| Foreword |
|
xv | |
| Preface |
|
xvii | |
| Contributors |
|
xix | |
| Section 1 Basic anaesthesia practice |
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Anaesthesia and the preoperative visit |
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3 | (6) |
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The scope of anaesthesia practice |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (4) |
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8 | (1) |
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Induction of general anaesthesia |
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9 | (6) |
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9 | (1) |
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Elective intravenous induction |
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9 | (2) |
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Elective inhalational induction |
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11 | (2) |
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Induction of a patient with a difficult airway or known risk of aspiration |
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13 | (1) |
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Management of accidental extravenous injection of intravenous induction agent |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (2) |
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Maintenance of anaesthesia |
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15 | (12) |
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Basic requirements and objectives |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (4) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (3) |
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23 | (1) |
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Conservation of body heat |
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24 | (1) |
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The conclusion of maintenance anaesthesia |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (2) |
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Emergence, reversal and recovery from anaesthesia |
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27 | (6) |
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27 | (1) |
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The patient recovering from a regional block (with or without sedation or general anaesthesia) |
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28 | (1) |
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The patient recovering from general anaesthesia |
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29 | (1) |
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Clinical problems in the recovery period |
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29 | (3) |
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Criteria for discharge from recovery |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (20) |
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33 | (8) |
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Maintenance of tissue oxygenation |
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41 | (2) |
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Maintenance of fluid balance |
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43 | (1) |
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Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) |
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43 | (1) |
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Other complications in the first 24 hours |
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44 | (2) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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Administration of analgesics |
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48 | (2) |
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Administration of local anaesthetics |
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50 | (1) |
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Summary of the recommendations of the Royal College of Anaesthetists' Working Party on the use of NSAIDs in the perioperative period (1998) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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Airway management I: anatomy and equipment |
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53 | (20) |
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The anatomy of the airways |
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53 | (10) |
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Equipment for airway maintenance |
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63 | (8) |
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71 | (2) |
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Airway management II: assessment, control and problems |
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73 | (22) |
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Assessing and controlling the airway |
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73 | (11) |
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84 | (10) |
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94 | (1) |
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Delivery and disposal of gases and vapours |
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95 | (34) |
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Gas properties, storage and distribution |
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95 | (16) |
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111 | (6) |
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117 | (4) |
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121 | (2) |
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123 | (5) |
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128 | (1) |
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Breathing systems I: basic principles and systems without carbon dioxide absorption |
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129 | (10) |
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129 | (1) |
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Types of breathing system |
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129 | (9) |
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138 | (1) |
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Breathing systems II: low flow and carbon dioxide absorption |
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139 | (10) |
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139 | (1) |
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Absorption of carbon dioxide |
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139 | (2) |
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Principles of gas transfer in circle systems |
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141 | (6) |
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The practical use of circle systems |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (6) |
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The requirements of a ventilator |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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Inspiratory characteristics of ventilators |
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150 | (1) |
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Changing from in spiration to expiration |
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150 | (1) |
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Expiratory characteristics of ventilators |
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150 | (1) |
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Functional styles of ventilator |
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150 | (4) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (22) |
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The objectives of monitoring |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (2) |
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The contribution of individual monitors |
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159 | (13) |
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Sterilization, disinfection, and cross-infection |
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172 | (2) |
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174 | (1) |
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Patients in clinical trials |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (12) |
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Critical incident analysis |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (2) |
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Cardiac arrest and resuscitation |
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180 | (3) |
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183 | (1) |
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Management of a sudden pneumothorax |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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An anaesthetic event with an adverse outcome |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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Fluid balance and blood replacement |
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189 | (16) |
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Fluid distribution within body compartments |
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189 | (1) |
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Examples of presenting abnormalities of fluid balance |
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190 | (1) |
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Perioperative fluid management in routine patients |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (4) |
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197 | (1) |
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Products available for replacement therapy |
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198 | (6) |
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204 | (1) |
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An outline of regional anaesthesia |
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205 | (30) |
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Basic principles of regional anaesthesia |
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205 | (5) |
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Spinal and epidural anaesthesia |
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210 | (14) |
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Other selected regional blocks |
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224 | (8) |
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Intravenous regional anaesthesia |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (2) |
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Surgical requirements of anaesthesia |
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235 | (16) |
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235 | (3) |
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Urgent and emergency general surgery |
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238 | (2) |
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Ear, nose and throat surgery |
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240 | (3) |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (2) |
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Orthopaedic surgery and fractures |
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247 | (3) |
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250 | (1) |
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Principles of high dependency care and intensive care medicine |
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251 | (28) |
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251 | (1) |
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Scoring systems and prediction of outcome |
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251 | (2) |
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Sepsis and multiple organ failure |
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253 | (2) |
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Individual systems failure and supportive therapy |
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255 | (14) |
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Patient comfort and support |
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269 | (2) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (2) |
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The APACHE II severity of disease classification system |
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274 | (2) |
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Components and individual values of the lung injury score |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (3) |
| Section 2 Integrated basic sciences |
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Biochemistry, the cell, and genetics |
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279 | (42) |
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Basic concepts in biochemistry |
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279 | (24) |
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303 | (3) |
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Genetics and cell division |
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306 | (11) |
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Naming hydrocarbon molecules and functional groups |
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317 | (2) |
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319 | (2) |
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General physiological and pharmacological principles |
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321 | (44) |
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Body fluid compartments and transport between them |
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321 | (9) |
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Mechanisms of drug action |
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330 | (18) |
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348 | (16) |
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364 | (1) |
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Cardiovascular physiology and pharmacology |
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365 | (40) |
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Electrophysiology of the heart |
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365 | (7) |
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Cardiac muscle and its contraction |
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372 | (7) |
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Coronary blood flow and myocardial metabolism |
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379 | (4) |
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The peripheral vasculature and peripheral blood flow |
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383 | (4) |
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Blood pressure regulation and neurohumoral control of the circulation |
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387 | (5) |
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Inotropic mechanisms and inotropic drugs |
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392 | (3) |
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395 | (1) |
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Vasodilators acting on the central and sympathetic nervous systems |
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396 | (2) |
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors |
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398 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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Nitric oxide releasing drugs |
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399 | (1) |
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β-Adrenoceptor antagonists |
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400 | (2) |
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402 | (1) |
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402 | (1) |
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403 | (2) |
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Ventilation, gas exchange and gas transport |
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405 | (14) |
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The bellows function of the lungs |
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405 | (4) |
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409 | (1) |
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The interface between gas and blood |
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410 | (2) |
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Transport of respiratory gases |
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412 | (3) |
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Changes in position and the effects of anaesthesia |
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415 | (1) |
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416 | (1) |
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417 | (2) |
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Physiology and pharmacology of the central nervous system |
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419 | (24) |
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419 | (2) |
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421 | (1) |
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The blood supply to the brain and spinal cord |
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422 | (1) |
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423 | (4) |
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Cerebrospinal fluid and intracranial pressure |
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427 | (3) |
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Factors and drugs affecting cerebral haemodynamics |
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430 | (3) |
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Neurotransmitters in the CNS |
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433 | (2) |
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435 | (5) |
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440 | (1) |
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441 | (2) |
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Physiology and pharmacology of the peripheral somatic and autonomic nervous systems |
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443 | (26) |
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Structure and function of motor and sensory neurons |
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443 | (7) |
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Somatic sensory and motor systems |
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450 | (7) |
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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) |
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457 | (6) |
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The pharmacology of the ANS |
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463 | (4) |
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467 | (2) |
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Muscle and the neuromuscular junction |
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469 | (12) |
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The neuromuscular junction |
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469 | (2) |
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Muscle and the contractile process |
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471 | (4) |
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The control of muscle contraction |
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475 | (3) |
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478 | (1) |
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Disorders of skeletal muscle |
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479 | (1) |
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480 | (1) |
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481 | (18) |
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481 | (10) |
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491 | (6) |
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497 | (2) |
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499 | (14) |
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Terminology/glossary of abbreviations |
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499 | (2) |
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Sources of acids, bases, and buffers |
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501 | (1) |
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501 | (2) |
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Oxygen and carbon dioxide carriage |
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503 | (2) |
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Assessment of acid--base disorders |
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505 | (1) |
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506 | (3) |
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509 | (1) |
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509 | (1) |
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510 | (1) |
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510 | (1) |
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510 | (1) |
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511 | (2) |
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The gastrointestinal tract |
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513 | (12) |
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513 | (1) |
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514 | (1) |
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515 | (1) |
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516 | (2) |
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518 | (2) |
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520 | (1) |
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521 | (2) |
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523 | (2) |
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525 | (16) |
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525 | (1) |
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525 | (1) |
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Enzyme activity and regeneration |
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526 | (1) |
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Liver innervation and blood flow |
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527 | (2) |
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Intermediary metabolism in the liver |
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529 | (4) |
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Production and composition of bile |
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533 | (1) |
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Haem synthesis and breakdown, and bilirubin disposition |
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534 | (2) |
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Drug metabolism and excretion |
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536 | (3) |
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Clinical biochemistry of liver disease |
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539 | (1) |
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540 | (1) |
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541 | (22) |
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541 | (7) |
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Individual hormones and endocrine glands |
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548 | (12) |
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560 | (1) |
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The nomenclature of hormones |
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561 | (2) |
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Pregnancy and fetal physiology |
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563 | (10) |
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563 | (3) |
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566 | (3) |
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569 | (3) |
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572 | (1) |
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Blood and its constituents |
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573 | (10) |
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The functions and composition of blood |
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573 | (1) |
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574 | (3) |
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577 | (1) |
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578 | (2) |
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Cross-matching and blood products |
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580 | (2) |
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582 | (1) |
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Intravenous induction agents |
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583 | (14) |
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583 | (1) |
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Properties of an ideal intravenous induction agent |
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583 | (1) |
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Characteristics of the induction process |
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583 | (3) |
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586 | (3) |
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589 | (1) |
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Hindered phenols: propofol |
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590 | (1) |
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591 | (1) |
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592 | (1) |
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Hypersensitivity reactions |
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593 | (1) |
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Total intravenous anaesthesia |
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593 | (2) |
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595 | (2) |
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Inhalational anaesthetic agents |
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597 | (24) |
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The quest for the ideal inhalational agent |
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597 | (1) |
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Definitions and physicochemical properties |
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597 | (5) |
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Potency and minimum alveolar concentration |
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602 | (1) |
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603 | (6) |
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609 | (4) |
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Elimination and metabolism |
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613 | (1) |
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613 | (6) |
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619 | (2) |
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Opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and other analgesics |
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621 | (12) |
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621 | (6) |
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
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627 | (2) |
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629 | (1) |
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630 | (3) |
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Neuromuscular blocking and reversal agents |
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633 | (12) |
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History of neuromuscular blocking agents |
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633 | (1) |
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Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs |
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633 | (3) |
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Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs |
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636 | (4) |
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Antagonism of residual neuromuscular block |
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640 | (2) |
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Monitoring of neuromuscular block |
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642 | (2) |
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644 | (1) |
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645 | (10) |
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Physical and chemical properties |
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645 | (2) |
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647 | (4) |
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651 | (1) |
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Individual local anaesthetic agents |
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652 | (1) |
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653 | (2) |
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Principles of physics and clinical measurement I: units, measurement, gases, vapour, and flows |
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655 | (34) |
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Units of measurement and simple mechanics |
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655 | (4) |
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Mathematical relationships relevant to basic sciences |
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659 | (2) |
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661 | (4) |
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Principles of making measurements |
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665 | (6) |
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Physics of gases and vapours |
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671 | (6) |
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Dynamics of fluids: factors affecting flow |
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677 | (6) |
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Measurement of volume and flow |
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683 | (5) |
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688 | (1) |
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Principles of physics and clinical measurements II: heat, humidity, colligative properties, and electricity |
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689 | (26) |
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Heat transfer and temperature measurement |
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689 | (6) |
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695 | (2) |
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Colligative properties of solutions |
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697 | (3) |
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Basic concepts in electricity |
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700 | (13) |
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713 | (2) |
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Principles of physics and clinical measurements III: applied clinical measurement and safety |
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715 | (32) |
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715 | (3) |
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Principles of capnography and agent monitoring |
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718 | (6) |
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724 | (2) |
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726 | (3) |
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Measurement of pH and dissolved gases in blood |
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729 | (4) |
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Electrical safety, defibrillators, and pacemakers |
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733 | (7) |
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Monitoring neuromuscular blockade |
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740 | (2) |
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742 | (3) |
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745 | (2) |
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747 | (20) |
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747 | (1) |
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Descriptive statistics and the type of data |
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747 | (1) |
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The graphical presentation of data and frequency distributions |
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748 | (5) |
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753 | (9) |
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Interpretation of results and clinical relevance |
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762 | (1) |
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762 | (5) |
| Section 3 The presenting patient |
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The assessment of anaesthetic risk and the fit patient |
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767 | (6) |
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767 | (1) |
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768 | (4) |
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772 | (1) |
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773 | (12) |
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773 | (4) |
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777 | (1) |
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777 | (1) |
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778 | (1) |
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Preoperative assessment and preparation |
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779 | (1) |
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Intraoperative considerations |
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780 | (2) |
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Postoperative considerations |
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782 | (1) |
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Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis |
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783 | (1) |
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783 | (2) |
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785 | (10) |
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785 | (3) |
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788 | (1) |
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788 | (2) |
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790 | (2) |
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792 | (1) |
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793 | (2) |
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795 | (4) |
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Preoperative considerations |
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|
795 | (2) |
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797 | (1) |
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798 | (1) |
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798 | (1) |
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|
799 | (6) |
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Usual outcome of pregnancy |
|
|
799 | (1) |
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Intercurrent surgery in pregnancy |
|
|
799 | (1) |
|
Anaesthesia for delivery or near term |
|
|
800 | (3) |
|
The pregnant patient with pre-eclampsia |
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|
803 | (1) |
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804 | (1) |
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805 | (4) |
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|
|
805 | (1) |
|
|
|
805 | (1) |
|
|
|
805 | (1) |
|
Preoperative considerations |
|
|
806 | (1) |
|
Intraoperative considerations |
|
|
806 | (1) |
|
Postoperative considerations |
|
|
807 | (1) |
|
|
|
808 | (1) |
|
The patient with an abnormal ECG |
|
|
809 | (16) |
|
|
|
Indications for a preoperative ECG |
|
|
809 | (1) |
|
The generation of the ECG |
|
|
810 | (2) |
|
Changes in the cardiac axis |
|
|
812 | (1) |
|
Morphological changes of the component parts of the ECG |
|
|
812 | (1) |
|
Arrhythmias and conduction defects |
|
|
813 | (7) |
|
|
|
820 | (4) |
|
|
|
824 | (1) |
|
The patient with ischaemic heart disease |
|
|
825 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
The management of perioperative risk |
|
|
825 | (1) |
|
|
|
825 | (1) |
|
Left ventricular ischaemia |
|
|
826 | (2) |
|
Preoperative considerations |
|
|
828 | (1) |
|
|
|
829 | (1) |
|
Intraoperative considerations |
|
|
830 | (3) |
|
Postoperative considerations |
|
|
833 | (1) |
|
|
|
833 | (2) |
|
The patient with hypertension |
|
|
835 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
836 | (1) |
|
|
|
836 | (1) |
|
Intraoperative considerations |
|
|
837 | (1) |
|
|
|
837 | (1) |
|
|
|
837 | (2) |
|
The patient with valvular heart disease |
|
|
839 | (10) |
|
|
|
Prophylaxis against endocarditis |
|
|
839 | (1) |
|
Patients with prosthetic valves |
|
|
839 | (1) |
|
|
|
840 | (4) |
|
|
|
844 | (3) |
|
|
|
847 | (1) |
|
|
|
848 | (1) |
|
|
|
848 | (1) |
|
The patient with congenital heart disease |
|
|
849 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
849 | (2) |
|
|
|
851 | (1) |
|
|
|
852 | (1) |
|
|
|
852 | (1) |
|
|
|
853 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
853 | (2) |
|
|
|
855 | (1) |
|
|
|
856 | (1) |
|
|
|
857 | (1) |
|
|
|
858 | (1) |
|
|
|
858 | (2) |
|
|
|
860 | (1) |
|
|
|
861 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
861 | (1) |
|
|
|
861 | (1) |
|
Intraoperative considerations |
|
|
862 | (1) |
|
Postoperative considerations |
|
|
863 | (1) |
|
The treatment of severe asthma |
|
|
863 | (1) |
|
|
|
864 | (1) |
|
The patient with poor pulmonary function |
|
|
865 | (12) |
|
|
|
Chronic obstructive airway disease |
|
|
865 | (10) |
|
|
|
875 | (2) |
|
The patient with diabetes |
|
|
877 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
878 | (1) |
|
|
|
879 | (3) |
|
|
|
882 | (1) |
|
|
|
882 | (1) |
|
|
|
882 | (1) |
|
The patient with a thyroid, pituitary, or adrenal disorder |
|
|
883 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
883 | (3) |
|
|
|
886 | (2) |
|
|
|
888 | (2) |
|
|
|
890 | (3) |
|
The patient with arthritis |
|
|
893 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
893 | (1) |
|
|
|
894 | (1) |
|
|
|
895 | (1) |
|
|
|
896 | (1) |
|
|
|
896 | (1) |
|
The patient with jaundice |
|
|
897 | (10) |
|
|
|
Assessment of liver function |
|
|
897 | (2) |
|
Preoperative considerations in jaundice |
|
|
899 | (1) |
|
|
|
900 | (1) |
|
|
|
900 | (1) |
|
|
|
901 | (1) |
|
The patient with chronic liver disease |
|
|
901 | (4) |
|
|
|
905 | (2) |
|
The patient with imparied renal function |
|
|
907 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
|
907 | (6) |
|
|
|
913 | (5) |
|
|
|
918 | (1) |
|
The patient with an infection |
|
|
919 | (6) |
|
|
|
The patient with an incidental respiratory infection |
|
|
919 | (1) |
|
The patient with systemic sepsis |
|
|
920 | (1) |
|
The patient with an abscess |
|
|
921 | (1) |
|
The patient with a communicable disease |
|
|
921 | (2) |
|
|
|
923 | (2) |
|
The patient with an acute abdomen |
|
|
925 | (6) |
|
|
|
Black boxes and third spaces |
|
|
925 | (1) |
|
|
|
925 | (2) |
|
|
|
927 | (1) |
|
Intraoperative considerations |
|
|
928 | (1) |
|
Postoperative considerations |
|
|
929 | (1) |
|
|
|
929 | (2) |
|
The patient needing transport |
|
|
931 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
931 | (1) |
|
|
|
931 | (1) |
|
Assessment and stabilization |
|
|
931 | (1) |
|
|
|
932 | (1) |
|
Accompanying personnel and equipment |
|
|
933 | (4) |
|
|
|
937 | (1) |
|
Audit, education, and training |
|
|
937 | (1) |
|
|
|
937 | (2) |
|
The patient with neurological disease |
|
|
939 | (10) |
|
|
|
Disorders of the central nervous system |
|
|
939 | (5) |
|
Peripheral nervous system disorders |
|
|
944 | (1) |
|
Neuromuscular junction disorders |
|
|
945 | (2) |
|
|
|
947 | (1) |
|
|
|
947 | (1) |
|
|
|
948 | (1) |
|
|
|
949 | (8) |
|
|
|
ATLS: resuscitation, assessment, investigation, and diagnosis |
|
|
949 | (2) |
|
Anaesthesia for the injured patient: general considerations |
|
|
951 | (1) |
|
Anaesthesia for specific types of injury |
|
|
952 | (3) |
|
|
|
955 | (1) |
|
|
|
956 | (1) |
|
Consent, psychiatric disease, and drug abuse |
|
|
957 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
957 | (1) |
|
|
|
958 | (2) |
|
|
|
960 | (2) |
|
|
|
962 | (3) |
|
|
|
965 | (2) |
|
|
|
967 | (2) |
|
The patient with a transplanted organ |
|
|
969 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
969 | (1) |
|
Features of individual transplanted organs |
|
|
970 | (1) |
|
|
|
971 | (4) |
| Section 4 Special subjects: physiology and pharmacology |
|
|
Properties of the endothelium |
|
|
975 | (4) |
|
|
|
The role of the endothelium in anaesthesia |
|
|
975 | (1) |
|
|
|
975 | (1) |
|
Regulation of vascular tone |
|
|
975 | (1) |
|
Regulation of coagulation |
|
|
976 | (1) |
|
|
|
977 | (1) |
|
|
|
977 | (1) |
|
|
|
977 | (2) |
|
|
|
979 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
979 | (1) |
|
|
|
979 | (1) |
|
|
|
980 | (1) |
|
Immunoglobulin superfamily |
|
|
980 | (1) |
|
Implications of cell adhesion molecules in anaesthesia |
|
|
980 | (1) |
|
|
|
981 | (2) |
|
|
|
983 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
985 | (2) |
|
|
|
987 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
987 | (1) |
|
Telomeres and cellular ageing |
|
|
987 | (1) |
|
Mitochondria, the nucleolus, and cellular ageing |
|
|
988 | (1) |
|
Cellular ageing mechanisms and chronic disease |
|
|
988 | (1) |
|
|
|
989 | (1) |
|
|
|
989 | (2) |
|
Nitric oxide and anaesthesia |
|
|
991 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
993 | (2) |
|
Mechanisms of general anaesthesia |
|
|
995 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
997 | (2) |
|
Thermoregulation during anaesthesia |
|
|
999 | (4) |
|
|
|
Temperature regulation in unanaesthetized patients |
|
|
999 | (1) |
|
Temperature regulation in anaesthetized patients |
|
|
999 | (1) |
|
Heat balance in anaesthetized patients |
|
|
999 | (1) |
|
Prevention and treatment of hypothermia during anaesthesia |
|
|
1000 | (1) |
|
|
|
1000 | (1) |
|
|
|
1001 | (2) |
|
Performing an arterial cannulation |
|
|
1003 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1003 | (1) |
|
Components of pressure monitoring |
|
|
1004 | (1) |
|
|
|
1004 | (3) |
|
Accuracy of the pressure measurement |
|
|
1007 | (1) |
|
Uses of the intra-arterial cannula |
|
|
1007 | (1) |
|
|
|
1007 | (2) |
|
Establishing central venous access |
|
|
1009 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
Central venous pressure waveform |
|
|
1009 | (1) |
|
|
|
1009 | (2) |
|
|
|
1011 | (1) |
|
|
|
1011 | (1) |
|
|
|
1012 | (1) |
|
Pulmonary artery catheter introduction and interpretation |
|
|
1013 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
Description of the PA catheter |
|
|
1013 | (1) |
|
|
|
1014 | (1) |
|
|
|
1014 | (1) |
|
|
|
1015 | (2) |
|
|
|
1017 | (2) |
|
Methods of measuring cardiac output |
|
|
1019 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
1019 | (1) |
|
|
|
1019 | (1) |
|
|
|
1019 | (1) |
|
Continuous thermodilution |
|
|
1020 | (1) |
|
Doppler-derived cardiac output |
|
|
1021 | (1) |
|
Transoesophageal echocardiography |
|
|
1022 | (1) |
|
|
|
1022 | (1) |
|
Pulse contour analysis or pulse waveform |
|
|
1022 | (1) |
|
|
|
1022 | (1) |
|
|
|
1022 | (1) |
|
|
|
1023 | (2) |
|
Intraosseous access and infusion |
|
|
1025 | (4) |
|
|
|
Complications and contraindications |
|
|
1025 | (1) |
|
Site selection and technique |
|
|
1026 | (1) |
|
|
|
1027 | (1) |
|
|
|
1027 | (2) |
|
Diagnostic peritoneal lavage |
|
|
1029 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1029 | (1) |
|
|
|
1029 | (3) |
|
|
|
1032 | (1) |
|
Antibiotics for surgical prophylaxis and infection |
|
|
1033 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
Timing of initial dose, and subsequent dosing schedule |
|
|
1033 | (2) |
|
Location and nature of the surgery |
|
|
1035 | (1) |
|
Hospital-specific considerations |
|
|
1035 | (1) |
|
|
|
1035 | (1) |
|
|
|
1035 | (2) |
|
Enteral and parenteral nutrition |
|
|
1037 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Normal nutritional requirements |
|
|
1037 | (2) |
|
|
|
1039 | (1) |
|
|
|
1040 | (1) |
|
|
|
1041 | (2) |
|
|
|
1043 | (1) |
|
|
|
1043 | (1) |
|
|
|
1044 | (1) |
|
Carbon monoxide poisoning |
|
|
1045 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1045 | (1) |
|
|
|
1045 | (1) |
|
|
|
1046 | (1) |
|
|
|
1047 | (2) |
|
Techniques and considerations in the diagnosis of cerebral death |
|
|
1049 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1049 | (1) |
|
|
|
1050 | (1) |
|
|
|
1050 | (1) |
|
|
|
1051 | (2) |
|
|
|
1053 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
1054 | (1) |
|
|
|
1055 | (6) |
|
|
|
Non-pharmacological techniques |
|
|
1055 | (1) |
|
|
|
1055 | (1) |
|
|
|
1056 | (1) |
|
|
|
1056 | (4) |
|
|
|
1060 | (1) |
|
Safety precautions when using lasers |
|
|
1061 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1065 | (2) |
|
|
|
1067 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
1067 | (1) |
|
|
|
1068 | (1) |
|
|
|
1069 | (1) |
|
|
|
1069 | (1) |
|
Intraoperative management |
|
|
1069 | (1) |
|
|
|
1069 | (1) |
|
|
|
1070 | (1) |
|
|
|
1070 | (1) |
|
|
|
1070 | (1) |
|
|
|
1070 | (1) |
| Index |
|
1071 | |
