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El. knyga: Functionalized Nanomaterials I: Fabrications

Edited by (Panjab University, India), Edited by , Edited by , Edited by (Nano-food Research Group, VIT University, India)
  • Formatas: 328 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 20-Aug-2020
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351021616
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Functionalized Nanomaterials I: FabricationsDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: 328 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 20-Aug-2020
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351021616
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Nanomaterials contain some unique properties compared to their bulk. Their unique properties are due to the chemical nature of the material, small size, and surface functionalization. Along with control over size, the functionalization of nanomaterials also affects their compatibility to the environment and living organisms. This book provides a detailed account of nanomaterials functionalization along with a brief overview of their application.

This book serves as a reference for scientific investigators including doctoral and postdoctoral scholars and undergradate and graduate students who need to have knowledge of the basics of nanomaterial functionalization, recent advancements, challenges, and opportunities in this field. This book will also provide critical and comparative data for nano-technologists and may be beneficial for industry personnel, journalists, policy makers, and the general public to help understand functionalized nanomaterials in detail and in depth.

Features:











This book is comprehensive and covers all aspects of functionalized nanotechnology.





It describes the challenges and methods of functionalized nanomaterials synthesis for different applications.





It discusses the recent findings and cutting-edge global research trends on the functionalization of nanomaterials.





It emphasizes the products and market, safety, and regulatory issues of functionalized nanomaterials.





It contains contributions from international experts and will be a valuable resource for researchers.
1 Comprehensive Array of Ample Analytical Strategies for Characterization of Nanomaterials
Nitesh Dhiman
Amrita Singh
Aditya K. Kar
Mahaveer P. Purohit
Satyakam Patnaik
1.1 Background
2(1)
1.2 Overview of Physiochemical Characteristics of Nanomaterials
2(1)
1.3 Size
2(2)
1.3.1 Morphology
3(1)
1.3.2 Surface Properties
3(1)
1.3.3 Composition and Purity
3(1)
1.3.4 Stability
4(1)
1.4 Techniques for Physicochemical Characterization of NPs
4(21)
1.4.1 Microscopic Techniques
4(1)
1.4.1.1 Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM)
5(1)
1.4.1.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
5(1)
1.4.1.3 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
6(1)
1.4.1.4 Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM)
7(1)
1.4.1.5 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
7(1)
1.4.2 Spectroscopic Techniques
7(1)
1.4.2.1 Optical Spectroscopy
7(1)
1.4.2.2 Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy
8(1)
1.4.2.3 Fluorescence Spectroscopy
8(1)
1.4.2.4 Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS)
9(1)
1.4.2.5 Confocal Correlation Spectroscopy (CCS)
9(1)
1.4.2.6 Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy
9(1)
1.4.2.7 Raman Scattering (RS)
10(1)
1.4.2.8 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
10(1)
1.4.2.9 Mass Spectrometry (MS)
11(1)
1.4.2.10 Circular Dichroism (CD)
11(1)
1.4.3 Miscellaneous Techniques
11(1)
1.4.3.1 Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)
11(1)
1.4.3.2 Zeta Potential
12(1)
1.4.3.3 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
12(1)
1.4.3.4 Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)
13(1)
1.4.3.5 Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM)
13(1)
1.4.3.6 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
13(1)
1.4.3.7 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM)
14(1)
1.4.3.8 Analytical Ultracentrifugation (AUG)
14(1)
1.4.3.9 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)
14(1)
Conclusion
14(1)
References
15(10)
2 Facile Chemical Fabrication of Designer Biofunctionalized Nanomaterials
A.H. Sneharani
K. Byrappa
2.1 Introduction
25(1)
2.2 Synthesis of Nanoparticles
26(1)
2.3 Methods of Surface Functionalization
27(1)
2.4 Coupling Strategies
27(2)
2.4.1 Covalent Coupling
27(1)
2.4.1.1 Click-Chemistry Approach
28(1)
2.4.2 Noncovalent Coupling
29(1)
2.5 Affinity Interactions
29(6)
2.5.1 Poly(ethylene glycol)
29(1)
2.5.2 Bioconjugation Using Biomolecules
30(1)
2.5.3 Biotin--Avidin
30(1)
2.5.4 DNA/Nucleic Acids
31(1)
2.5.5 Proteins and Peptides
32(1)
2.5.6 Carbohydrates
32(1)
2.5.7 Phospholipids
33(1)
Conclusion
33(1)
References
33(2)
3 Functionalized Nanogold: Its Fabrication and Needs
Biswajit Choudhury
3.1 Introduction
35(1)
3.2 Fabrication of Functionalized Gold Nanostructures
36(9)
3.2.1 Physical Techniques of Fabrication
36(1)
3.2.2 Chemical Synthesis Methods for Functionalized Gold
37(1)
3.2.2.1 Citrate Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles
37(2)
3.2.2.2 Thiol-Protected Gold Nanostructures
39(1)
3.2.2.3 Polymer-Stabilized Gold Nanostructures
40(1)
3.2.2.4 Anisotropic Gold Nanostructures
41(3)
3.2.3 Electrochemical and Photochemical Synthesis
44(1)
3.3 Surface Plasmon Resonance Properties of Gold Nanostructures
45(1)
3.4 Application of Gold Nanostructures
45(12)
3.4.1 Chemical Sensing
45(2)
3.4.2 Biosensing
47(1)
3.4.3 Catalysis
48(1)
3.4.3.1 Plasmonic Photocatalysis
49(2)
Conclusion
51(1)
References
51(6)
4 Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Applications
G. Krishna
V. Pranitha
Reeja Sundaram
M.A. Singara Charya
4.1 Nanotechnology
57(1)
4.2 Nanomaterials and Nanoparticles
57(1)
4.3 Silver Nanoparticles
58(1)
4.4 Publication Scenario on Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis
58(2)
4.4.1 Physical Approaches
59(1)
4.4.2 Chemical Approaches
59(1)
4.4.3 Biological Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
60(1)
4.5 Microbe-Assisted Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
60(1)
4.6 Plant-Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
60(1)
4.7 Fungal-Derived Silver Nanoparticles
60(1)
4.8 Superiority of Biological Methods
61(1)
4.9 Silver Nanoparticles from White-Rot Fungi
61(1)
4.10 Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis
61(1)
4.11 Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles by Fungi
61(1)
4.12 Intracellular Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Fungi
62(1)
4.13 Extracellular Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Fungi
62(1)
4.14 Silver Nanoparticles from White-Rot Fungi
62(1)
4.15 Applications of Silver Nanoparticles
63(1)
4.16 Antimicrobial Activity
64(1)
4.17 Anticandidal Activity
65(1)
4.18 Application of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles in Fabrics
65(1)
4.19 Anticancer Activity
65(1)
4.20 Nanotechnology in Wood Protection
65(6)
Conclusion
66(1)
References
66(5)
5 Nanostructure Thin Films: Synthesis and Different Applications
Ho Soon Min
Debabrata Saha
J.M. Kalita
M.P. Sarma
Ayan Mukherjee
Benjamin Ezekoye
Veronica A. Ezekoye
Ashok Kumar Sharma
Manesh A. Yewale
Ayaz Baayramov
Trilok Kumar Pathak
5.1 Introduction
71(1)
5.2 Atomic Layer Deposition of Thin Film
71(1)
5.3 Chemical Bath Deposition of Thin Film
72(2)
5.4 Electrodeposition of Thin Films
74(1)
5.5 Spray Pyrolysis Deposition of Thin Film
75(1)
5.6 Successive Ionic Layer Absorption and Reaction Deposition of Thin Film
76(1)
5.7 RF Sputtering Deposition of Thin Films
77(6)
Conclusion
78(1)
Acknowledgments
78(1)
References
78(5)
6 Carbon Nanotubes: Preparation and Surface Modification for Multifunctional Applications
Jingyao Sun
Jing Zhu
Merideth A. Cooper
Darning Wu
Zhaogang Yang
6.1 Introduction
83(2)
6.2 Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes
85(5)
6.2.1 Arc Discharge
85(1)
6.2.2 Laser Ablation (Also Called Laser Vaporization)
86(2)
6.2.3 Chemical Vapor Deposition
88(2)
6.3 Carbon Nanotube Modification
90(9)
6.3.1 Covalent Modification
90(2)
6.3.1.1 Sidewall and End-T Modification
92(1)
6.3.1.2 Defect Modification
93(3)
6.3.2 Non-Covalent Modification
96(1)
6.3.2.1 Exohedral Modification
96(2)
6.3.2.2 Endohedral Filling Modification
98(1)
6.4 Application
99(16)
6.4.1 Functional Nanocomposite Materials
99(1)
6.4.2 Electronics
100(1)
6.4.3 Biotechnological Applications
101(1)
Conclusion
102(1)
References
102(13)
7 Carbon Dots: Scalable Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties, and Biomedical Application
Savita Chaudhary
Pooja Chauhan
7.1 Introduction
115(1)
7.2 Characteristic Properties of Carbon Dots
116(1)
7.3 Synthesis and Application of Carbon Dots
116(6)
7.4 Future Prospects of Carbon Dots
122(3)
Conclusion
122(1)
References
123(2)
8 Investigations on Exotic Forms of Carbon: Nanotubes, Graphene, Fullerene, and Quantum Dots
Mahe Talat
Kalpana Awasthi
Vikas Kumar Singh
O.N. Srivastava
8.1 Introduction
125(1)
8.2 Synthesis Methods of Different Carbon Nanomaterials
126(3)
8.2.1 Fullerene
126(1)
8.2.2 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
126(1)
8.2.2.1 Arc Discharge
126(2)
8.2.2.2 Laser Ablation
128(1)
8.2.2.3 Chemical Vapor Deposition
128(1)
8.2.3 Preparation of Graphene
128(1)
8.2.4 Synthesis of CQDs
129(1)
8.3 Our Group's R and D Efforts towards Synthesis and Characterization of CNTs, Graphene, Fullerene, and Quantum Dots
129(2)
8.3.1 Synthesis of CNTs and Fullerene
129(1)
8.3.2 Synthesis of Graphene
130(1)
8.3.3 Synthesis of CQDs
130(1)
8.4 Conclusions
131(4)
Acknowledgments
132(1)
References
132(3)
9 Nanodiamonds and Other Organic Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Surface Modifications
Navneet Kaur
Chander Prakash
Aman Bhalla
Ganga Ram Chaudhary
9.1 Introduction
135(2)
9.2 Nanodiamonds
137(9)
9.2.1 Structure of Nanodiamonds
137(1)
9.2.2 Significant Properties of Nanodiamonds
137(1)
9.2.2.1 Physical Properties
138(1)
9.2.2.2 Chemical Properties
138(1)
9.2.2.3 Biological Properties
138(1)
9.2.3 Synthesis of Nanodiamonds
138(1)
9.2.3.1 Detonation Synthesis
138(2)
9.2.3.2 Laser-Based Synthesis
140(1)
9.2.3.3 High-Pressure High-Temperature Synthesis
141(1)
9.2.3.4 Ultrasonic Cavitation
142(1)
9.2.3.5 Chemical Vapor Deposition
142(2)
9.2.4 Purification of Nanodiamonds
144(1)
9.2.5 Functionalized Nanodiamonds
144(2)
9.3 Organic Nanoparticles
146(15)
9.3.1 General Synthetic Approaches for the Fabrication of Organic Nanoparticles
146(1)
9.3.1.1 Top-Down Approaches
146(1)
9.3.1.2 Bottom-Up Approaches
146(1)
9.3.2 Synthesis of Organic Nanoparticles
146(1)
9.3.2.1 Micelles
146(1)
9.3.2.2 Vesicles and Liposomes
147(1)
9.3.2.3 Dendrimers
148(3)
9.3.2.4 Polymeric Nanoparticles
151(1)
9.3.2.5 Polymer-Based Nanostructures
151(3)
9.3.2.6 Lipid-Based Nanoparticles
154(2)
Conclusion
156(1)
Acknowledgments
156(1)
References
156(5)
10 Polymeric Nanoparticles: Preparation and Surface Modification
A. Chancier
R. Santhosh
S. Avinash
M. Priyanka
T. Guping
B. Murali
R. Karthik
S.N. Rathe
10.1 Introduction
161(1)
10.2 Polymers
161(1)
10.3 Polymer Properties
162(1)
10.4 Nanoparticles
163(1)
10.5 Strategies to Functionalize Nanoparticles
163(1)
10.6 Characterizations of Polymeric Nanoparticles
164(7)
References
168(3)
11 Cellulose Fibers and Nanocrystals: Preparation, Characterization, and Surface Modification
Djalal Trache
Ahmed Fouzi Tarchoun
Mehdi Derradji
Oussama Mehelli
M. Hazwan Hussin
Wissam Bessa
11.1 Introduction
171(1)
11.2 Cellulose Fibers: Structure and Chemistry
172(1)
11.3 Cellulose Sources
173(2)
11.4 Cellulose Isolation Methods
175(1)
11.4.1 Cellulose from Lignocellulosic Materials
175(1)
11.4.2 Cellulose from Animals, Algae, and Bacteria
176(1)
11.5 Overview of Cellulose Nanofibers
176(1)
11.6 Cellulose Nanocrystals: Preparation Methods
177(1)
11.7 Characterization and Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals
178(4)
11.7.1 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
179(1)
11.7.2 X-Ray Diffraction Analysis
179(1)
11.7.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
180(1)
11.7.4 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
180(1)
11.7.5 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
181(1)
11.7.6 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
182(1)
11.8 Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals
182(9)
11.8.1 Covalent Modification
182(1)
11.8.1.1 Esterification
182(1)
11.8.1.2 Silylation
183(1)
11.8.1.3 Etherification
183(1)
11.8.2 Non-Covalent Modification
184(1)
11.8.3 Mercerization
184(1)
Conclusion
184(1)
Acknowledgments
185(1)
References
185(6)
12 Protein and Peptide Nanoparticles: Preparation and Surface Modification
K. Vinay
S. Neha
S. S. Maitra
12.1 Introduction
191(1)
12.2 Parameters for the Preparation of Protein Nanoparticles
192(1)
12.2.1 Protein Composition
192(1)
12.2.2 Protein Solubility
193(1)
12.2.3 Surface Properties
193(1)
12.2.4 Properties of Drugs
193(1)
12.3 Methods of Preparation
193(12)
12.3.1 Desolvation
193(1)
12.3.2 Crosslinking
194(1)
12.3.3 Coacervation
195(1)
12.3.4 Emulsification
195(1)
12.3.5 Nanoprecipitation
196(1)
12.3.6 Nanoparticles Auto Assembly
196(1)
12.3.7 Coating Layer by Layer
197(1)
12.3.8 Spray Drying
198(1)
12.3.9 Electrospray
198(1)
12.3.10 Salting Out
198(1)
12.3.11 Albumin-Bound Nanoparticle Preparation
199(1)
Conclusion
199(1)
References
199(6)
13 Recent Advances in Glycolipid Biosurfactants at a Glance: Biosynthesis, Fractionation, Purification, and Distinctive Applications
Rohini Kanwar
S.K. Mehta
13.1 Introduction
205(1)
13.2 Biosynthesis and Physiochemical Aspects of Glycolipid BS
206(4)
13.2.1 Rhamnolipids (RLs)
207(1)
13.2.1.1 Biosynthesis of RLs
207(1)
13.2.2 Sophorolipids (SLs)
207(1)
13.2.2.1 Biosynthesis of SLs
207(1)
13.2.3 Trehalose Lipids (TLs)
207(2)
13.2.3.1 Biosynthesis of TLs
209(1)
13.2.4 Mannosylerythritol Lipids (MELs)
209(1)
13.2.4.1 Biosynthesis of MELs
209(1)
13.3 Microbial Glycolipid Fractionation and Purification
210(1)
13.4 Microbial Glycolipid Distinctive Applications
211(4)
Conclusion
211(1)
Acknowledgments
212(1)
References
212(3)
14 Insight into Covalent/Non-Covalent Functionalization of Silica Nanoparticles for Neurotherapeutic and Neurodiagnostic Agents
Anup K. Srivastava
Babita Kaundal
Garima Khanna
Subhasree Roy Choudhury
Surajit Karmakar
14.1 Introduction
215(1)
14.2 Common Synthesis and Characterization
216(2)
14.3 Covalent Attachment of Functionalities to Silica Surface
218(1)
14.3.1 Functionalization by Co-Condensation Method
218(1)
14.3.2 Functionalization by the Post-Synthesis Grafting Method
218(1)
14.4 Non-Covalent Chemistry for Silica Nanoparticle Functionalization
219(1)
14.5 Application of Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles
219(6)
14.5.1 Precise Neuro-Delivery
219(1)
14.5.2 Biosensing and Neurodiagnostics
220(1)
Conclusion
221(1)
References
222(3)
15 Fabrication and Functionalization of Ionic Liquids
Neha Jindal
Kulvinder Singh
15.1 Introduction
225(1)
15.2 Classification of Ionic Liquids
226(1)
15.2.1 First Generation
226(1)
15.2.2 Second Generation
226(1)
15.2.3 Third Generation
226(1)
15.3 Properties of Ionic Liquids
227(1)
15.3.1 Melting Point
227(1)
15.3.2 Viscosity of Ionic Liquids
227(1)
15.3.3 Density of Ionic Liquids
227(1)
15.3.4 Diffusion and Conductivity
227(1)
15.3.5 Solubility and Solvation in Ionic Liquids
227(1)
15.3.6 Thermal Stability
228(1)
15.4 Synthesis and Functionalization of Ionic Liquids
228(2)
15.4.1 Synthesis of Task-Specific Ionic liquids or Functionalized Ionic Liquids
229(1)
15.5 Applications of Ionic Liquids
230(10)
15.5.1 Application in Electrochemistry
230(1)
15.5.2 Ionic Liquids as Ion-Sensitive Electrodes
230(1)
15.5.3 Voltammetric Sensors
231(1)
15.5.4 Ionic Liquids in Supercapacitors
231(1)
15.5.5 Application of Ionic Liquids in Industry
231(1)
15.5.5.1 BASIL Process
231(1)
15.5.5.2 Replacing Phosgene
231(1)
15.5.6 Ionic Liquids in Environmental Application
232(1)
Conclusion
232(1)
References
232(8)
16 Fabrication and Functionalization of Other Inorganic Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites
Kiranmai Mandava
Uma Rajeswari B.
16.1 Iron (Fe) and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs)
240(2)
16.1.1 Fabrication of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
240(1)
16.1.2 Functionalization of Magnetic Nanoparticles
240(2)
16.1.3 Nanocomposites of MNPs
242(1)
16.2 Copper Nanoparticles
242(3)
16.2.1 Problems in the Fabrication of Copper Nanoparticles
242(1)
16.2.2 Methods of Fabrication of Copper Nanoparticles
242(1)
16.2.2.1 Chemical Methods (Lisiecki, 1993)
242(1)
16.2.2.2 Physical Methods
242(1)
16.2.2.3 Physicochemical Method
242(1)
16.2.2.4 Biological Methods
242(1)
16.2.3 Coating of Copper Nanoparticles with Protective Agents
243(1)
16.2.4 Functionalization
243(1)
16.2.5 Nanocomposites
244(1)
16.2.6 Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CONPs)
244(1)
16.2.6.1 Fabrication of CONPs
244(1)
16.2.6.2 CONP Nanocomposites
245(1)
16.3 Palladium Nanoparticles
245(2)
16.3.1 Fabrication of Palladium Nanoparticles
245(1)
16.3.1.1 Polyol Method
245(1)
16.3.1.2 Microemulsion Technique
245(1)
16.3.1.3 Other Methods of Fabrication
245(1)
16.3.2 Biological Methods
246(1)
16.3.3 Functionalization
246(1)
16.3.3.1 Functionalization Iminophosphines
246(1)
16.3.3.2 Functionalization by Thiol
246(1)
16.3.4 Nanocomposites
246(1)
16.4 Magnesium Nanoparticles
247(1)
16.4.1 Major Fabrication Methods of Magnesium Nanoparticles
247(1)
16.4.2 Magnesium Nanocomposites
247(1)
16.5 Calcium Nanoparticles
247(1)
16.5.1 Fabrication of Calcium Nanoparticles
247(1)
16.5.1.1 Calcium Dihydrogen Phosphate Nanoparticles
247(1)
16.5.1.2 Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles
248(1)
16.5.1.3 Pharmaceutical Applications
248(1)
16.5.2 Nanocomposites
248(1)
16.6 Iridium and Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles
248(1)
16.7 Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (Titania, TONPs)
249(1)
16.7.1 Fabrication of TONPs
249(1)
16.7.2 Functionalization of TONPs
249(1)
16.7.3 Nanocomposites
249(1)
16.8 Tin Oxide Nanoparticles
250(1)
16.8.1 Fabricating Methods of Tin Oxide Nanoparticles
250(1)
16.9 Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs)
250(1)
16.9.1 Uniqueness of Selenium and Its Nanoparticles
250(1)
16.9.2 Fabrication of SeNPs
250(1)
16.9.3 Biological Synthesis of SeNPs
251(1)
16.9.4 Applications of Functionalized SeNPs in Cancer Therapy
251(1)
16.9.5 Other Applications of Functionalized SeNPs
251(1)
16.10 Zirconium Oxide (ZrO2) Nanoparticles
251(2)
16.10.1 Fabrication
251(1)
16.10.2 Functionalization
252(1)
16.10.2.1 Stability Aspect of ZrO2 Nanoparticles
252(1)
16.10.3 Nanocomposites
252(1)
16.11 Zinc (Zn) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles (Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles)
253(16)
16.11.1 Fabrication Methods
253(1)
16.11.2 Biological Synthesis
253(1)
16.11.3 Functionalization
253(2)
References
255(14)
17 Clay/Non-Ionic Surfactant Hybrid Nanocomposites
Giuseppe Cavallaro
Giuseppe Lazzara
Stefana Milioto
Filippo Parisi
Luciana Sciascia
17.1 Introduction
269(1)
17.2 Clay Minerals
270(1)
17.3 Surfactants in Water
271(1)
17.4 Block Copolymers in Water
271(1)
17.5 Surfactant/Clay Mixtures
272(7)
Conclusion
274(1)
References
274(5)
18 Microorganism-Mediated Functionalization of Nanoparticles for Different Applications
Maheshkumar Prakash Patil
Gun-Do Kim
18.1 Introduction
279(2)
18.1.1 Nanoparticle Synthesis by Different Methods
280(1)
18.1.2 Nanoparticles Synthesis Using Microorganisms
280(1)
18.2 Microbe-Mediated Synthesis of Nanoparticles
281(5)
18.2.1 Mechanism of Nanoparticle Formation
281(1)
18.2.1.1 Intracellular Synthesis
281(2)
18.2.1.2 Extracellular Synthesis
283(1)
18.2.2 Bacteria in Synthesis of Nanoparticles
283(1)
18.2.3 Cyanobacteria and Actinomycetes in the Synthesis of Nanoparticles
284(1)
18.2.4 Yeast and Fungi in the Synthesis of Nanoparticles
284(1)
18.2.5 Algae in the Synthesis of Nanoparticles
285(1)
18.3 Effects of Different Parameters in the Synthesis of Nanoparticles
286(1)
18.4 Characterization of Nanoparticles
287(1)
18.4.1 UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis)
287(1)
18.4.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
287(1)
18.4.3 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
287(1)
18.4.4 Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)
287(1)
18.4.5 Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDXS)
287(1)
18.4.6 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
287(1)
18.4.7 Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR)
287(1)
18.5 Applications of Microbe-Mediated Nanoparticles
288(4)
18.5.1 Antibacterial Activity of Nanoparticles
288(1)
18.5.2 Antifungal Activities of Nanoparticles
289(1)
18.5.3 Anticancer Activity of Nanoparticles
289(1)
18.5.4 Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery
290(1)
18.5.5 Nanoparticles in the Food Industry
291(1)
18.5.6 Biosensors
291(1)
18.5.7 Catalyst
291(1)
18.5.8 Agricultural Applications
291(1)
18.5.9 Bioremediation Appl ications
291(1)
18.6 Challenges and Limitations
292(7)
Conclusion
292(1)
Acknowledgments
292(1)
References
292(7)
19 Nanotechnology in Molecular Targeting, Drug Delivery, and Immobilization of Enzyme(s)
Abhishek Sharma
Kishore Kumar
Tanvi Sharma
Shweta Sharma
Shamsher S. Kanwar
19.1 Introduction
299(1)
19.2 Different Classes of NPs
300(1)
19.2.1 Liposomes
300(1)
19.2.2 Ceramic NPs
301(1)
19.2.3 Metallic NPs
301(1)
19.2.4 Carbon Nanomaterials
301(1)
19.2.5 Quantum Dots (QDs)
301(1)
19.3 Applications of Nanoparticles
301
19.3.1 NPs as Immobilization Matrices
302(1)
19.3.2 Role of NPs in Medicine
303(1)
19.3.3 Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery Systems
303(1)
19.3.4 NPs-Targeting Tumor Sites
304(1)
Conclusion
304(1)
Acknowledgments
304(1)
Conflict of Interest
304(1)
References
304
Vineet Kumar is currently working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Biotechnology, LPU, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Previously he was Asst. Prof. at DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India and UGC-Dr DSK postdoctoral fellow (2013-2016) at the Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry (CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, U.T., India. He has worked in different area of biotechnology and nanotechnology in various institutes and universities namely, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, U.T., India, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P. India and Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, H.P. India. His areas of interest include green synthesis of nanoparticles, nanotoxicity testing of nanoparticles and application of nanoparticles in drug delivery, food technology, sensing, dye degradation and catalysis. He has published many articles in these areas featuring in peer-reviewed journals. He is also serving as editorial board member and reviewer for international peer reviewed journals. He has received various awards like senior research fellowship, best poster award and postdoctoral fellowship etc. He is currently in the final stage of editing 2 books each for CRC, Taylor & Francis and Springer-Nature.









Praveen Guleria is presently working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Biotechnology at DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. She has worked in the areas of Plant Biotechnology, Plant Metabolic Engineering and Plant Stress Biology at CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P. India. Her research interests include plant stress biology, plant small RNA Biology, plant epigenomics and nanotoxicity. She has published several research articles in various peer-reviewed journals. She is also serving as the editorial board member and reviewer for certain international peer reviewed journals. She has been awarded the SERB- Start Up Grant by DST, GOI. She has also been awarded the prestigious "Bharat Gaurav Award" in 2016 by the India International Friendship Society, New Delhi. She has also received various awards like CSIR/ ICMR- Junior research Fellowship, CSIR- Senior research fellowship, State level merit scholarship awards. She is currently editing one book on Nanotoxicity for Springer-Nature.









Nandita Dasgupta has vast working experience on Micro/Nanoscience and currently serving in VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. She has been exposed to various research institutes and industries including CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India and Uttar Pradesh Drugs and Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lucknow, India. Her areas of interest include Micro/Nanomaterials fabrication and their applications in different fields majorly medicine, food, environment, agriculture, biomedical etc. She has published many books with Springer and has contracted few with Springer, Elsevier, and CRC Press. She has also published many scientific articles in international peer-reviewed journals and also serving as editorial board member and referee for reputed international peer-reviewed journals. She has received Elsevier Certificate for "Outstanding Contribution" in Reviewing from Elsevier, The Netherlands. She has also been nominated for Elsevier advisory panel for Elsevier, The Netherlands. She is the Associated Editor in Environmental Chemistry Letters a Springer journal of 3.59 Impact Factor. She has received several national and international awards and recognitions from different organizations.









Shivendu Ranjan is currently Director, Centre for Technological Innovations & Industrial Research (CTIIR), at SAIARD, Kolkata (an institute certified by Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Entreprises, Govt of India), He is also working as Guest/Visiting Faculty at National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-R (NIPER-R), Lucknow, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Govt of India. Earlier, he has worked as Scientist at DST-Centre for Policy Research, Lucknow, supported by Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt of India. He is also serving as a Senior Research Associate (Visiting) at Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa. He has major expertise in Micro/Nanotechnology and currently working in VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. His area of research is multidisciplinary which are as but not limited to: Micro/Nanobiotechnology, Nano-toxicology, Environmental Nanotechnology, Nanomedicine and Nanoemulsions. He has published many scientific articles in international peer-reviewed journals. He has recently published 5 edited books with Springer and has contracted 3 books in Elsevier, and 4 in CRC Press all these books cover vast areas of Applied Micro/Nanotechnology. He has vast editorial experience. Briefly, he is serving as Associate Editor in Environmental Chemistry Letters (Springer Journal with 3.59 Impact Factor); also serving as editorial panel in Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipment (Taylor and Francis, 1.05 Impact Factor). He is also Executive Editor and expert board panel in several other journals. He has been recently nominated as Elsevier Advisory Panel, Netherlands. He has bagged several awards and honors from different national and international organizations.
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