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El. knyga: From Methodology to Methods in Human Psychology

  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Serija: SpringerBriefs in Psychology
  • Išleidimo metai: 18-Jul-2017
  • Leidėjas: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319610641
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  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Serija: SpringerBriefs in Psychology
  • Išleidimo metai: 18-Jul-2017
  • Leidėjas: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319610641
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This Brief aims to provide a theoretically innovative introduction to the methodology of the human sciences. It presents a new version of methodology, as a system of mutually linked acts of creating knowledge where both abstract and concrete features of research are intricately intertwined. It shows how the constructions of particular methods that are used in the science of psychology are interdependent with general psychology. This is exemplified as the Methodology Cycle. The need for an emphasis on the Methodology Cycle grows out of the habitual presentation of methods as if they were independent from the assumptions which they are built upon, with the ultimate goal of searching for and creating universal principles. Chapters discuss the Methodology Cycle and its uses in various areas of empirical study in psychological functions. 

Featured topics in this Brief include: 









The strict separation between methodology and methods.

Introspection, the primary method of psychology.

Extrospection, the act of introspection turned outwards.

Generalization and its effect on uniqueness.









From Methodology to Methods in Human Psychology will be of interest to psychologists, undergraduate and graduate students, and researchers. 
1 Methodology as Foundation for Discovery
1(8)
The Goal: Search for Universal Principles
2(7)
The "Blind Spots" in Psychological Epistemology
3(2)
A Methodological Need: Preserving the Whole
5(1)
Basic Axiomatics for Human Psychology
5(2)
The Principle of Parsimony
7(2)
2 General Epistemology of Open Systems
9(12)
Organisms Exist Only as Open Systems
10(2)
Making Sense of Living Organisms Without Vitalist Assumptions
12(1)
The Borrowed Concept---Equifinality
13(1)
The Steady State (Fliessgleichgewicht)
13(1)
General Idea of Development: Hierarchical Reorganization in Time
14(2)
What Would Be Different in Open-System Methodology
16(2)
The Meaning of Objectivity
18(1)
The Meaning of "the Data"
19(1)
Conclusion: What Is Needed for Methodology?
19(2)
3 Methodology in the New Key: The Methodology Cycle
21(10)
The Role of Intuition in Science
28(3)
4 Frames of Reference
31(10)
Summary: Psychology Has Been Using Inadequate Reference Frames
36(5)
The Individual-Ecological Reference Frame
36(1)
The Individual-Socioecological Reference Frame
37(2)
Conclusion: Needed---Consistency Between Basic Assumptions and Reference Frames
39(2)
5 The Role of Methods in the Methodology Cycle
41(18)
Studying Personality: Relocating Focus from Responses to Responding Processes
41(1)
Taking a Dynamic View on Seemingly Static Methods: What Is a "Personality Test" Item?
42(4)
Conditional-Genetic Analysis
46(2)
Methods of Re- and Pre-construction (Post-factum and Pre-factum)
48(1)
How Do We Cover the Four Infinities?
48(1)
Method Construction in Open-Systemic World: Exploring Relations Between Infinities
49(10)
Externalizing the Flow of Thinking: "Thinking Aloud" and "Walking Along"
51(3)
The Trajectory Equifinality Approach (TEA/TEM)
54(3)
Conclusion: Methodology as Movement
57(2)
6 Introspection as the Basic Method in Psychological Science
59(6)
Methods Capitalizing on Process Orientation
59(2)
Introspection as a Method to Link Proactive and Retroactive Movements
61(1)
Rating Scales: Trivialized Introspection
62(2)
Conclusion: Why Is Introspection the Central Method for Psychology?
64(1)
7 Methods of Extrospection: Interview, Questionnaire, Experiment
65(16)
Three Techniques in Extrospection: Interview, Questionnaire, Experiment
65(9)
Intention to Enter into Research Relation: "Contacting Participants"
66(1)
Interview as a Method: Coordinating Perspectives
67(1)
Interview Delegated to Fixed Messages: A Questionnaire
68(1)
Experiment as Guided Observation
69(5)
Process-Focused Methods: Utilizing the Guidance of the Mind
74(3)
Reconstructive Memory and Conversational Reconstruction Techniques
75(2)
Directing the Extrospective Process: Story Completion Methods
77(2)
Conclusion: From Outcome-Focused to Process-Analytic Methods
79(2)
8 Generalization from Single Instances
81(6)
The Base: Generalization Through Abduction
82(1)
Fictional Characters as Data
83(1)
The Real Nature of Fictions
84(3)
9 General Conclusion: Research as Knowledge-Constrained Semiosis
87(10)
Scientific Knowledge as Strategically Constrained Semiosis
88(3)
Research as Knowledge-Constrained and Knowledge-Constraining Activity
89(2)
References
91(6)
Commentary 1 Throwing the Baby Out with the Bathwater: How Decontextualized Research Obscures the Very Phenomena They Aim to Study
97(8)
Nandita Chaudhary
An Example
97(2)
The "Magic" of Measurement
99(1)
Images of Reality
100(2)
Dynamic Process Methodology
102(1)
The Science of Single Cases
103(1)
References
104(1)
Commentary 2 Toward a Renewal of Methodology --- The Contribution of Psychoanalysis
105(8)
Gerhard Benetka
References
111(2)
Index 113
Jaan Valsiner is Niels Bohr Professor of Cultural Psychology at Aalborg University, Denmark. He is the founding editor (1995) of the Sage journal, Culture & Psychology.  And of The Oxford Handbook of Culture and Psychology (2012). He is also the Editor-in-Chief of Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Sciences  (Springer, from 2007) and the Springer Briefs seriesTheoretical Advances in Psychology. In 1995 he was awarded the Alexander von Humboldt Prize in Germany for his interdisciplinary work on human development, and Senior Fulbright Lecturing Award in Brazil 1995-1997. He is the winner of the Hans-Kilian-Award of 2017 for his interdisciplinary work uniting social sciences.  He has been a visiting professor in Brazil, Japan, Australia, Estonia. Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, Norway, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.