and constructing a thin single-curvature shell |
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| 4 Master Lesson: Designing a Trussed Roof |
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93 | (22) |
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Structural idea generation in three dimensions; The creative process |
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Graphical truss analysis; Influence of truss form and depth on member forces |
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Creative latitude in structural design and positive interactions between architects and engineers |
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| 5 Designing a Building on a Vertical Site |
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115 | (28) |
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Equilibrium of nonconcurrent forces |
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Graphical analysis of nonconcurrent forces |
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Detailing and construction of a steel frame structure on a very difficult site |
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| 6 Designing with Multipanel Trusses |
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143 | (42) |
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Various methods of analysis for multipanel trusses |
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Common truss configurations and their uses |
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Developing and refining the form of complex trusses based upon forces and connections |
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Detailing and construction of a building with heavy timber trusses |
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| 7 Designing a Fanlike Roof |
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185 | (30) |
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Extending graphical truss analysis to design fanlike structures both compressive and tensile (cable-stayed) |
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Finding good forms and member forces for cable-stayed, fanlike, and treelike structures |
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Design and detailing issues using steel tube construction |
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| 8 Designing Unreinforced Masonry |
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215 | (32) |
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Contributing Authors: John A. Ochsendorf and Philippe Block |
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Understanding, designing, and detailing traditional unreinforced masonry |
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Stability of masonry vaults with ties, engaged and flying buttresses |
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Graphical analysis of arches of predetermined shape |
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Design and formal vocabulary of funicular masonry arches and vaults |
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| 9 Master Lesson: Designing a Concrete Shell Roof for a Grandstand |
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247 | (28) |
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Equilibrium in three dimensions of a composite structure; combining funicular vaults and trusses |
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Architectural and engineering interactions in designing forms and construction processes |
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Working in SI (metric) units |
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| 10 Designing Efficient Trusses |
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275 | (26) |
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Reversing the graphical process to synthesize shapes of constant-force trusses and arches |
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Rapid assessment of truss efficiency by comparing force polygons |
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Typical forms of constant-force trusses |
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| 11 Designing Restraints for Funicular Structures |
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301 | (30) |
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Tensile and compressive strategies of restraint to resist change of shape |
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Effects of unbalanced loads on structures |
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| 12 Designing Shell and Membrane Structures |
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331 | (24) |
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Contributing Author: Michael H. Ramage |
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Form-finding techniques applied to shell, tent, pneumatic, and membrane structures |
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Material constraints and opportunities |
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Detailing lightweight structures |
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| 13 Structural Materials |
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355 | (20) |
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Transmission of forces in solid materials |
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Characteristics of a good structural material |
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Common structural materials |
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Concepts of stress and strain |
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| 14 Master Lesson: Designing with the Flow of Forces |
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375 | (36) |
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Trajectories of principal stresses |
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Strut-and-tie modeling; truss modeling |
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Three patterns of force flow; applications of basic patterns to any structural element |
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Use of graphical truss solutions to find forces in truss models |
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| 15 Designing a Bay of Framing |
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411 | (22) |
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Configuring building frames in three dimensions; laying out a framing plan |
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Understanding bays, decking, joists, beams, girders, slabs, columns, and framing materials |
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Load tracing for gravity and lateral loads Bracing to resist lateral loads |
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Criteria influencing design of bays in very tall buildings where lateral loads predominate |
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Integration with vertical transportation, life safety and egress planning, mechanical systems |
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| 16 Bending Actions on Beams |
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433 | (22) |
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Analysis of external load patterns on structures; quantifying and simplifying external loadings |
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Bending moments and vertical forces |
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V and M diagrams; relationship to force polygons and funicular polygons Graphical and semigraphical constructions |
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| 17 How Beams Resist Bending |
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455 | (36) |
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Resistance mechanisms of beams |
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Lattice pattern of flow of forces |
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Development of mathematical expressions for bending stresses and web |
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stresses in rectangular beams |
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Designing bays of wood framing |
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| 18 Bending Resistance in Beams of Any Shape |
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491 | (26) |
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Properties of complex cross-sectional shapes |
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Designing bays of steel framing |
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| 19 Designing Columns, Frames, and Load-Bearing Walls |
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517 | (26) |
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Types of columns: short, intermediate, long; buckling and deflection |
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Designing column restraints; designing optimum forms for columns |
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Architectural and historical expressions of columns |
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| 20 Designing a Sitecast Concrete Building |
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543 | (26) |
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Composite action of steel and concrete in concrete beams, slabs, and columns |
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Selection and design criteria for reinforced concrete framing |
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Opportunities and constraints for slab openings |
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Relationship of structural system to program |
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Designing bays of reinforced concrete framing |
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| 21 Master Lesson: Designing in Precast Concrete |
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569 | (22) |
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Multidisciplinary project design teams |
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Medium-rise building planning and choice of framing systems |
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Integration with life safety and egress planning |
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Integration with mechanical and electrical services |
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Designing with precast concrete framing elements |
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| 22 Designing an Entrance Canopy |
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591 | (20) |
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Designing a constant force beam |
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Deriving a beam profile from the bending moment diagram |
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Assuring overall stability of an unusual structure |
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Combined axial and bending stress in a beam |
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Guidelines for shaping structures |
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| Afterword: Engineers and Architects |
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611 | (4) |
| Index |
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615 | |
