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El. knyga: French Essentials For Dummies

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(Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT), (Monterey Institute of International Studies)
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 09-May-2011
  • Leidėjas: For Dummies
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118092941
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
French Essentials For DummiesDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 09-May-2011
  • Leidėjas: For Dummies
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118092941
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Just the core concepts you need to write and speak French correctly

If you have some knowledge of French and want to polish your skills, French Essentials For Dummies focuses on just the core concepts you need to communicate effectively. From conjugating verbs to understanding tenses, this easy-to-follow guide lets you skip the suffering and score high at exam time.

  • French 101 — get the lowdown on the basics, from expressing dates and times to identifying parts of speech

  • Gender matters — see how a noun's gender determines the articles, adjectives, and pronouns you have to use

  • The here and now — learn how to conjugate verbs in the present tense, choose subject pronouns, and form the present participle

  • Way back when — get guidance on working with the past tense, including hints about when to use the compound past (passé composé) and when to use the imperfect

  • What lies ahead — discover the different ways to express the future

Open the book and find:

  • A review of numbers, dates, and times

  • The parts of speech

  • How to determine a noun's gender

  • How to select the correct preposition

  • Rules for making adjectives agree

  • Tips for asking and answering yes/no questions

  • Ways to spice up your descriptions

  • Ten important verb distinctions

Learn:

  • The basics of French grammar and sentence construction

  • How to conjugate regular, irregular, and stem-changing verbs

  • To express ideas about the past, present, and future

Introduction 1(4)
About This Book
1(1)
Conventions Used in This Book
1(1)
Foolish Assumptions
2(1)
Icons Used in This Book
2(1)
Where to Go from Here
3(2)
Chapter 1 Getting Down to Basics
5(14)
Using Numbers
5(4)
Counting with cardinal numbers
5(3)
Expressing ordinal numbers
8(1)
Setting the Date
9(3)
Naming the days of the week
9(1)
Using the months of the year
10(1)
Giving the date
11(1)
Telling Time
12(2)
Reviewing the Parts of Speech
14(5)
Identifying things with nouns and articles
14(1)
Replacing with pronouns
14(1)
Moving along with verbs
15(1)
Modifying with adjectives
16(1)
Qualifying with adverbs
17(1)
Connecting with prepositions
17(2)
Chapter 2 Narrowing the Gender Gap
19(24)
Specifying with Definite Articles
19(3)
Distinguishing the definite articles
20(1)
Using definite articles
20(1)
Contracting with definite articles
21(1)
Generalizing with Indefinite Articles
22(1)
Understanding the Partitive
23(1)
Using Demonstrative Adjectives
24(2)
Taking the Guesswork out of Gender
26(3)
Learning the gender of nouns
26(1)
Using the same noun for both genders
26(2)
Recognizing the gender of nouns
28(1)
Pluralizing Nouns
29(3)
Using x instead of s
29(1)
Irregular plurals
30(1)
Compound nouns
31(1)
Plural nouns
31(1)
Confirming Possession
32(2)
Utilizing de
32(1)
Using possessive adjectives
32(1)
Singular subjects
33(1)
Plural subjects
34(1)
Substituting with Object Pronouns
34(4)
Coping with direct object pronouns
35(1)
Handling indirect object pronouns
36(1)
Eliminating confusion
37(1)
Figuring Out Adverbial Pronouns
38(2)
Using y
38(1)
Understanding en
39(1)
En replaces de + noun
40(1)
En with numbers and nouns/adverbs of quantity
40(1)
Placing Object Pronouns
40(1)
Doing Double Time with Object Pronouns
41(2)
Lining up: Standard pronoun order
42(1)
Using pronouns in affirmative commands
42(1)
Chapter 3 It's Happening in the Present
43(24)
Recognizing Types of Verbs
43(1)
Choosing Subject Pronouns
44(2)
Tu versus vous
45(1)
Il versus elle, and on
45(1)
Ils versus elles
46(1)
Conveying Thoughts in the Present Tense
46(18)
Communicating with regular verbs
47(3)
Changing certain verb spellings
50(1)
Working with -cer verbs
50(1)
Managing -ger verbs
50(1)
Tackling -yer verbs
51(1)
Figuring out -eler verbs
52(1)
Focusing on -eter verbs
53(1)
Looking at -e*er verbs
53(1)
Dealing with -e*er verbs
54(1)
Recognizing irregular verbs
55(3)
Expressing yourself with irregular verbs
58(2)
Identifying reflexive verbs
60(4)
Understanding Present Participles and Gerunds
64(3)
Forming the present participle
65(1)
Using the present participle
66(1)
Using gerunds
66(1)
Chapter 4 Being Descriptive and Connecting Your Thoughts
67(20)
Coloring with Adjectives
67(7)
Making adjectives agree
67(1)
The gender of adjectives
68(3)
The plural of adjectives
71(1)
Positioning adjectives
72(1)
Adjectives that follow the noun
72(1)
Adjectives that precede the noun
73(1)
Changing meanings
74(1)
Describing Actions with Adverbs
74(7)
Creating adverbs
75(1)
Adverbs of manner
75(1)
Adverbs of frequency
76(1)
Adverbs of place
77(1)
Adverbs of time
78(1)
Adverbs of quantity
79(1)
Placing adverbs
80(1)
After the verb
80(1)
Other places
80(1)
Comparing Things
81(6)
Comparisons of inequality
81(4)
Comparisons of equality
85(2)
Chapter 5 Connecting with Prepositions
87(8)
Committing Common Prepositions to Memory
87(1)
Recognizing the Prepositional Pronouns
88(1)
Using Prepositions with Places
88(2)
Expressing "to" or "in" a place
89(1)
Expressing "from" a place
90(1)
Creating Modifiers
90(1)
Joining Verbs with Prepositions
91(4)
Verbs with a
91(1)
Verbs with de
92(1)
Verbs with a and de
93(1)
Verbs with a and a
93(1)
Verbs with other prepositions
94(1)
Using verbs requiring no preposition
94(1)
Chapter 6 Asking and Answering Questions
95(12)
Presenting a Yes/No Question
95(3)
Answering a Yes/No question
98(3)
Being affirmative
98(1)
Being negative
98(3)
Getting the Whole Story
101(3)
Understanding interrogative adjectives
101(1)
Using interrogative adverbs
102(1)
Getting information with interrogative pronouns
103(1)
Giving Information
104(3)
Chapter 7 Uncovering the Past
107(16)
Dwelling on the Past with the Passe Compose
107(9)
Forming the passe compose of regular verbs
108(1)
Forming the passe compose of irregular verbs
109(3)
Making agreements
112(1)
Forming the passe compose of etre verbs
113(2)
Using the passe compose
115(1)
Reminiscing with the Imperfect
116(4)
Comparing the Passe Compose and the Imperfect
120(3)
Chapter 8 Foreseeing the Future
123(8)
Speaking about the Future by Using the Present
123(2)
Employing the present to express the future
123(1)
Using the near future
124(1)
Conquering the Future Tense
125(4)
Forming the future of spelling-change verbs
126(2)
Forming the future of irregular verbs
128(1)
Using the Future
129(2)
Chapter 9 Recognizing Verb Moods
131(20)
Giving Orders with the Imperative
132(2)
Forming affirmative commands
132(1)
Forming negative commands
133(1)
Forming reflexive commands
134(1)
Understanding the Present Subjunctive
134(12)
Forming the present subjunctive of regular verbs
135(1)
Coping with changes
136(1)
Conjugating irregular verbs
137(2)
Putting the present subjunctive to use
139(1)
Showing your wishes, preferences, or orders
139(1)
Expressing feelings, emotions, and judgment
140(2)
Using impersonal expressions
142(1)
Expressing doubt or uncertainty
143(1)
Understanding relative clauses
144(1)
Being superlative
145(1)
Exploring the Conditional
146(5)
Forming the conditional of regular verbs
146(1)
Forming the conditional of spelling-change verbs
147(1)
Forming the conditional of irregular verbs
148(1)
Employing the conditional
149(1)
Understanding conditional sentences
150(1)
Chapter 10 Ten Important Verb Distinctions
151(6)
Visiting a Place or Visiting a Person
151(1)
Spending Time or Spending Money
152(1)
Knowing People or Places or Knowing Something
152(1)
Playing a Game or Playing an Instrument
153(1)
Leaving or Leaving Something Behind
153(1)
Returning Home, Returning Something, or Just Returning
154(1)
Leading, Bringing, or Taking Someone
155(1)
Carrying, Bringing, Taking, or Taking Back Something
155(1)
Thinking or Thinking About
156(1)
Waiting or Attending
156(1)
Appendix: Verb Charts
157(14)
Regular Verbs
157(1)
-er Verbs
157(1)
parler (to speak)
157(1)
-ir Verbs
157(1)
finir (to finish)
157(1)
-re Verbs
158(1)
vendre (to sell)
158(1)
Spelling-Change Verbs
158(4)
-cer Verbs
158(1)
commencer (to begin)
158(1)
-ger Verbs
159(1)
manger (to eat)
159(1)
-eler Verbs
160(1)
appeler (to call)
160(1)
-eter Verbs
160(1)
jeter (to throw)
160(1)
-e*er Verbs
161(1)
acheter (to buy)
161(1)
-e*er Verbs
161(1)
gerer (to manage)
161(1)
-yer Verbs
162(1)
nettoyer (to clean)
162(1)
Irregular Verbs
162(9)
aller (to go)
162(1)
avoir (to have)
163(1)
boire (to drink)
163(1)
connaitre (to know, to be acquainted with)
163(1)
Croire (to believe)
164(1)
Devoir (must, to have to, to owe)
164(1)
Dire (to say, tell)
165(1)
Ecrire (to write)
165(1)
Etre (to be)
165(1)
Faire (to do, make)
166(1)
Lire (to read)
166(1)
Mettre (to put, to place)
166(1)
Partir (to leave)
167(1)
Pouvoir (can, to be able to)
167(1)
Prendre (to take)
168(1)
Savoir(to know [ facts, how to])
168(1)
Sortir (to go out)
168(1)
Venir (to come)
169(1)
Voir (to see)
169(1)
Vouloir (to want)
170(1)
Index 171
Laura K. Lawless is the author of three language websites (French, Spanish, and English) and several successful language titles including Intermediate French For Dummies.

Zoe Erotopoulos, PhD has taught French for more than 30 years. She is the author of French Verbs For Dummies.
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