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El. knyga: Form and Forces: Designing Efficient, Expressive Structures

4.52/5 (42 ratings by Goodreads)
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology), (Yale University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 09-Jan-2012
  • Leidėjas: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118174258
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 09-Jan-2012
  • Leidėjas: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118174258

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The Boston Structures Group, an informal association of teachers, engineers, and architects, advocates the teaching of structures as a design discipline. The core team that created this book consists of five members, four of whom have or have had some affiliation with MIT (the fifth practices privately in Boston). They are joined by another nine contributors to present detailed information in the context of engaging projects for students regarding statics, bending and buckling behavior, long-span structures, beam and column formulas, and the choice and layout of framing systems. The emphasis is on graphics rather than mathematics. "Master Lessons" include designing with the flow of forces, precast concrete and sitecast concrete, an entrance canopy, and a concrete shell roof for a grandstand, among others. Illustrated with line drawings and schematics. The format is horizontal (11x8.5"). Annotation ©2010 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Here, in one volume, is all the architect needs to know to participate in the entire process of designing structures. Emphasizing bestselling author Edward Allen's graphical approach, the book enables the reader to quickly determine the desired form of a building or other structure, and easily design it without the need for complex mathematics. This unique text teaches the whole process of structural design for architects, including selection of suitable materials, finding a suitable configuration, finding forces and size members, designing appropriate connections, and proposing a feasible method of erection. Chapters are centered on the design of a whole structure, from first ideas through construction planning. Each project is carefully chosen to bring out the fundamental issues that are then learned in the context of the design project.
Project Team and Contributors ix
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction xiii
Designing a Series of Suspension Footbridges
1(34)
Basic definitions of statics: Loads, Forces, Tension, Compression, Stress
Free-body diagrams; Vectors and scalars; Static equilibrium of concurrent forces
The force polygon and funicular polygon for funicular structures; Bow's notation
Detailing steel rod elements in tension and anchoring to rock
Lateral stability; stiffening a tensile structure
Construction detailing and planning
Designing a Suspended Roof
35(30)
Designing and detailing a suspended roof
Designing funicular curves with specified properties
Families of funicular curves
Static equilibrium
Components of forces
Steel cable fastenings and details
Lateral bracing
Regulating forces on masts and backstays
Designing a Concrete Cylindrical Shell Roof
65(28)
Shaping funicular arches and vaults in compression
Form-finding: catenary, parabola, circle
Stiffening compressive structures against buckling and unbalanced loadings
Detailing and constructing a thin single-curvature shell
Master Lesson: Designing a Trussed Roof
93(22)
Structural idea generation in three dimensions; The creative process
Graphical truss analysis; Influence of truss form and depth on member forces
Creative latitude in structural design and positive interactions between architects and engineers
Designing a Building on a Vertical Site
115(28)
Moments of forces
Equilibrium of nonconcurrent forces
Graphical analysis of nonconcurrent forces
Detailing and construction of a steel frame structure on a very difficult site
Designing with Multipanel Trusses
143(42)
Various methods of analysis for multipanel trusses
Common truss configurations and their uses
Developing and refining the form of complex trusses based upon forces and connections
Detailing and construction of a building with heavy timber trusses
Designing a Fanlike Roof
185(30)
Extending graphical truss analysis to design fanlike structures both compressive and tensile (cable-stayed)
Finding good forms and member forces for cable-stayed, fanlike, and treelike structures
Design and detailing issues using steel tube construction
Designing Unreinforced Masonry
215(32)
Contributing Authors: John A. Ochsendorf and Philippe Block
Understanding, designing, and detailing traditional unreinforced masonry
Stability of masonry vaults with ties, engaged and flying buttresses
Load tracing and kerns
Graphical analysis of arches of predetermined shape
Design and formal vocabulary of funicular masonry arches and vaults
Master Lesson: Designing a Concrete Shell Roof for a Grandstand
247(28)
Equilibrium in three dimensions of a composite structure; combining funicular vaults and trusses
Architectural and engineering interactions in designing forms and construction processes
Working in SI (metric) units
Designing Efficient Trusses
275(26)
Reversing the graphical process to synthesize shapes of constant-force trusses and arches
Rapid assessment of truss efficiency by comparing force polygons
Typical forms of constant-force trusses
Designing Restraints for Funicular Structures
301(30)
Tensile and compressive strategies of restraint to resist change of shape
Effects of unbalanced loads on structures
Designing Shell and Membrane Structures
331(24)
Contributing Author: Michael H. Ramage
Form-finding techniques applied to shell, tent, pneumatic, and membrane structures
Material constraints and opportunities
Detailing lightweight structures
Structural Materials
355(20)
Granular materials
Solid materials
How materials break
Transmission of forces in solid materials
Characteristics of a good structural material
Common structural materials
Concepts of stress and strain
Factors of safety
Master Lesson: Designing with the Flow of Forces
375(36)
Trajectories of principal stresses
Strut-and-tie modeling; truss modeling
Three patterns of force flow; applications of basic patterns to any structural element
Use of graphical truss solutions to find forces in truss models
Designing a Bay of Framing
411(22)
Configuring building frames in three dimensions; laying out a framing plan
Understanding bays, decking, joists, beams, girders, slabs, columns, and framing materials
Load tracing for gravity and lateral loads
Bracing to resist lateral loads
Criteria influencing design of bays in very tall buildings where lateral loads predominate
Integration with vertical transportation, life safety and egress planning, mechanical systems
Bending Actions on Beams
433(22)
Analysis of external load patterns on structures; quantifying and simplifying external loadings
Bending moments and vertical forces
V and M diagrams; relationship to force polygons and funicular polygons
Graphical and semigraphical constructions
How Beams Resist Bending
455(36)
Resistance mechanisms of beams
Lattice pattern of flow of forces
Deflection calculations
Development of mathematical expressions for bending stresses and web stresses in rectangular beams
Designing bays of wood framing
Bending Resistance in Beams of Any Shap
491(26)
Properties of complex cross-sectional shapes
Moment of inertia
Composite action
Designing bays of steel framing
Designing Columns, Frames, and Load-Bearing Walls
517(26)
Types of columns: short, intermediate, long; buckling and deflection
Designing column restraints; designing optimum forms for columns
Load-bearing walls
Portal frames, hinges
Architectural and historical expressions of columns
Designing a Sitecast Concrete Building
543(26)
Composite action of steel and concrete in concrete beams, slabs, and columns
Selection and design criteria for reinforced concrete framing
Opportunities and constraints for slab openings
Relationship of structural system to program
Designing bays of reinforced concrete framing
Master Lesson: Designing in Precast Concrete
569(22)
Multidisciplinary project design teams
Medium-rise building planning and choice of framing systems
Integration with life safety and egress planning
Integration with mechanical and electrical services
Designing with precast concrete framing elements
Designing an Entrance Canopy
591(20)
Designing a constant force beam
Deriving a beam profile from the bending moment diagram
Assuring overall stability of an unusual structure
Combined axial and bending stress in a beam
Guidelines for shaping structures
Afterword: Engineers and Architects 611(4)
Index 615
EDWARD ALLEN has taught for more than thirty years at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Yale University, and the University of Oregon. He is the bestselling author of Fundamentals of Building Construction, Fifth Edition. WACAW ZALEWSKI  is Professor Emeritus of Structural Design at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.