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El. knyga: Functional Diversity of Mycorrhiza and Sustainable Agriculture: Management to Overcome Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

(Institute of Mediterranean Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University ), (Institute of Mediterranean Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal), (University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada)
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 19-May-2017
  • Leidėjas: Academic Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128042861
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 19-May-2017
  • Leidėjas: Academic Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128042861

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Functional Diversity of Mycorrhiza and Sustainable Agriculture is the first book to present the core concepts of working with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve agricultural crop productivity.

Highlighting the use of indigenous AM fungi for agriculture, the book includes details on how to maintain and promote AM fungal diversity to improve sustainability and cost-effectiveness. As the need to improve production while restricting scarce inputs and preventing environmental impacts increases, the use of AMF offers an important option for exploiting the soil microbial population. It can enhance nutrient cycling and minimize the impacts of biotic and abiotic stresses, such as soil-borne disease, drought, and metal toxicity.

The book offers land managers, policymakers, soil scientists, and agronomists a novel approach to utilizing soil microbiology in improving agricultural practices.

  • Provides a new approach to exploiting the benefits of mycorrhizas for sustainable arable agricultural production using indigenous AMF populations and adopting appropriate crop production techniques
  • Bridges the gap between soil microbiology, including increasing knowledge of mycorrhiza and agronomy
  • Presents real-world practical insights and application-based results, including a chapter focused primarily on case studies
  • Includes extensive illustrative diagrams and photographs

Daugiau informacijos

Explores the challenges and opportunities of using AMF in agricultural productivity, also detailing application based results
List of Figures
ix
List of Plates
xiii
List of Tables
xv
Preface xvii
Taxonomy of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Referred to in this Book xxi
1 Challenges to Agriculture Systems
1.1 Current and Future Challenges to Agriculture Systems
1(4)
1.2 The Approach to Meeting the Challenges to World Agriculture
5(9)
1.3 Conclusions
14(2)
2 Agronomic Opportunities to Modify Cropping Systems and Soil Conditions Considered Supportive of an Abundant, Diverse AMF Population
2.1 Components of Cropping Systems
16(19)
2.1.1 Land Preparation
16(9)
2.1.2 Cropping
25(3)
2.1.3 Application and Use of Mineral Fertilizers, Organic, and Inorganic Amendments in Crop Production
28(6)
2.1.4 The Application of Pesticides
34(1)
2.2 Key Aspects of Agricultural Systems on Diversity of Mycorrhiza
35(3)
2.3 Conclusions
38(1)
3 The Roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Current Constraints to Their Intentional Use in Agriculture
3.1 Benefits of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza
39(15)
3.1.1 Acquisition of Mineral Nutrients
41(8)
3.1.2 Defense Against Abiotic Stresses
49(1)
3.1.3 Defense Against Biotic Stresses
50(2)
3.1.4 Water Relations in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Plants
52(2)
3.2 Constraints to Intentional Use of AMF in Agriculture
54(4)
3.3 Conclusions
58(3)
4 Diversity in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
Clarisse Brigido
4.1 Ecological Roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
61(1)
4.2 Basis of Functional Diversity in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
62(4)
4.2.1 Taxonomy of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
62(2)
4.2.2 Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Related to Growth Habit
64(1)
4.2.3 Interaction Between the Genotypes of Fungi and Host Plants and the Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza
65(1)
4.3 Functional Diversity Associated With Host-Plant Benefits
66(9)
4.3.1 Acquisition of Mineral Nutrients
67(2)
4.3.2 Protection Against Abiotic Stresses
69(4)
4.3.3 Protection Against Biotic Stresses
73(1)
4.3.4 Improvement in Soil Structure
74(1)
4.4 AMF Diversity Associated With the Management of Different Ecosystems
75(3)
4.5 Conclusions
78(4)
5 Impacts on Host Plants of Interactions Between AMF and Other Soil Organisms in the Rhizosphere
Luis Alho
Sabaruddin Kadir
5.1 Interactions Between AMF and Other Soil Microbes
82(25)
5.1.1 The Tripartite Interaction Between AMF, Rhizobia, and Legumes
85(18)
5.1.2 Other Interactions With Bacteria
103(4)
5.2 Interactions Between AMF and Other Fungi
107(1)
5.3 Interactions Between AMF and Soil Fauna
107(2)
5.3.1 Interactions With Arthropods
107(1)
5.3.2 Interactions With Earthworms
108(1)
5.4 Conclusions
109(3)
6 The Significance of an Intact Extraradical Mycelium and Early Root Colonization in Managing Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
6.1 Importance of Early Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Colonization
112(2)
6.2 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculum Sources
114(5)
6.2.1 Spores
114(2)
6.2.2 Colonized Root Fragments
116(1)
6.2.3 Extraradical Mycelium
116(3)
6.3 ERM as an Effective Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Inoculum Source for Field Crops
119(7)
6.3.1 Persistence of Infective Extraradical Mycelium in Soil
119(1)
6.3.2 AMF Taxonomic Cluster Colonizing Strategies
120(3)
6.3.3 The Presence of Adequate Host Plants and ERM Integrity: Crop Rotations and Tillage Regime
123(3)
6.4 Multiple Roles of ERM and Common Mycorrhizal Networks
126(3)
6.4.1 Transfer of Nutrients Between Plants
126(2)
6.4.2 Communication Between Plants
128(1)
6.4.3 Development of Soil Structure
128(1)
6.5 Conclusions
129(3)
7 New Tools to Investigate Biological Diversity and Functional Consequences
Diederik van Tuinen
7.1 Genetic Markers
132(4)
7.1.1 Small Ribosomal Subunit
132(1)
7.1.2 Large Ribosomal Subunit
133(1)
7.1.3 Delineation of Operational Taxonomic Units
134(1)
7.1.4 Mitochondrial Large Ribosomal Subunit
135(1)
7.1.5 RNA Polymerase II
136(1)
7.2 Functional Diversity
136(4)
7.3 Conclusions
140(6)
8 Management of Biological and Functional Diversity in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Within Cropping Systems
8.1 Managing Indigenous AMF in Agroecosystems
146(22)
8.1.1 Managing Indigenous AMF to Overcome Abiotic Stresses
146(15)
8.1.2 Managing Indigenous AMF to Overcome Biotic Stresses
161(5)
8.1.3 Discussion of the Results from the Case Studies
166(2)
8.2 Opportunities to Develop ERM From Indigenous AMF Within the Cropping System
168(5)
8.2.1 Criteria to Select Developer Plants
171(2)
8.3 Some Final Comments
173(2)
References 175(48)
Index 223
Michael Goss is a soil scientist and worked for over 20 years in the UK (Letcombe Laboratory, Rothamsted Research and the James Hutton Research Institute), collaborating with colleagues in France, Germany, Portugal and Australia. In 1990 he joined University of Guelph, Canada, as Research Chair in Land Stewardship and is Professor Emeritus in the School of Environmental Sciences. Michael is an Honorary Member and Fellow of the British Society of Soil Science. He was Editor-in-Chief of Soil Use and Management and part of the editorial team for 10 years until 2019. He has written over 175 academic papers, edited two books and co-written a University-level textbook (2 editions) on water in plant production and a book on the management of arbuscular mycorrhizas. Professor Mįrio Carvalhos research interests are related to different aspects of low input cropping systems; tillage systems, crop rotation, integrated weed control and nutrient management. In addition he has developed a very close contact with producers over the past 30 years, establishing a solid scientific and practical knowledge of cropping system management under conservation agriculture. More recently his focus has been on the use of symbioses, specifically arbuscular micorrhiza and rhizobia, in bio-protection of cultivated plants within the cropping systems. Dr. Isabel Britos research field is the management of native arbuscular mycorrhizas in low input cropping systems, particularly in Mediterranean regions. Key areas of study are the effects of common agronomic practices (weed control, tillage system and crop rotation) on AMF diversity and AM colonization of small grain crops. More recently she has focused on developing strategies to manage indigenous AMF within cropping systems for the bio-protection of cultivated plants.