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Fundamentals of Medium/Heavy Duty Diesel Engines 2nd New edition [Kietas viršelis]

  • Formatas: Hardback, 1400 pages, weight: 3572 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 14-Oct-2021
  • Leidėjas: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1284150917
  • ISBN-13: 9781284150919
  • Formatas: Hardback, 1400 pages, weight: 3572 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 14-Oct-2021
  • Leidėjas: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1284150917
  • ISBN-13: 9781284150919
Thoroughly updated and expanded, Fundamentals of Medium/Heavy Diesel Engines, Second Edition offers comprehensive coverage of basic concepts and fundamentals, building up to advanced instruction on the latest technology coming to market for medium- and heavy-duty diesel engine systems.Now organized by outcome-based objectives to improve instructional clarity and adaptability in a more readable format, all content seamlessly aligns with the latest ASE Medium-Heavy Truck Program requirements for IMMR through MTST.This industry-leading Second Edition offers:Complete and unparalleled coverage for the ASE T2 examComplete coverage for T2 ASE exam includes starting and charging systemsUnique coverage and emphasis on electronic control systems for the L2 Diesel Specialist ASE ExamDedicated chapters for the latest technology and unique OEM equipment Examples of In-Depth Coverage for Today’s Technicians:Electronic service toolsVariable Geometry and Series TurbochargingOn-board networks, multiplexing, and HD-OBD: fundamentals and OEM specificExhaust Aftertreatment Systems: Particulate filters, Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR), and OEM systemsExhaust Gas recirculation (EGR): Basic Components; Coolers, Dual Coolers; Inspecting a Cooler; Mixers; Valves; Control System; Mass Airflow, Oxygen Sensor, and Speed Density measurement of EGR flow; Maintenance; On-Board Diagnostics; and System Performance ChecksEngine sensors: Analyzing Switch and Sensor Signals; +VREF and Zero Volt return (ZVR); Pull-Up and Pull-Down Switches; Resistive-Type Sensors; Three-Wire Hall-Effect Sensor; Throttle Sensors; Pressure Sensors; Mass Airflow Sensors; Position Sensors; Exhaust Gas Sensors; Diesel Exhaust Fluid Sensors; Fault Detection Principles for Sensors; Three-Wire Sensor Circuit Monitoring; and Pinpoint Testing of Sensors TestingHigh-Pressure Common Rail Fuel Systems: Pressure-Control Components; Two-Controller Rail Pressure Regulation; On-Board Diagnostics Monitoring; Measuring Injector Back Leakage; Measuring Total Fuel Leakage; Fuel Balance Control; Bosch (Gen 1 – 4); Delphi; Denso, Servo hydraulic, Direct Acting, Piezo, G3S and G4S-III; Siemens / Continental AG; Injection Rate Shaping; Injection Rate and Fault Healing; Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Rate Shape Selection; Nominal Voltage Calibration; Accelerometer Pilot Control; Closed-Loop Injector Control; Fuel Leakage Rates; Pressure Wave Correction Factor; Zero Fuel Mass CalibrationDYNAMIC TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONSThis text full aligns to CDX Online Access for Medium/Heavy Duty Truck Online training program. With an easy-to-use interface and seamless integration with this resource, the online learning system reinforces and extends the learning topics from two-dimensional paper to interactive e-learning.Online resources include:Thousands of images and digital media assets such as animations and videosUpdated tasksheets aligned to the latest ASE Education Foundation standardsMobile-ready course materialsAudiobook and eBook versions of this text
Acknowledgments xv
Section I Diesel Engine Fundamentals
Chapter 1 Introduction to Diesel Engines and Electric Drive Systems
4(27)
Diesels: Critical Economic Infrastructure
5(1)
Electric Vehicle Powertrains
6(5)
Development of the Diesel Engine
11(3)
Advantages of Diesel Engines
14(6)
Diesel Emissions Today
20(5)
Vehicle Identification Numbers
25(1)
Ready for Review
26(1)
Key Terms
27(1)
Review Questions
27(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
28(3)
Chapter 2 Engine Terminology and Operating Principles
31(32)
Introduction
32(1)
What Is an Engine?
32(1)
Classification of Engines
33(2)
Reciprocating Piston Engine Components
35(5)
Opposed Piston Engine (Achates Power)
40(1)
Reciprocating Piston Engine Terminology
41(3)
Classification of Engines by Operating Cycle
44(4)
Two-Stroke Diesel Engines
48(3)
Terminology for Measuring Engine Power
51(2)
Calculating Torque and Horsepower
53(4)
Measuring Engine Efficiency
57(1)
Engine Systems
58(1)
Ready for Review
59(1)
Key Terms
59(1)
Review Questions
60(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
61(2)
Chapter 3 Diesel Engine Combustion Systems
63(34)
Introduction
64(1)
Combustion Fundamentals
64(1)
Spark Ignition Systems
64(2)
Compression Ignition Systems
66(2)
Effects of Compression Ratio
68(5)
Disadvantages of High Compression Ratios
73(1)
Elements of Combustion in Diesel Engines
74(3)
Classification of Combustion Chambers
77(1)
Indirect Injection Combustion
77(3)
Direct Injection Combustion Chamber Features
80(3)
Direct Injection Pressure Volume Cycle
83(3)
Start of Injection: Injection Timing
86(2)
Operational Characteristics of Direct Injection Combustion
88(2)
Intake Heaters and Glow Plug Control Systems
90(2)
Rate-Shaped Injection
92(1)
Ready for Review
93(1)
Key Terms
94(1)
Review Questions
95(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
96(1)
Chapter 4 Diesel Engine and Electric Vehicle Emissions
97(35)
Emissions Legislation and Commercial Vehicle Technology
98(1)
Classification of Noxious Emissions
98(2)
Sources of Engine Emissions
100(2)
Gaseous Emissions Formation
102(10)
Emissions Standards
112(6)
Off-Highway Emissions Standards
118(1)
Greenhouse Gas Standards
119(3)
Battery-Electric Vehicle Emissions Credits
122(1)
Non-Noxious Engine Emissions
123(1)
Emissions Monitoring Systems
124(2)
Opacity Testing
126(1)
Ready for Review
127(1)
Key Terms
127(1)
Review Questions
128(1)
ASETechnician A/Technician B Style Questions
129(3)
Section II Engine Blocks and Cylinder Heads
Chapter 5 Precision Tools and Measuring Instruments
132(21)
Introduction
133(1)
Types of Precision Measurement
133(1)
Linear Measurement
134(11)
Thickness-Feeler Gauges
145(2)
Measuring Concentricity
147(1)
Precision Machine Fits
148(1)
Ready for Review
149(1)
Key Terms
150(1)
Review Questions
150(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
151(2)
Chapter 6 Shop Safety and Workplace Practices
153(26)
Introduction
154(1)
Types of Hazards Associated with Engine Service
154(2)
Lockout/Tagout Procedures
156(4)
High-Voltage Hazards and Safety
160(2)
Exhaust Emissions Hazards
162(1)
Engines as Ignition Sources
163(1)
Rotating Hazards
164(1)
Legal Requirements for Workplace Safety
165(3)
Personal Protective Equipment
168(1)
Fire Prevention
169(2)
Clean Care Service Practices
171(3)
Ready for Review
174(2)
Key Terms
176(1)
Review Questions
176(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
176(3)
Chapter 7 Cylinder Components
179(36)
What Are Cylinder Components?
180(1)
Pistons
180(5)
Piston Construction
185(3)
Piston Cooling
188(1)
Piston Rings
189(2)
Compression Rings
191(3)
Piston Pins
194(2)
Connecting Rods
196(4)
Service and Maintenance of Cylinder Components
200(2)
Cylinder Component Service
202(4)
Ring-to-Cylinder Wall Seal Testing
206(2)
Inspecting for Cylinder Wear
208(2)
Connecting Rod Inspection and Service
210(1)
Ready for Review
211(1)
Key Terms
212(1)
Review Questions
213(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
214(1)
Chapter 8 Cylinder Blocks, Crankshafts, and Engine Bearings
215(50)
The Evolving Cylinder Block
216(1)
Fundamentals of Cylinder Blocks
217(2)
Cylinder Block Materials
219(6)
Crankcase Construction
225(3)
Cylinder Block Configurations
228(7)
Cylinder Wall Finish
235(1)
Principles of Engine Balance
236(2)
Fundamentals of Crankshafts
238(3)
Crankshaft Lubrication
241(1)
Vibration Dampers
242(3)
Flywheels
245(3)
Engine Bearings
248(6)
Cylinder Block Service
254(3)
Maintenance of Cylinder Walls and Bearings
257(3)
Ready for Review
260(1)
Key Terms
261(1)
Review Questions
262(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
262(3)
Chapter 9 Cylinder Heads and Valve Train Mechanisms
265(34)
What Is a Cylinder Head and Valve Train?
266(1)
Classification of Cylinder Heads and Valve Trains
267(7)
Overhead Cam Advantages
274(1)
Valve Timing in a Diesel Engine
274(1)
Valve Train Components
275(8)
Camshafts
283(2)
Geartrains
285(3)
Maintenance of Cylinder Heads and Valve Trains
288(3)
Cylinder Head Gaskets
291(3)
Performing a Valve Adjustment
294(2)
Ready for Review
296(1)
Key Terms
296(1)
Review Questions
297(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
298(1)
Chapter 10 Diesel Engine Lubrication Systems
299(42)
Evolving Lubrication System Technology
300(1)
Purpose and Function of the Lubrication System
300(4)
Lubricating Oil Properties and Oil Classification
304(7)
Oil Additives
311(2)
Synthetic Oils
313(2)
Components of Lubrication Systems
315(10)
Filtration Systems
325(1)
Maintenance of Lubrication Systems
326(4)
Scheduled Oil Sampling
330(1)
Oil Life Algorithm Systems
331(1)
Excessively Low and High Oil Pressure
332(1)
High Oil Consumption
332(5)
Ready for Review
337(1)
Key Terms
337(1)
Review Questions
338(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
338(3)
Chapter 11 Diesel Engine Cooling Systems
341(47)
Vehicle Uptime and the Cooling System
342(1)
Purposes and Functions of the Cooling System
342(12)
Cooling System Circulation Patterns
354(1)
Classifications of Coolant
354(4)
Antifreeze Formulations
358(4)
Components of Cooling Systems
362(8)
Fans and Fan Drives
370(3)
Maintenance of Cooling Systems
373(8)
Heavy-Duty On-Board Diagnostics and Cooling Systems
381(2)
Ready for Review
383(1)
Key Terms
383(1)
Review Questions
384(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
385(3)
Section III Diesel Fuel Systems
Chapter 12 Diesel Fuel Properties and Characteristics
388(29)
Diesel Fuel Economics
389(1)
Development of Diesel Fuel Standards
390(1)
Types of Diesel Fuel and Production Methods
391(6)
Performance Requirements for Diesel Fuel
397(5)
ASTM Diesel Fuel Grades
402(2)
Biodiesel Fundamentals
404(4)
Diesel Fuel Additives
408(2)
Biodiesel Contamination of Engine Oil
410(1)
Diesel Fuel Maintenance
411(2)
Ready for Review
413(1)
Key Terms
413(1)
Review Questions
414(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
414(3)
Chapter 13 Alternative Fuel Properties and Characteristics
417(20)
Introduction
418(1)
Selection Criteria for Alternative Fuels
419(2)
Alternative Fuels for Diesel Engines
421(1)
Wood Pyrolysis Liquid Fuel-Liquid Smoke
422(1)
Hydrogen
423(2)
Dimethyl Ether
425(1)
Ammonia
426(1)
Combustion of Gaseous Fuels
427(3)
Properties and Characteristics of Natural Gas
430(3)
Natural Gas Safety Hazards
433(1)
Ready for Review
433(1)
Key Terms
434(1)
Review Questions
435(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
436(1)
Chapter 14 Low-Pressure Fuel Systems
437(36)
Functions of Low-Pressure Fuel Transfer Systems
438(1)
Fundamentals of Low-Pressure Fuel Systems
439(1)
Components of Low-Pressure Fuel Systems
440(6)
Fuel Filtering
446(2)
Contamination Sources
448(5)
Filter Media
453(3)
Fuel-Water Heaters and Separators
456(1)
Fuel Transfer Pumps
457(5)
Fuel Coolers
462(1)
Maintenance of Low-Pressure Fuel Systems
462(7)
Ready for Review
469(1)
Key Terms
470(1)
Review Questions
470(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
471(2)
Chapter 15 Types and Functions of High-Pressure Fuel Systems
473(46)
What Is a High-Pressure Injection System?
474(1)
Purpose of High-Pressure Injection Systems
475(2)
Functions of High-Pressure Fuel Systems
477(5)
Metering Control Systems
482(7)
Advanced Metering Functions
489(8)
Injection Timing
497(1)
Variables Affecting Timing
497(5)
Injection Timing and Emissions
502(1)
Fuel Injection Rate Control
503(4)
Fuel Pressurization
507(2)
Fuel Atomization
509(1)
Distribution of Fuel
509(1)
Injection Lag
510(3)
Fuel System Service-General
513(1)
Ready for Review
514(1)
Key Terms
515(1)
Review Questions
516(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
516(3)
Chapter 16 Hydraulic Nozzles
519(36)
Introduction
520(1)
Basic Operation of Hydraulic Nozzles
520(2)
Nozzle Functions
522(3)
Classification of Nozzles
525(2)
Basic Nozzle Construction
527(5)
Matching Nozzles to Combustion Chambers
532(2)
Advanced Nozzle Operation
534(5)
ISO and SAE Nozzle Holder Classification
539(2)
Injection Lag and Nozzle Lift Sensors
541(1)
Nozzle Failures
542(1)
Maintenance of Hydraulic Nozzles
543(2)
Nozzle Service
545(5)
Ready for Review
550(1)
Key Terms
551(1)
Review Questions
552(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
552(3)
Chapter 17 Governor Principles and Operation
555(39)
What Is a Governor?
556(1)
Functions of Diesel Governors
556(5)
Governor Terminology
561(9)
Types of Governors
570(5)
Hydraulic Governors
575(1)
Electronic Governors
576(3)
Automotive and Variable-Speed Governors
579(5)
Maintenance of Governors
584(1)
Adjusting Electronically Controlled Governors
585(3)
Ready for Review
588(1)
Key Terms
589(1)
Review Questions
590(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
590(4)
Section IV High-Pressure Injection Systems
Chapter 18 Multiple Plunger Injection Pumps
594(29)
What Are Multiple Plunger Injection Pumps?
595(1)
Disadvantages of Multiple Plunger Injection Pumps
596(3)
Construction of Multiple Plunger Injection Pumps
599(3)
Fuel Metering
602(1)
Varying Injection Quantity
603(4)
Helix Shapes and Injection Timing
607(2)
Injection Pump Camshafts
609(1)
Injection Pump Delivery Valves
610(1)
High-Pressure Injection Lines
611(2)
Injection Pump Timing
613(4)
Injection Pump Calibration and Adjustments
617(1)
Ready for Review
618(1)
Key Terms
619(1)
Review Questions
619(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
620(3)
Chapter 19 Mechanical Distributor Injection Pumps
623(26)
Mechanical Distributor Pump Applications
624(1)
Mechanical Distributor Injection Pumps
624(2)
Opposed Plunger Pressurization Principles
626(2)
Sleeve Metering Principles
628(1)
Opposed Plunger-Inlet Metering System
628(6)
Speed and Light-Load Advance Mechanisms
634(3)
Diagnostics Testing
637(2)
Bosch Mechanical Distributor Pumps
639(1)
VE Pump Construction and Operation
640(5)
Air-Fuel Ratio Control
645(1)
Ready for Review
646(1)
Key Terms
647(1)
Review Questions
647(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
648(1)
Chapter 20 Electronic Distributor Injection Pumps
649(28)
Development and Applications of Electronic Distributor-Type Injection Pumps
650(1)
Types of Electronic Distributor Injection Pumps
651(1)
DS-4 Electronic Injection Pumps
652(7)
VP-37 Axial Piston Injection Pump
659(1)
VP-37 Components and Operation
660(2)
Bosch VP-30 Operation
662(1)
VP-44 Radial Piston Electronic Distributor Pump
663(5)
Cummins Accumulator Pressure System
668(3)
Maintenance of Electronic Distributor Injection Pumps
671(1)
Ready for Review
671(2)
Key Terms
673(1)
Review Questions
674(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
674(3)
Chapter 21 Electronic Unit Injectors and Unit Pumps
677(30)
What Is an Electronic Unit Injector?
678(1)
Fundamentals of Electronic Unit Injectors
678(2)
Construction of Electronic Unit Injectors
680(1)
Electronic Unit Injector Operating Principles
680(11)
Injector Calibration Codes
691(1)
Rate-Shaping Technology
691(3)
Delphi E3 Diesel Electronic Unit Injector
694(3)
Electronic Unit Pumps
697(1)
Maintenance of Electronic Unit Injectors and Unit Pumps
697(5)
Injector Cups and O-Rings
702(1)
Ready for Review
703(2)
Key Terms
705(1)
Review Questions
705(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
706(1)
Chapter 22 Hydraulic Electronic Unit Injector Systems
707(36)
Evolution of Injection Systems to Hydraulic Electronic Unit Injection
708(1)
Hydraulic Electronic Unit Injector Operating Principles
708(4)
Applications of Hydraulic Electronic Unit Injector Injection Systems
712(1)
Components of Hydraulic Electronic Unit Injector Injection Systems
712(5)
Hydraulic Electronic Unit Injector A- and B-Type Stages of and Methods for Injection
717(4)
Second-Generation Hydraulic Electronic Unit Injector Systems
721(5)
Caterpillar HIB-300 Injectors
726(2)
High-Pressure Actuation Systems
728(3)
Hydraulic Electronic Unit Injector Electronic Control Systems
731(3)
Maintenance of Hydraulic Electronic Unit Injector Systems
734(3)
Ready for Review
737(2)
Key Terms
739(1)
Review Questions
739(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
740(3)
Chapter 23 Introduction to High-Pressure Common Rail Fuel Systems
743(67)
Origins of Common Rail
744(1)
Fundamentals of Common Rail Fuel Systems
744(1)
Features and Advantages of Common Rail
745(11)
Construction Features of a High-Pressure Common Rail
756(2)
Types of High-Pressure Common Rail Injectors
758(5)
Bosch Common Rail Injectors
763(3)
CRS3 Piezo Injectors
766(8)
Siemens Common Rail Injectors
774(4)
Delphi High-Pressure Common Rail System
778(5)
Denso Injectors
783(4)
Pressure Control Components of Common Rail Fuel Systems
787(10)
On-Board Diagnostics Monitoring of Common Rail Fuel Systems
797(8)
Ready for Review
805(1)
Key Terms
805(1)
Review Questions
806(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
807(3)
Section V Air Induction and Exhaust Systems
Chapter 24 Air Induction and Crankcase Ventilation Systems
810(35)
Air Induction Systems and Emissions
811(1)
Engine Air Supply Requirements
811(5)
Diesel Air Intake System Design and Construction
816(2)
Air Filters
818(2)
Electrically Operated Intake Throttle Plates
820(4)
Air Intake Starting Aids
824(2)
Intake Air System Sensors
826(3)
Intake Performance Accessories
829(1)
Crankcase Ventilation Systems
829(7)
Maintenance of Air Induction and Crankcase Ventilation Systems
836(5)
Ready for Review
841(1)
Key Terms
842(1)
Review Questions
843(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
844(1)
Chapter 25 Fundamentals of Charge Air Cooling
845(16)
What Is Charge Air Cooling?
846(1)
Operating Principles of Charge Air Cooling
847(3)
Benefits of Charge Air Cooling Summary
850(1)
Types of Charge Air Cooling
850(1)
Air-to-Air Aftercooler
851(3)
Charge Air Cooler Maintenance
854(4)
Ready for Review
858(1)
Key Terms
859(1)
Review Questions
859(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
859(2)
Chapter 26 Fundamentals of Exhaust Systems and Engine Retarders
861(34)
Exhaust-System Focused Technology
862(1)
Fundamentals of Engine Exhaust Systems
862(2)
Types and Construction of Engine Exhaust Systems
864(5)
Pyrometers and Exhaust Gas Temperature
869(2)
Exhaust Back-Pressure Governors and Regulators
871(3)
Engine-Based Braking Systems
874(1)
Exhaust Brakes
874(4)
Compression Release Brakes
878(10)
Maintaining Engine Brakes
888(2)
Ready for Review
890(1)
Key Terms
891(1)
Review Questions
892(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
892(3)
Chapter 27 Fixed Geometry and Wastegate Turbochargers
895(34)
Turbochargers: Replacement for Engine Displacement
896(1)
Superchargers Versus Turbochargers
897(1)
Detonation and Turbocharging
898(1)
Functions of Turbochargers
899(3)
Components of Turbochargers
902(6)
Turbocharger Operation
908(3)
Classification of Turbochargers
911(1)
Wastegated Turbochargers
911(4)
Pulse and Constant Pressure Turbochargers
915(1)
Variable Geometry Turbochargers
916(1)
Parallel Turbocharging
916(1)
Series Turbocharging
917(1)
Other Turbocharger Configurations
917(1)
Turbocharger Diagnostics and Service
918(3)
Turbocharger Failures
921(2)
Ready for Review
923(2)
Key Terms
925(1)
Review Questions
925(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
926(3)
Chapter 28 Variable Geometry and Series Turbochargers
929(34)
Turbocharging Concepts
930(4)
Variable Geometry Turbocharger Purpose
934(1)
Variable Geometry Turbocharger Advantages
934(2)
Turbocharger Area/Radius Ratio Numbers and Variable Geometry Turbochargers
936(2)
Variable Geometry Turbocharger Components
938(4)
Variable Geometry Turbocharger Actuator Mechanisms
942(4)
Variable Geometry Turbocharger Sensors
946(2)
Fundamentals of Series Turbocharging
948(3)
Five-Stroke Miller Cycle Engines
951(2)
Single-Sequential (Parallel) Turbocharging
953(1)
Variable Geometry Turbocharger Maintenance
954(5)
Ready for Review
959(1)
Key Terms
960(1)
Review Questions
960(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
961(2)
Chapter 29 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Systems
963(34)
Exhaust Gas Recirculation: Controlling Emissions
964(1)
Fundamentals of Exhaust Gas Recirculation System Operation
965(2)
Exhaust Gas Recirculation System Principles
967(5)
Classifications of Exhaust Gas Recircualtion Systems
972(6)
Components of Exhaust Gas Recirculation
978(10)
Exhaust Gas Recirculation Control System
988(3)
Maintenance of Exhaust Gas Recirculation Systems
991(2)
Ready for Review
993(2)
Key Terms
995(1)
Review Questions
995(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
996(1)
Chapter 30 Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems-Diesel Particulate Filters
997(40)
Technological Challenges for Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems
998(2)
Prioritizing Emissions Reductions in Aftertreatment Systems
1000(1)
Operating Principles of Diesel Particulate Filters
1001(3)
Types of Exhaust System Substrates and Catalysts
1004(5)
Construction and Operation of Diesel Oxidation Catalysts
1009(3)
Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration
1012(5)
Electrically Assisted Diesel Particulate Filters
1017(5)
Aftertreatment Control Systems
1022(6)
Cleaning and Replacing Diesel Particulate Filters
1028(4)
Ready for Review
1032(1)
Key Terms
1033(1)
Review Questions
1034(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
1034(3)
Chapter 31 Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems-Selective Catalytic Reduction
1037(49)
What Are Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems?
1038(2)
Types and Advantages of Selective Catalytic Reduction System Technology
1040(4)
Principles of Selective Catalytic Reduction Aftertreatment Systems Using Hydrogen
1044(8)
Principles and Construction of Selective Catalytic Reduction Aftertreatment Systems Using Liquid Urea
1052(10)
Construction and Operation of Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalysts
1062(7)
Arrangement of Aftertreatment System Catalysts
1069(1)
Diesel Exhaust Fluid Delivery and Control System
1070(5)
Diesel Exhaust Fluid Delivery System Operation States
1075(1)
SCR-U System Diagnostics and Service
1076(4)
Ready for Review
1080(1)
Key Terms
1081(1)
Review Questions
1082(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
1082(4)
Section VI Engine Control Systems
Chapter 32 Semiconductors and Electronic Control Devices
1086(27)
Electronic Components in Commercial Vehicles
1087(1)
Differences Between Electrical and Electronic Devices
1087(1)
Semiconductors
1088(1)
Bipolar Semiconductors
1088(1)
Diodes
1089(7)
Bipolar Junction Transistors
1096(2)
Field Effect Semiconductors: Unipolar Semiconductors
1098
Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors
103(1002)
Integrated Circuits: Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
1105(1)
Capacitors
1106(3)
Ready for Review
1109(1)
Key Terms
1110(1)
Review Questions
1111(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
1112(1)
Chapter 33 Engine Sensors
1113(56)
Role and Importance of Sensors
1114(4)
Applications of Sensor Technology
1118(1)
Switches as Sensors
1118(2)
Analyzing Switch and Sensor Signals
1120(2)
Types of Input Circuit Switches
1122(2)
Sensors and Voltage-Dividing Circuits
1124(3)
Resistive-Type Sensors
1127(7)
Pressure Sensors
1134(2)
Mass Airflow Sensors
1136(2)
Voltage-Generating Sensors
1138(4)
Exhaust Gas Sensors
1142(6)
NOx Sensor Functions
1148(4)
Diesel Exhaust Fluid Sensors
1152(1)
Fault Detection Principles for Sensors
1152(9)
Pinpoint Testing of Sensors
1161(3)
Ready for Review
1164(1)
Key Terms
1165(1)
Review Questions
1166(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
1167(2)
Chapter 34 Principles of Electronic Signal Processing
1169(28)
Introduction
1170(1)
Benefits of Electronic Signal Processing
1170(4)
Elements of Electronic Signal Processing Systems
1174(2)
Classification of Electrical Signals
1176(4)
Serial Data
1180(2)
Pulse Width Modulation Signals
1182(3)
Ladder Logic
1185(1)
Digital Logic Gates
1186(2)
Radio Signals
1188(1)
Electromagnetic Interference
1189(2)
Using Graphing Meters and Oscilloscopes
1191(2)
Ready for Review
1193(1)
Key Terms
1194(1)
Review Questions
1195(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
1195(2)
Chapter 35 Principles of Electronic Control Systems
1197(52)
Introduction
1198(2)
Electronic Control Systems
1200(8)
Domains of Electronic Control
1208(2)
Principles of Electronic Control Loops
1210(8)
Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Control Systems
1218(4)
Principles of Model Predictive Control
1222(10)
Construction and Operation of Microcontrollers
1232(2)
Microcontroller Functions
1234(2)
Microcontroller Versus Microprocessor: Architecture and Operations
1236(4)
Field Replacement and Programming of Engine Control Units
1240(3)
Ready for Review
1243(2)
Key Terms
1245(1)
Review Questions
1246(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
1247(2)
Chapter 36 Onboard Networks and Electronic Service Tools
1249(42)
What Are Onboard Vehicle Networks?
1250(1)
Onboard Network Technology Concepts
1251(4)
Development of Onboard Networks
1255(5)
Network Electrical System Control Advantages
1260(2)
Commercial Vehicle J1587/J1708 and J1939 Networks
1262(12)
Construction of Network Messages
1274(7)
Unified Diagnostic Services
1281(1)
Common Data Bus Problems
1282(1)
Wireless Network Communication
1283(2)
Electronic Service Tools
1285(2)
Ready for Review
1287(1)
Key Terms
1287(1)
Review Questions
1288(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
1289(2)
Chapter 37 On-Board Diagnostic Systems
1291(49)
What Is On-Board Diagnostics?
1292(4)
Diagnostic Terminology
1296(3)
Development of Diesel Emissions On-Board Diagnostic Systems
1299(8)
Operation of the On-Board Diagnostic System and Emissions Monitors
1307(6)
Requirements for Major Emissions System Monitors
1313(5)
Major Emissions Monitor Diagnostic Strategies
1318(5)
Self-Diagnostic System Capabilities and Approaches
1323(2)
Heavy-Duty On-Board Diagnostic Emissions Diagnostic Trouble Codes
1325(5)
On-Board Diagnostic Generation II Fault Codes
1330(2)
Unified Diagnostic Services
1332(1)
Ready for Review
1333(1)
Key Terms
1334(1)
Review Questions
1335(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
1336(4)
Section VII Heavy-Duty Original Equipment Manufacturer Information and Engine Systems
Chapter 38 Navistar
1340(33)
Navistar Corporation
1341(3)
Navistar Engines
1344(2)
Air Management Systems: Mid-Bore Engines
1346(5)
Series Two-Stage Turbocharged Engines
1351(7)
Navistar Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems
1358(2)
Navistar Fuel Injection Systems
1360(4)
Overview of the Diamond Logic Electrical System
1364(3)
OnCommand Telematics
1367(1)
Ready for Review
1368(1)
Key Terms
1369(1)
Review Questions
1370(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
1370(3)
Chapter 39 Detroit Diesel Engines
1373(71)
Development of the Detroit Diesel Engine Brand
1374(2)
Two-Stroke Cycle Diesels
1376(3)
Detroit Diesel Series 60 and Series 50
1379(7)
Detroit Diesel Electronic Control System
1386(8)
Model Predictive Control and Detroit Diesel Electronic Control
1394(2)
Detroit Diesel's Heavy-Duty Engine Platform DD Series Engines
1396(2)
Heavy-Duty Engine Platform DD Series Features
1398(12)
Detroit Diesel Fuel Systems
1410(14)
Overview of the Amplified Pressure Common Rail System
1424(10)
Air Pathway for Engines in Detroit Diesel's Heavy-Duty Engine Platforms
1434(4)
Ready for Review
1438(1)
Key Terms
1439(1)
Review Questions
1440(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
1440(4)
Chapter 40 Caterpillar Ion The History of Caterpillar
1444(27)
Engine Construction Features
1447(3)
Fuel Systems
1450(7)
Advanced Combustion Emissions Reduction Technology
1457(5)
Exhaust Aftertreatment
1462(3)
Caterpillar Electronics
1465(1)
Maintenance of Caterpillar Engines: Exchanging Injectors
1466(2)
Ready for Review
1468(1)
Key Terms
1469(1)
Review Questions
1469(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
1470(1)
Chapter 41 Volvo-Mack
1471(34)
The Volvo Group of Truck Manufacturers
1472(3)
Volvo-Mack Engines
1475(4)
Volvo-Mack Fuel Systems
1479(7)
Volvo-Mack Electronics System
1486(4)
Exhaust Pressure Governor and Engine Brake
1490(4)
Exhaust Gas Recirculation Systems
1494(3)
Exhaust Aftertreatment System
1497(3)
Ready for Review
1500(1)
Key Terms
1501(1)
Review Questions
1502(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
1502(3)
Chapter 42 PACCAR
1505(43)
PACCAR Company History
1506(2)
PACCAR Engines and Features
1508(5)
Exhaust Gas Recirculation System
1513(3)
Engine Braking Systems: MX-13 Compression Release Brakes
1516(2)
EcoFit UL2 Aftertreatment System
1518(5)
Low-Pressure Fuel Systems
1523(4)
High-Pressure MX Fuel Injection Systems
1527(9)
PACCAR Networks and Diagnostic Systems
1536(3)
Service Diagnostic Software
1539(3)
Ready for Review
1542(1)
Key Terms
1543(1)
Review Questions
1544(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
1544(4)
Section VIII Cummins Engines
Chapter 43 Cummins Unit Injection Systems
1548(27)
Development of Cummins Unit Injection Systems
1549(1)
Cummins Pressure Time Injection System Principles
1550(2)
Pressure Time System Operation and Components
1552(5)
CELECT and CELECT Plus Injection Systems
1557(6)
Cummins Integrated System Engine Controls
1563(1)
High-Pressure Injection, Time-Pressure Injection System-Description
1563(6)
High-Pressure Injection, Time-Pressure Injection Operation
1569(2)
Ready for Review
1571(1)
Key Terms
1572(1)
Review Questions
1573(1)
ASETechnician A/Technician B Style Questions
1574(1)
Chapter 44 Cummins XPI Common Rail Fuel Systems
1575(26)
Cummins: A Global Engine Manufacturer
1576(2)
System Overview
1578(5)
Low-Pressure Fuel Circuit
1583(3)
High-Pressure Fuel Circuit
1586(6)
Xtra-High Pressure Injection Fuel Operation
1592(4)
Clean Fuel Practices
1596(1)
Ready for Review
1597(1)
Key Terms
1598(1)
Review Questions
1598(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
1598(3)
Chapter 45 Cummins Midrange Diesel Engines
1601(46)
What Is a Midrange Diesel?
1602(2)
Origins of the B-, C-, and L-Series Engines
1604(2)
Important Terminology
1606(2)
B-, C-, and L-Series Engine Construction
1608(4)
Engine Block Construction
1612(11)
Intake Air System
1623(9)
Exhaust Gas Recirculation Systems
1632(5)
Fuel Systems
1637(1)
Cummins Single Module Aftertreatment Systems
1637(5)
Ready for Review
1642(2)
Key Terms
1644(1)
Review Questions
1644(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
1645(2)
Chapter 46 Cummins Heavy-Duty Engines
1647(40)
Cummins and the Heavy-Duty Engine Market
1648(4)
ISX and X-Series Development
1652(6)
ISX and X-Series Cylinder Components
1658(4)
Cylinder Heads and Valve Trains
1662(5)
Engine Brakes
1667(4)
Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Air Induction System
1671(4)
Cummins Single Module Aftertreatment Systems
1675(4)
Electronic Engine Control Strategies
1679(2)
Ready for Review
1681(2)
Key Terms
1683(1)
Review Questions
1683(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
1684(3)
Chapter 47 Natural Gas Combustion Systems and Gas Engines
1687(25)
Natural Gas Engine Technology
1688(1)
Natural Gas Combustion Systems in Heavy-Duty Engines
1689(7)
Gas Metering Systems
1696(5)
On-Vehicle Fueling and Storage Systems
1701(5)
Ready for Review
1706(1)
Key Terms
1707(1)
Review Questions
1708(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
1709(3)
Section IX Diesel Engine Starting Systems
Chapter 48 Lead-Acid Batteries-Construction
1712(23)
Purpose and Function of Batteries
1713(1)
Major Categories of Lead-Acid Batteries
1714(3)
Battery Classifications
1717(1)
Battery Construction and Operation
1718(4)
Battery Ratings
1722(3)
Battery Charging and Discharging Cycle
1725(2)
Low- and No-Maintenance Batteries
1727(1)
Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid
1728(2)
Low-Voltage Disconnect
1730(1)
Ready for Review
1731(1)
Key Terms
1732(1)
Review Questions
1732(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
1733(2)
Chapter 49 Lead-Acid Batteries-Service and Testing
1735(22)
When to Check Batteries
1736(1)
Battery Service Precautions
1737(1)
Causes of Battery Failure
1737(3)
Battery Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance
1740(7)
Charging Batteries
1747(3)
Measuring Parasitic Draw
1750(3)
Ready for Review
1753(1)
Key Terms
1754(1)
Review Questions
1754(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
1755(2)
Chapter 50 Starter Motors and Starting System Circuits
1757(34)
Impact of No-Start Conditions
1758(1)
Fundamentals of Starting Systems and Circuits
1758(3)
Direct Current Motor Principles
1761(1)
Series Motors
1762(4)
Components of Starters
1766(6)
Starter Control Circuits
1772(4)
Starting System Testing
1776(10)
Repairing a Starter Motor
1786(2)
Ready for Review
1788(1)
Key Terms
1789(1)
Review Questions
1789(1)
ASE Technician A/Technician B Style Questions
1790(1)
Appendix A 1791(3)
Appendix B 1794(26)
Glossary 1820(26)
Index 1846
Gus Wright is a member of the faculty in the Truck and Coach program at Centennial College in Ontario, Canada. A diesel enthusiast, he currently teaches apprentice technicians the latest technology in trucks, buses, and off-road equipment. He has worked for more than 35 years in the industry, earning multiple trade qualifications and creating technician curriculum for both corporate and college level education. He is also the author of Fundamentals of Medium/Heavy Duty Diesel Engines (Jones and Bartlett Learning, 2017) and co-author of Fundamentals of Medium/Heavy Duty Commercial Vehicle Systems (Jones and Bartlett Learning, 2017). 'A university graduate, he actively engages in applied research related to engine emissions, alternate fuels, and HD electrical technology.'