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Fungal Plant Pathogens [Minkštas viršelis]

Contributions by , Contributions by (Fera, , , Sand Hutton, York, O41 1LZ, UNITED KINGDOM), Contributions by , Contributions by , Edited by (Animal & Plant Health Agency (APHA), UK), Contributions by (Fera, , , Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UNITED KINGDOM), Edited by (The Food and Environment Research Agency (Fera), UK), Contributions by , Edited by (Animal & Plant Health A)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 324 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 246x189x19 mm, weight: 880 g
  • Serija: Principles and Protocols Series
  • Išleidimo metai: 06-Mar-2012
  • Leidėjas: CABI Publishing
  • ISBN-10: 184593668X
  • ISBN-13: 9781845936686
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Fungal Plant PathogensDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 324 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 246x189x19 mm, weight: 880 g
  • Serija: Principles and Protocols Series
  • Išleidimo metai: 06-Mar-2012
  • Leidėjas: CABI Publishing
  • ISBN-10: 184593668X
  • ISBN-13: 9781845936686
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9781845936686.html
Raktažodžiai:
Fungal plant pathogens can threaten food security, economic prosperity and the natural environment. Changing factors such as pesticide usage, climate change and increasing trade globalization can bring new opportunities to plant pathogens, and new challenges to those attempting to control their spread.

Covering the key techniques used when working with fungal plant pathogens, this practical manual deals with the recognition of disease symptoms, detection and identification of fungi and methods to characterize them, as well as curation, quarantine and quality assurance. It is unique in its practical focus, providing an overview of both traditional and emerging methods and their applications, and detailed protocols on techniques such as microscopy, antibody detection using ELISA methods and lateral flow devices, molecular methods using PCR and fingerprinting and preservation techniques including freeze drying. For postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students of mycology and plant pathology Fungal Plant Pathogens provides an invaluable guide to investigating fungal plant diseases and interpreting laboratory findings. It is also a useful tool for extension plant pathologists, consultants and advisers in agriculture, horticulture and the food supply chain.

Fungal plant pathogens can threaten food security, economic prosperity and the natural environment. Changing factors such as pesticide usage, climate change and increasing trade globalization can bring new opportunities to plant pathogens, and new challenges to those attempting to control their spread.

Covering the key techniques used when working with fungal plant pathogens, this practical manual deals with the recognition of disease symptoms, detection and identification of fungi and methods to characterize them, as well as curation, quarantine and quality assurance. It is unique in its practical focus, providing an overview of both traditional and emerging methods and their applications, and detailed protocols on techniques such as microscopy, antibody detection using ELISA methods and lateral flow devices, molecular methods using PCR and fingerprinting and preservation techniques including freeze drying. For postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students of mycology and plant pathology Fungal Plant Pathogens provides an invaluable guide to investigating fungal plant diseases and interpreting laboratory findings. It is also a useful tool for extension plant pathologists, consultants and advisers in agriculture, horticulture and the food supply chain

Contributors ix
Foreword xi
Acknowledgements xv
Chapter 1 Introduction to Fungal Plant Pathogens 1(8)
Charles Lane
Paul Kirk
1.1 Introduction
1(2)
1.2 Taxonomy - Categorizing Diversity
3(2)
1.3 Nomenclature - Assigning Names
5(1)
1.4 Pleomorphism - Accounting for Variable States
5(1)
1.5 Ecological Groups
6(1)
References
7(2)
Chapter 2 Examination of Plant Material 9(17)
Charles Lane
2.1 Introduction
9(1)
2.2 Symptom Recognition
10(1)
2.3 Sampling
11(3)
2.4 Recording Symptoms, Testing Procedures and Results
14(1)
2.5 Recording Severity/Disease Assessment Scales
15(1)
2.6 Visual Examination
15(2)
2.7 Image Capture and Analysis
17(8)
References
25(1)
Chapter 3 Detection of Fungal Plant Pathogens from Plants, Soil, Water and Air 26(27)
Paul Beales
3.1 Introduction
26(1)
3.2 Incubation to Encourage Sporulation
27(2)
3.3 Isolation from Plant Tissue on to Culture Medium
29(2)
3.4 Baiting for Fungal Pathogens
31(1)
3.5 Isolation of Soil Fungi
32(1)
3.6 Spore Trapping
32(1)
3.7 Size-selective Sieving for Fungal Propagules
32(1)
3.8 Establishing Pathogenicity (Koch's Postulates)
33(19)
References
52(1)
Chapter 4 Detection of Fungal Plant Pathogens in Seeds 53(21)
Kelvin Hughes
4.1 Introduction
53(1)
4.2 Sampling
54(1)
4.3 Visual Examination
54(2)
4.4 Agar Plating
56(1)
4.5 'Blotter' Testing
57(1)
4.6 Wash Testing
58(1)
4.7 Web-based Resources
58(14)
References
72(2)
Chapter 5 Identification of Fungi Based on Morphological Characteristics 74(67)
Paul Beales
5.1 Introduction
74(1)
5.2 Preparation of Plant Material for Microscopical Examination
75(1)
5.3 Morphological Examination of Cultures
75(1)
5.4 Identification of Some Common Groups of Fungal Plant Pathogens Using Morphological Features
76(4)
5.5 Use of Identification Keys
80(56)
References
136(5)
Chapter 6 Cultural Characterization 141(18)
Charles Lane
6.1 Introduction
141(1)
6.2 Effect of Physical Factors on Fungal Physiology
141(3)
6.3 Effect of Chemical Factors on Fungal Physiology
144(14)
References
158(1)
Chapter 7 Serological Techniques for Diagnosis 159(19)
Christopher Thornton
7.1 Introduction
159(1)
7.2 Antibodies
160(1)
7.3 Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
160(1)
7.4 Immunofluorescence (IF)
161(1)
7.5 Lateral-Flow Device (LFD) Technology
162(15)
References
177(1)
Chapter 8 Nucleic Acid-based Techniques for Diagnosis 178(22)
Jenny Tomlinson
8.1 Introduction
178(1)
8.2 DNA Extraction
179(2)
8.3 Conventional PCR
181(3)
8.4 Real-Time PCR
184(4)
8.5 Non-PCR Amplification
188(9)
References
197(3)
Chapter 9 Fingerprinting Techniques 200(23)
David Cooke
9.1 Introduction
200(2)
9.2 AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism)
202(2)
9.3 SSRs (Simple Sequence Repeats)
204(2)
9.4 SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) Analysis
206(1)
9.5 Barcoding
207(14)
References
221(2)
Chapter 10 Maintenance and Storage of Fungal Plant Pathogens 223(28)
Matthew Ryan
Barbara J. Ritchie
David Smith
10.1 Introduction
223(1)
10.2 Isolation and Growth of Fungi
224(2)
10.3 Preservation Regimes
226(2)
10.4 Selection of Preservation Regime
228(1)
10.5 Assessment of the Success of Preservation
229(1)
10.6 Storage of DNA
230(1)
10.7 Legislation, Safe Handling and Distribution
230(20)
References
250(1)
Chapter 11 Quarantine Procedures for Working with Fungal Plant Pathogens 251(20)
Belinda Phillipson
11.1 Introduction
251(1)
11.2 Requirements for Handling Quarantine Plant Pathogens
252(5)
11.3 Containment Measures and Quarantine Procedures
257(1)
11.4 Safe Exchange of Non-indigenous Fungal Plant Pathogens
258(1)
11.5 Safe Disposal of Non-indigenous Fungal Plant Pathogens
258(12)
References
270(1)
Chapter 12 Quality Assurance and Quality Systems 271(20)
David Galsworthy
12.1 Introduction–the Role of Quality Systems in Modern-day Society
271(1)
12.2 The Quality Standards Landscape
271(1)
12.3 Accreditation and Certification
272(1)
12.4 Quality Systems for Plant Health Research and Diagnostic Laboratories
273(1)
12.5 Core Elements of the Quality System
273(2)
12.6 Specific Requirements of ISO/IEC 17025:2005 for Laboratories
275(4)
12.7 Staff-perceived Problems and Benefits of Accreditation
279(10)
References
289(2)
Appendices 291(8)
Appendix 1 Commonly Used Growth Media
291(4)
Appendix 2 Commonly Used Mounting Agents, Stains and Cements for Sealing Slides
295(2)
Appendix 3 Commonly Used Sterilizing Agents
297(2)
Index 299
Charles Lane is a senior plant pathologist at FSL. Ltd based in York with over 25 years experience in the diagnosis of fungal plant pathogens. Following a Ph.D. investigating a mycoparasite of the cultivated mushroom he joined the plant pathology laboratory in Harpenden before moving to Yorkshire in 1996. Since then he has predominantly worked on the identification of quarantine fungi such as Colletotrichum, Monilinia, Alternaria, Phytophthora and Hymenoscyphus. He helped found the U.K.'s largest commercial Plant Clinic providing diagnostic services to growers and consultants both in the UK and overseas. Currently, is developing and delivering plant health and biosecurity advice, guidance and training to a wide-range of stakeholders and citizen scientists. Paul Beales is a senior plant pathologist who works for the UK's plant health and seeds inspectorate. Completing his PhD at the University of Hertfordshire on Rhododendron powdery mildew, he took up the role of plant disease diagnostician at the Food and Environment Research agency (Fera science ltd.) before moving to the animal and plant health agency where he heads up its plant technical extension team. He is a specialist in both indigenous and non-indigenous plant pathogens, and has been involved with identifying, discovering, researching and publishing new pathogens from around the world. In his current role, he works closely with Defra, consulting on new plant pest and disease threats and raising awareness of plant health to the trade and public through publications, engagement and training activities. Having completed his MSc. in Crop Protection with the University of Bath and Rothamsted Research, Kelvin Hughes obtained a PhD in Molecular methods for the detection of fungal plant pathogens with the University of Bristol. He has developed international standards for molecular diagnosis of the EC plant pathogens Tilletia indica, Monilinia fructicola and Colletotrichum acutatum as well as real-time field assays used by the UK Plant Health inspection service for Phytophthora kernoviae and P. ramorum. He also established Fera's ISTA accredited seed health laboratory and has represented the UK on quality assurance panels for the European Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) and the International Standards Organisation (ISO). Having gained experience with numerous National Plant Protection Organisation including New Zealand MAF and the Kenyan Plant Health Inspection Service (KEPHIS), Dr. Hughes is currently Fera's Principal Plant Health and Seeds Inspector with national responsibility for the export of plants, plant products and seeds. Matthew J Ryan is Research Lead for Biological Resources at CABI and formerly curator of CABI's culture collection of 30000 living microbes. He is currently project manager for the UK Crop Microbiome Cryobank and works on a range of projects related to both the microbiome and the development of novel biobanking solutions. He has published widely in the fields of cryopreservation, microbiology and culture collections and currently has several external roles on national and international advisory groups, including the United States Culture Collection Network steering committee and the board of the International Alliance for Phytobiomes Research.