Overview |
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vii | |
Preface xi List of Figures |
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xxiii | |
Key Words |
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xxvii | |
Selected Key Results |
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xxix | |
Glossary |
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xxxiii | |
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1 | (42) |
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1.1 Motivations, Goals and Examples |
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3 | (16) |
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1.2 A Short Survey of the Contents |
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19 | (11) |
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1.3 Basic Notation and Definitions |
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30 | (13) |
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1.3.1 Minkowski Contents and Box (or Minkowski) Dimensions of Bounded Sets |
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30 | (6) |
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1.3.2 Singularities of Analytic Functions |
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36 | (4) |
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1.3.3 Standard Mathematical Symbols and Conventions |
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40 | (3) |
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2 Distance and Tube Zeta Functions |
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43 | (142) |
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2.1 Basic Properties of the Zeta Functions of Fractal Sets |
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45 | (67) |
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2.1.1 Definition of the Distance Zeta Functions of Fractal Sets |
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45 | (2) |
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2.1.2 Analyticity of the Distance Zeta Functions |
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47 | (21) |
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2.1.3 Dirichlet Series and Dirichlet Integrals |
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68 | (18) |
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2.1.4 Zeta Functions of Fractal Strings and of Associated Fractal Sets |
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86 | (8) |
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2.1.5 Equivalent Fractal Zeta Functions |
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94 | (12) |
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2.1.6 Stalactites, Stalagmites and Caves Associated with Fractal Sets and Fractal Strings |
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106 | (5) |
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2.1.7 Oscillatory Nature of the Function x → d(x, A)s-N |
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111 | (1) |
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2.2 Residues of Zeta Functions and Minkowski Contents |
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112 | (31) |
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2.2.1 Distance Zeta Functions of Fractal Sets and Their Residues |
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112 | (6) |
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2.2.2 Tube Zeta Functions of Fractal Sets and Their Residues |
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118 | (12) |
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2.2.3 Zeta Functions of Generalized Cantor Sets and a-Strings |
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130 | (3) |
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2.2.4 Distance and Tube Zeta Functions of Fractal Grills |
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133 | (9) |
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2.2.5 Surface Zeta Functions |
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142 | (1) |
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2.3 Meromorphic Extensions of Fractal Zeta Functions |
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143 | (34) |
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2.3.1 Zeta Functions of Perturbed Riemann Strings |
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145 | (4) |
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2.3.2 Zeta Functions of Perturbed Dirichlet Strings |
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149 | (5) |
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2.3.3 Meromorphic Extensions of Tube and Distance Zeta Functions |
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154 | (21) |
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2.3.4 Landau's Theorem About Meromorphic Extensions |
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175 | (2) |
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2.4 Average Minkowski Contents and Dimensions |
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177 | (8) |
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2.4.1 Average Minkowski Contents of Bounded Sets in RN |
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177 | (4) |
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2.4.2 Average Minkowski Dimensions of Bounded Sets in RN |
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181 | (4) |
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3 Applications of Distance and Tube Zeta Functions |
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185 | (60) |
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3.1 Transcendentally Quasiperiodic Sets and Their Zeta Functions |
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186 | (17) |
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3.1.1 Generalized Cantor Sets Defined by Two Parameters |
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186 | (6) |
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3.1.2 Construction of Transcendentally n-Quasiperiodic Sets |
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192 | (5) |
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3.1.3 Transcendentally n-Quasiperiodic Sets and Baker's Theorem |
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197 | (4) |
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3.1.4 Transcendentally n-Quasiperiodic Fractal Strings |
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201 | (2) |
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3.2 Distance Zeta Functions of the Sierpinski Carpet and Gasket |
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203 | (6) |
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3.2.1 Distance Zeta Function of the Sierpinski Carpet |
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204 | (4) |
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3.2.2 Distance Zeta Function of the Sierpinski Gasket |
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208 | (1) |
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3.3 Tensor Products of Bounded Fractal Strings and Multiple Complex Dimensions of Arbitrary Orders |
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209 | (7) |
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3.4 Weighted Zeta Functions |
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216 | (6) |
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3.4.1 Definition and Properties of Weighted Zeta Functions |
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217 | (4) |
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3.4.2 Harmonic Functions Generated by Fractal Sets |
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221 | (1) |
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3.5 Zeta Functions of Fractal Nests |
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222 | (7) |
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3.6 Zeta Functions of Geometric Chirps and Multiple String Chirps |
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229 | (11) |
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229 | (5) |
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3.6.2 Multiple Strings and String Chirps |
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234 | (2) |
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3.6.3 Zeta Functions and Cartesian Products of Fractal Strings |
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236 | (4) |
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3.7 Zigzagging Fractal Sets and Alternating Zeta Functions |
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240 | (5) |
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4 Relative Fractal Drums and Their Complex Dimensions |
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245 | (162) |
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4.1 Zeta Functions of Relative Fractal Drums |
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246 | (26) |
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4.1.1 Relative Minkowski Content, Relative Box Dimension, and Relative Zeta Functions |
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247 | (13) |
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4.1.2 Cone Property and Flatness of Relative Fractal Drums |
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260 | (7) |
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4.1.3 Scaling Property of Relative Zeta Functions |
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267 | (5) |
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4.1.4 Stalactites, Stalagmites and Caves Associated With Relative Fractal Drums |
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272 | (1) |
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4.2 Relative Fractal Sprays With Principal Complex Dimensions of Arbitrary Orders |
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272 | (46) |
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4.2.1 Relative Fractal Sprays in RN |
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273 | (6) |
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4.2.2 Principal Complex Dimensions of Arbitrary Multiplicities |
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279 | (11) |
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4.2.3 Relative Sierpinski Sprays and Their Complex Dimensions |
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290 | (28) |
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4.3 Spectral Zeta Functions of Fractal Drums and Their Meromorphic Extensions |
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318 | (26) |
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4.3.1 Spectral Zeta Functions of Fractal Drums in RN |
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319 | (5) |
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4.3.2 Meromorphic Extensions of Spectral Zeta Functions of Fractal Drums |
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324 | (20) |
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4.4 Further Examples of Relative Distance Zeta Functions |
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344 | (6) |
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4.4.1 Relative Distance Zeta Functions of Unbounded Geometric Chirps |
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345 | (3) |
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4.4.2 Relative Zeta Functions of Cartesian Products of Fractal Strings |
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348 | (2) |
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4.5 Meromorphic Extensions of Relative Zeta Functions and Applications |
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350 | (23) |
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4.5.1 Meromorphic Extensions of Zeta Functions of Relative Fractal Drums |
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350 | (10) |
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4.5.2 Precise Meromorphic Extensions of Zeta Functions of Countable Unions of Relative Fractal Drums |
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360 | (8) |
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4.5.3 Precise Meromorphic Extensions of Zeta Functions of Countable Unions of Fractal Strings |
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368 | (5) |
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4.6 Transcendentally ∞-Quasiperiodic Relative Fractal Drums |
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373 | (18) |
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4.6.1 Quasiperiodic Relative Fractal Drums With Infinitely Many Algebraically Independent Quasiperiods |
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373 | (9) |
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4.6.2 Hyperfractals and Transcendentally ∞-Quasiperiodic Fractal Strings and Sets |
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382 | (3) |
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4.6.3 Fractality, Hyperfractality and Complex Dimensions |
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385 | (4) |
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4.6.4 Maximal Hyperfractals in Euclidean Spaces |
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389 | (2) |
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4.7 Complex Dimensions and Embeddings Into Higher-Dimensional Spaces |
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391 | (16) |
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4.7.1 Embeddings Into Higher Dimensions in the Case of Bounded Sets |
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391 | (4) |
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4.7.2 Embeddings Into Higher Dimensions in the Case of Relative Fractal Drums |
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395 | (12) |
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5 Fractal Tube Formulas and Complex Dimensions |
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407 | (132) |
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5.1 Pointwise Tube Formulas |
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410 | (19) |
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5.1.1 Definitions and Preliminaries |
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411 | (7) |
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5.1.2 Pointwise Tube Formula with Error Term |
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418 | (6) |
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5.1.3 Exact Pointwise Tube Formula |
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424 | (5) |
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5.2 Distributional Tube Formulas |
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429 | (11) |
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5.2.1 Distributional Tube Formula with Error Term |
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431 | (3) |
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5.2.2 Exact Distributional Tube Formula |
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434 | (3) |
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5.2.3 Estimate for the Distributional Error Term |
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437 | (3) |
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5.3 Tube Formulas in Terms of the Relative Distance Zeta Function |
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440 | (11) |
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5.3.1 The Relative Shell Zeta Function |
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440 | (3) |
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5.3.2 Pointwise Tube Formulas in Terms of the Distance Zeta Function |
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443 | (6) |
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5.3.3 Distributional Tube Formulas in Terms of the Distance Zeta Function |
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449 | (2) |
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5.4 A Criterion for Minkowski Measurability |
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451 | (28) |
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5.4.1 A Sufficient Condition for Minkowski Measurability |
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452 | (5) |
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5.4.2 The Relative Mellin Zeta Function |
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457 | (6) |
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5.4.3 Characterization of Minkowski Measurability |
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463 | (10) |
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5.4.4 h-Minkowski Measurability and Optimal Tube Function Asymptotic Expansion |
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473 | (6) |
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5.5 Examples and Applications |
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479 | (60) |
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5.5.1 The Line Segment and the Sphere |
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480 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Tube Formulas for Fractal Strings |
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481 | (11) |
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5.5.3 The Sierpinski Gasket and 3-Carpet |
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492 | (4) |
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5.5.4 A Relative Fractal Drum Generated by the Cantor Function |
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496 | (6) |
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5.5.5 Fractal Nests and Unbounded Geometric Chirps |
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502 | (9) |
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5.5.6 Tube Formulas and Minkowski Measurability Criteria for Self-Similar Sprays |
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511 | (28) |
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6 Classification of Fractal Sets and Concluding Comments |
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539 | (38) |
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6.1 Classification of Bounded Sets in Euclidean Spaces |
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540 | (12) |
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6.1.1 Classification of Compact Sets Based On the Properties of Their Tube Functions |
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540 | (6) |
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6.1.2 A Short Historical Survey |
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546 | (6) |
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6.2 Open Problems and Future Research Directions |
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552 | (25) |
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6.2.1 Concluding Comments |
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552 | (3) |
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555 | (15) |
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6.2.3 Future Research Directions |
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570 | (7) |
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A Tamed Dirichlet-Type Integrals |
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577 | (28) |
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A.1 Local Measures and DTIs |
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578 | (2) |
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A.2 Basic Properties of DTIs |
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580 | (6) |
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586 | (3) |
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A.4 Extended Dirichlet-Type Integrals |
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589 | (6) |
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A.5 Modified Equivalence Relation and Tamed EDTIs |
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595 | (3) |
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A.6 Further Generalizations: Stable Tamed DTIs and EDTIs |
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598 | (7) |
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B Local Distance Zeta Functions |
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605 | (6) |
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C Distance Zeta Functions and Principal Complex Dimensions Of RFDs |
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611 | (4) |
Acknowledgements |
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615 | (2) |
Bibliography |
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617 | (16) |
Author Index |
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633 | (4) |
Subject Index |
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637 | |