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French Grammar and Usage 3rd New edition [Minkštas viršelis]

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(The University of Essex, UK), (University of Salford, UK), (The University of Essex, UK), (University of Salford, UK)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 464 pages, aukštis x plotis: 246x174 mm, weight: 924 g, None
  • Serija: Routledge Reference Grammars
  • Išleidimo metai: 26-Mar-2010
  • Leidėjas: Hodder Education
  • ISBN-10: 0340991240
  • ISBN-13: 9780340991244
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
French Grammar and Usage 3rd New editionDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 464 pages, aukštis x plotis: 246x174 mm, weight: 924 g, None
  • Serija: Routledge Reference Grammars
  • Išleidimo metai: 26-Mar-2010
  • Leidėjas: Hodder Education
  • ISBN-10: 0340991240
  • ISBN-13: 9780340991244
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9780340991244.html
Raktažodžiai:
Long trusted as the most comprehensive, up-to-date and user-friendly grammar available, French Grammar and Usage provides students and teachers with a complete guide to French as it is written and spoken today. It includes clear and concise descriptions of all the main grammatical phenomena of French, and their use, illustrated by numerous examples taken from contemporary French, and distinguishes the most common forms of usage, both formal and informal. This combination of reference grammar and manual of current usage will prove invaluable to students and teachers of French from intermediate through to advanced level.

Praised for its clear layout and lucid explanations, the new edition includes updated examples, enhanced cross-referencing and expanded explanations of notoriously difficult points of grammar.

Long trusted as the most comprehensive, up-to-date and user-friendly grammar available, French Grammar and Usage provides students and teachers with a complete guide to French as it is written and spoken today. It includes clear and concise descriptions of all the main grammatical aspects of the language, illustrated by numerous examples taken from contemporary French. Praised for its clear lay-out and lucid explanations, the new edition includes updated examples, enhanced cross-referencing and expanded explanations of the most difficult points of grammar.
Guide for the user ix
Glossary of key grammatical terms xii
Acknowledgements xvii
Acknowledgements for the second edition xviii
Acknowledgements for the third edition xix
1 Nouns
1(25)
1.1 Types of noun
1(4)
1.2 Gender
5(14)
1.3 Number
19(7)
2 Determiners
26(19)
2.1 Articles
26(2)
2.2 Typical uses of the definite article
28(6)
2.3 Typical uses of the indefinite article
34(3)
2.4 The partitive article: du, de I', de la, des
37(1)
2.5 Use of indefinite and partitive articles after the negative forms ne...pas, ne...jamais, ne... plus, ne...guere
38(1)
2.6 Omission of the article
39(4)
2.7 Demonstrative determiners
43(1)
2.8 Possessive determiners
44(1)
3 Personal and impersonal pronouns
45(40)
3.1 Subject pronouns
45(14)
3.2 Object pronouns
59(19)
3.3 Stressed pronouns
78(5)
3.4 Demonstrative pronouns
83(1)
3.5 Possessive pronouns
84(1)
4 Adjectives
85(23)
4.1 Adjectives modifying the noun
85(6)
4.2 Adjectives which follow verbs or verbal expressions
91(1)
4.3 Adjectives with complements
92(1)
4.4 Indefinite and negative noun phrases with adjective complements
92(1)
4.5 Adjectives used as nouns
93(1)
4.6 Adjectives used as adverbs, and adverbs used as adjectives
93(1)
4.7 Masculine and feminine forms of adjectives
94(4)
4.8 Plural forms of adjectives
98(1)
4.9 Adjective agreement with nouns
99(1)
4.10 Invariable adjectives
100(1)
4.11 Compound adjectives
101(2)
4.12 Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives
103(3)
4.13 Subjunctive versus indicative in clauses dependent on a superlative adjective
106(1)
4.14 Absolute use of the superlative
106(2)
5 Adverbs
108(28)
5.1 Function of adverbs
108(1)
5.2 Formation of adverbs with the ending -ment
108(3)
5.3 Adjectives used as adverbs without addition of -ment
111(1)
5.4 Phrases used as adverbs
112(2)
5.5 English and French adverb formation
114(1)
5.6 Types of adverbs
114(18)
5.7 Location of adverbs
132(4)
6 Numbers, measurements, time and quantifiers
136(21)
6.1 Cardinal numbers
136(7)
6.2 Ordinal numbers
143(1)
6.3 Fractions
144(1)
6.4 Some differences in the use of cardinal and ordinal numbers in French and English
145(3)
6.5 Measurements and comparisons
148(3)
6.6 Dates, days, years
151(2)
6.7 Clock time
153(1)
6.8 Money
154(1)
6.9 Quantifiers
154(3)
7 Verb forms
157(41)
7.1 Introduction
158(1)
7.2 Conjugations
159(1)
7.3 Easy ways of generating some parts of the paradigms
160(4)
7.4 Changes in the stem form of some -er conjugation verbs
164(1)
7.5 Verbs whose stems end in c- or g-
165(1)
7.6 Verb paradigms
166(32)
8 Verb constructions
198(24)
8.1 Relations between verbs and their complements
198(1)
8.2 Intransitive constructions
198(2)
8.3 Directly transitive verbs
200(2)
8.4 Indirectly transitive verbs
202(3)
8.5 Ditransitive verbs
205(1)
8.6 The passive
206(4)
8.7 Pronominal verbs
210(8)
8.8 Impersonal verbs
218(3)
8.9 Verbs which take noun + adjective or noun + noun complements
221(1)
9 Verb and participle agreement
222(15)
9.1 Subject-verb agreement
222(4)
9.2 Agreement of the past participle with the subject of etre
226(1)
9.3 Agreement of the past participle of verbs conjugated with avoir with a preceding direct object
227(7)
9.4 Agreement of the past participle of pronominal verbs in compound tenses
234(3)
10 Tense
237(20)
10.1 Introduction
237(1)
10.2 The present
237(1)
10.3 The past
238(5)
10.4 The future
243(5)
10.5 Other tenses indicating the time at which events occur relative to other events
248(3)
10.6 Combining tenses
251(3)
10.7 Tenses in direct and reported descriptions of events
254(2)
10.8 Tenses with si
256(1)
11 The subjunctive, modal verbs, exclamatives and imperatives
257(31)
11.1 The attitude of the subject to events: the subjunctive
257(17)
11.2 The use of devoir, pouvoir, savoir, falloir
274(4)
11.3 The French equivalents of the English modal verbs: `would', `should', `could', `may', `might', `ought to', and `must'
278(5)
11.4 Exclamatives
283(2)
11.5 Imperatives
285(3)
12 The infinitive
288(29)
12.1 Introduction: what are infinitives?
288(1)
12.2 Infinitives as complements to other verbs
289(1)
12.3 Verbs which take infinitive complements without a linking preposition
290(2)
12.4 Verbs which take infinitive complements preceded by the preposition a
292(5)
12.5 Verbs which take an infinitive complement preceded by de
297(7)
12.6 Omission of objects before infinitives
304(1)
12.7 Infinitives as complements to adjectives
305(2)
12.8 Infinitives as complements to nouns
307(2)
12.9 Infinitives in subordinate clauses
309(1)
12.10 Infinitives as polite commands
310(1)
12.11 Quick-reference index to verbs taking infinitive complements
310(7)
13 Prepositions
317(33)
13.1 Introduction
317(1)
13.2-13.58 Prepositions listed alphabetically from a to vers
317(26)
13.59 French translations for common English prepositions
343(7)
14 Question formation
350(17)
14.1 Introduction
350(1)
14.2 Yes/no questions
350(4)
14.3 Information questions
354(5)
14.4 Order of object pronouns in questions involving inversion
359(1)
14.5 Order of negative particles in questions involving inversion
359(1)
14.6 Use of question words and phrases: qui?, que?, quoi?, quel?, de qui?, avec combien de? etc.
359(5)
14.7 Indirect questions
364(3)
15 Relative clauses
367(16)
15.1 Introduction
367(1)
15.2 Use of relative qui
368(1)
15.3 Use of relative que
369(1)
15.4 Preposition plus qui
370(1)
15.5 Use of lequel in relative clauses
370(2)
15.6 Use of dont, de qui, duquel/de laquelle/desquels/desquelles
372(1)
15.7 The use of ou as a relative pronoun
373(1)
15.8 Use of relative quoi
374(1)
15.9 Free relative clauses and the use of ce qui, ce que, ce dont, ce a quoi, ce sur quoi, etc.
375(3)
15.10 Translating `whoever', `whatever', `wherever', `whenever', `however'
378(2)
15.11 Indicative and subjunctive in relative clauses
380(3)
16 Negation
383(17)
16.1 Introduction
383(1)
16.2 Location of sentence negators
383(3)
16.3 Order of negators in multiple negation
386(1)
16.4 Omission of ne in sentence negation
386(1)
16.5 Order of negative elements in questions and imperatives
387(1)
16.6 ne...pas
387(4)
16.7 ne...que
391(1)
16.8 ne...aucun(e), ne...nul(le)
391(1)
16.9 ne...jamais
392(1)
16.10 ne...plus
393(1)
16.11 ne...guere
394(1)
16.12 ne...rien
395(1)
16.13 ne...personne
396(1)
16.14 ne...ni...ni
397(1)
16.15 sans used with other negators
398(1)
16.16 ne used alone
398(2)
17 Conjunctions and other linking constructions
400(19)
17.1 Introduction
400(1)
17.2 Coordinating conjunctions
400(1)
17.3 Subordinating conjunctions
401(10)
17.4 Conjunctions sometimes confused by English speakers
411(1)
17.5 Repeated subordinating conjunctions
412(1)
17.6 Subordinating conjunctions used with infinitive clauses
413(1)
17.7 apres avoir/etre + past participle linking an infinitive clause to a main clause
414(1)
17.8 Past participle phrases used as linkers
414(1)
17.9 Present participles and gerunds
415(4)
Appendix 419(3)
Bibliography 422(1)
Index 423
Roger Hawkins is Professor of Language and Linguistics at the University of Essex. Richard Towell is Emeritus Professor of French Applied Linguistics at the University of Salford and a past President of the Association of French Language Studies.