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El. knyga: Galileo and the Equations of Motion

  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 17-Aug-2015
  • Leidėjas: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319201344
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Galileo and the Equations of MotionDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 17-Aug-2015
  • Leidėjas: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319201344
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This book is intended as a historical and critical study on the origin of the equations of motion as established in Newton"s Principia. The central question that it aims to answer is whether it is indeed correct to ascribe to Galileo the inertia principle and the law of falling bodies. In order to accomplish this task, the study begins by considering theories on the motion of bodies from classical antiquity, and especially those of Aristotle. The theories developed during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance are then reviewed, with careful analysis of the contributions of, for example, the Merton and Parisian Schools and Galileo"s immediate predecessors, Tartaglia and Benedetti. Finally, Galileo"s work is examined in detail, starting from the early writings. Excerpts from individual works are presented, to allow the texts to speak for themselves, and then commented upon. The book provides historical evidence both for Galileo"s dependence on his forerunners and for the major breakth

roughs that he achieved. It will satisfy the curiosity of all who wish to know when and why certain laws have been credited to Galileo.

Part I The Theories on the Motion of Bodies in the Classical Antiquity.- Kinematics among the Greeks.- Dynamics in the Opinion of Aristotle and his Continuators.- The Theories of Motion in the Middle Ages and in the Renaissance.- The first substantial Criticisms to Aristotelian Mechanics - Philoponus and Avempace.- The medieval Kinematics.- Part II A brief Chronology of Galileo"s Life.- The young Galileo and the De Motu.- The Inertia Principle.-The Law of Fall and the Motion of Projectiles.- The Principle of Relativity.

Recenzijos

The purpose of this book is to explain how Galileo gradually transformed from a believer in the Archimedian approach to eventually arrive at the new insights of these laws of motion. Boccaletti carefully analyses the available texts to understand this transformation. This is a study mainly addressing the professional historian. (Adhemar Bultheel, EMS European Mathematical Society, eruo-math-soc.eu, November, 2015)

Introduction xi
A Preamble xi
Notice to the Reader xiv
Part I The Problem of Motion Before Galileo
1 The Theories on the Motion of Bodies in the Classical Antiquity
3(22)
1.1 Kinematics Among the Greeks
4(6)
1.2 Dynamics in the Opinion of Aristotle and His Continuators, in Greece and in Rome
10(8)
1.3 After Aristotle in Greece and in Rome
18(7)
Bibliography
22(3)
2 The Theories of Motion in the Middle Ages and in the Renaissance
25(38)
2.1 Preliminary Remarks
25(4)
2.2 The First Substantial Criticisms to Aristotelian Mechanics---Philoponus and Avempace
29(1)
2.3 The Medieval Kinematics
30(8)
2.3.1 Gerard of Brussels and the Liber de Motu
31(1)
2.3.2 The Kinematics at Merton College
32(4)
2.3.3 The Kinematics of the Parisian School
36(2)
2.4 The Medieval Dynamics
38(4)
2.4.1 Bradwardine's Dynamics
38(1)
2.4.2 Dynamics at the Parisian School and the Impetus---Theory
39(3)
2.5 The Diffusion in Italy of the Ideas of Mertonians and of the Parisian Masters
42(2)
2.6 The Theory of Motion in the XVI Century
44(14)
2.6.1 Niccolo Tartaglia (1500--1557)---His Life and His Works
45(5)
2.6.2 The Mechanics of Giovan Battista Benedetti
50(8)
2.7 Galileo and the Engineers of the Renaissance
58(5)
Bibliography
60(3)
Part II Galileo and the Motion
3 The Young Galileo and the de Motu
63(30)
3.1 On the Editions of the Dialogue and the Treatise
63(2)
3.2 The Vicissitudes of the Manuscripts
65(2)
3.3 The Dialogue
67(7)
3.4 The Treatise
74(12)
3.4.1 The Natural Motions
76(7)
3.4.2 The Circular Motion
83(1)
3.4.3 The Motion of the Projectiles
84(2)
3.5 Conclusions
86(3)
3.6 Additional Considerations
89(4)
Bibliography
91(2)
4 The Inertia Principle
93(24)
4.1 The Lex I of Newton
94(1)
4.2 The Inertia in the De Motu
95(3)
4.3 Inertia in Le Mechaniche and in Dimostrazioni Intorno Alle Macchie Solari E Loro Accidenti
98(4)
4.4 The Inertia Principle in the Dialogue and in the Discourses
102(7)
4.5 The Inertia Principle in the "Sixth Day"
109(8)
5 The Motion of Heavy Bodies and the Trajectory of Projectiles
117(46)
5.1 An Anticipation
117(5)
5.2 The Motion of Falling Bodies in the "Third Day" of the Discourses
122(4)
5.2.1 Appendix---An "Unpleasant Incident"
124(2)
5.3 Velocity and Space in the Uniformly Accelerated Motion
126(11)
5.3.1 Appendix--From the Correspondence of Paolo Sarpi and Galileo
137(1)
5.4 The Historical Experiment and the Postulate
137(11)
5.5 The Motion of Projectiles and the Parabolic Trajectory
148(6)
5.6 A Gloss on the Pendulum
154(9)
Bibliography
162(1)
6 Galileo and the Principle of Relativity
163(6)
6.1 The Relative Motion Before Galileo
164(1)
6.2 How Galileo Expresses the Principle of Relativity
165(4)
Final Considerations 169(4)
Name Index 173
Dino Boccaletti was Professor of Celestial Mechanics at the University of Rome La Sapienza from 1987 until his retirement, and was previously Professor in the Institution of Mathematics at the university. In addition to his teaching and supervisory responsibilities, Prof. Boccaletti conducted research in the fields of Physics of Elementary Particles, Theoretical Astrophysics, Theory of Gravitational Waves, Stellar Dynamics, Celestial Mechanics, and Mathematical Physics. He has published a number of papers in leading journals, including Nature, Physical Review D, and Astronomy & Astrophysics, and has acted as reviewer for various scientific journals. He is co-author, with G. Pucacco, of the two-volume Springer book Theory of Orbits, which is used for advanced courses in Celestial Mechanics and Stellar Dynamics at universities across the world.
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