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9 | (2) |
Preface |
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11 | (12) |
Acknowledgements |
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23 | (4) |
Presentation of dates, transliteration, and other editorial practices |
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27 | (2) |
Abbreviations used in the notes |
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29 | (4) |
The Romanovs |
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33 | (2) |
Introduction |
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35 | (44) |
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Conventional assumptions about Franco-Russian bilingualism |
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35 | (9) |
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Russia and `the West', and the two Russias |
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44 | (8) |
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Empire, nation, and language |
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52 | (8) |
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Sociolinguistic perspectives |
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60 | (7) |
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Methodological considerations |
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67 | (5) |
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Literature as a primary source |
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72 | (7) |
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Chapter 1 The historical contexts of Russian francophonie |
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79 | (44) |
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The spread of French in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe |
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79 | (9) |
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The westernization of Russia in the eighteenth century |
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88 | (6) |
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The introduction of foreign languages into eighteenth-century Russia |
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94 | (8) |
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The golden age of the nobility |
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102 | (8) |
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The Napoleonic Wars and the Decembrist Revolt |
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110 | (5) |
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The literary community and the intelligentsia in the age of Nicholas I |
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115 | (8) |
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Chapter 2 Teaching and learning French |
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123 | (50) |
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An overview of French teaching in Russia |
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123 | (12) |
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135 | (11) |
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146 | (5) |
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French (and English) versus Russian |
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151 | (9) |
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Acquiring social and cultural codes by learning French |
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160 | (13) |
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Chapter 3 French at court |
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173 | (42) |
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The discovery of sociability |
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173 | (10) |
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French as a sign of the status of the Russian court |
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183 | (5) |
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French as a court language under Catherine II |
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188 | (7) |
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French at the nineteenth-century court |
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195 | (5) |
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French as a royal language |
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200 | (15) |
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Chapter 4 French in high society |
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215 | (48) |
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The place of French in the noble's linguistic repertoire |
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216 | (6) |
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French in the sites of noble sociability |
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222 | (10) |
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The spirit of the grand monde and social relations in it |
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232 | (10) |
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Francophonie and social identity |
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242 | (11) |
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French beyond the metropolitan aristocracy |
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253 | (10) |
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Chapter 5 French in diplomacy and other official domains |
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263 | (64) |
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The Chancery of Foreign Affairs and language training for Russian diplomats |
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265 | (8) |
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The gradual rise of French in European and Russian treaties |
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273 | (5) |
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Turning to French for the conduct of Russian diplomatic business |
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278 | (9) |
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The influx of French loanwords into Russian diplomatic parlance |
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287 | (3) |
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Language use in internal communications about foreign affairs |
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290 | (5) |
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The triumph of French in the diplomatic community and the limits to its use |
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295 | (6) |
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French and Russian in other official domains |
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301 | (11) |
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French at the Academy of Sciences |
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312 | (15) |
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327 | (68) |
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Types of text and language choice in them |
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327 | (5) |
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Language choice in nobles' personal correspondence |
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332 | (14) |
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Language use in diaries, travel notes, memoirs, and albums |
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346 | (13) |
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Writing French to join Europe |
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359 | (13) |
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Count Rostopchin's `memoirs' |
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372 | (4) |
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Women's place in the literary landscape |
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376 | (5) |
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Early nineteenth-century women's prose fiction |
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381 | (14) |
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Chapter 7 French for cultural propaganda and political polemics |
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395 | (66) |
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Transforming Russia's image |
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395 | (14) |
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Cultural propaganda in French in the age of Catherine |
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409 | (8) |
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Russian use of the Francophone press in the age of Catherine and beyond |
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417 | (7) |
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The promotion and translation of Russian literature |
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424 | (10) |
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Chaadaev's first `Philosophical Letter' |
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434 | (5) |
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Geopolitical polemics around 1848 |
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439 | (13) |
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Polemical writings in French after the Crimean War |
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452 | (9) |
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Chapter 8 Language attitudes |
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461 | (58) |
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Language debate and its place in discourse about national identity |
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461 | (4) |
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The development of Russian language consciousness |
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465 | (7) |
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Linguistic Gallophobia in eighteenth-century comic drama |
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472 | (12) |
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The linguistic debate between Karamzin and Shishkov |
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484 | (10) |
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494 | (7) |
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Literary reflection on francophonie in the 1820s and 1830s |
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501 | (6) |
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A Slavophile view of Russian francophonie: Konstantin Aksakov |
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507 | (12) |
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Chapter 9 Perceptions of bilingualism in the classical Russian novel |
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519 | (52) |
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The rise of the novel and the expression of nationhood in it |
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519 | (3) |
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522 | (12) |
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Lev Tolstoi: War and Peace |
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534 | (16) |
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550 | (8) |
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558 | (13) |
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571 | (18) |
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The functions of French in imperial Russia |
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571 | (4) |
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The changing climate in which French was used |
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575 | (3) |
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Cultural borrowing and language use in grand narratives about Russian culture |
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578 | (11) |
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589 | (72) |
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589 | (22) |
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Published primary sources |
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611 | (16) |
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Secondary sources and reference works |
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627 | (34) |
Index |
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661 | |