The book aims to be a handy compendium to the very voluminous texts of gastroenterology and hepatology existing in the knowledge market and provides the reader with an easy understanding of the bench knowledge (basic sciences) as they apply to bedside practice (clinical gastroenterology). With introduction and contributions from Prof Eamon Quigley, Former president of World Gastroenterology Organization and American College of Gastroenterology, the book covers the recent advances in the basic sciences that form an important pillar of the knowledge, thereby linking basic sciences such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, molecular medicine, etc. to clinical conditions, diseases and new therapeutic approaches in gastroenterology and hepatology. The book is written in a simple easy to read format, with a lot of diagrams and flowcharts, making it a handy guide. It also discusses in-depth about very common clinical conditions encountered in hospital settings such as ulcerative colitis, pseudomembranous colitis, colonic cancer, amebiasis, and various other syndromes and diseases. This book is a useful read for fellows and trainees in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, as well as gastroenterologists, hepatologists and physicians interested in digestive disorders.
Section
1. Esophagus
A. Anatomy /Histology/Embryology1. Lower Esophageal Sphincter
2. Barrets esophagus3. Webs, rings, diverticulae in esophagus4. Cross
sectional anatomy of esophagus: Tumor staging5. Esophagus in portal
hypertension 6. Tracheosophageal fistula B. Physiology
7. Acid clearance mechanism and defects in GERD 8.
TLESR 9. Neurophysiological basis of esophageal peristalsis
[ normal manometry values C. Genetics
10. Genetic
polymorphisms in GERD 11.Biomarkers in Barrets esophagus
D. Pathology
12. Pathogenesis of achalasia cardia
13. Eosinophilic esophagitis: histopathology difference from
reflux esophagitis E. Pharmacology
14. Drugs
acting on the LES
Section 2. Stomach
A. Anatomy and physiology1. Cross sectional anatomy of stomach2.
Innervationof stomach- Types of vagotomy3. Post GJ/gastrectomy anatomy4.
Parietal cell and the proton pump5. Chief cell6. Enterochromaffin cells in
stomach7. Fundic gland: histology8. Pyloric glands: histology9. Gastric
pacemaker10. Blood supply Arterial, venous supply of stomach and GE
junction11. Lymphatic drainage of stomach12. Gastric volvulus13. Intestinal
metaplasia and atrophic gastritis14. Gastric bed/ Lesser sac/Foramen of
WinslowB. Physiology 15. Gastric mucosal defense and its
breakdown in peptic ulcer 16. Gastric proton pump
17. Neurohormonal control of gastric acid secretion
18. Gastric motility- Difference in fundus and body motility
19. Leptin 20. Motilin 21.
Physiological basis of breath tests for H.PyloriC. Genetics
22. H.Pylori virulence factors-cag, vac genes 23.Host
genetic polymorphisms and outcome of H.Pylori infection
24. Host genetic polymorphisms and response to PPI 25.
c-kit mutation and response to therapy in GIST D.Pathology
26. Molecular pathogenesis of gastric cancer [ Coreas hypothesis]
27.Pathogenesis of H.pylori associated gastric lymphoma
28. NSAID associated gastric mucosal injury
29. Autoimmune gastritis
30. Granolomatosis gastritis
E. Microbiology
31. H.Pylori- structure, stains
for H.pylori F. Pharmacology
32. PPI/ H2
blockers
33. Dopamine antagonists
34.
Serotonin antagonists
Section
3. Small intestine
A. Anatomy/ Histology/Embryology1. Development of small intestine and
malrotation2. Meckels diverticulum3. Neural plexuses: Meissners/Aeurbachs
plexus4. Villous anatomy5. Microvilli6. Intraepithelial lymphocyte7.
Brunners gland 8. M cells9. Paneth cells10. Zona occludens11. Toll like
receptors12. Intestinal stem cells B.Physiology
13. MMC 14.Intestinal Pacemaker
15.Intestinal Permeability 16.Small Bowel Permeability
(SIP) 17. Mucosal Defence 18.
Immunoglobulin A 19. Defensins 20.
Enterokinase 21. Cholecystokinin 22.
Secretin23.Incretins24. Peptide YY- ileal brake25. Brain gut axis
C.Biochemistry
26. Carbohydrate digestion
27. Protein digestion
28. Lipid digestion
29. Vitamin B 12 absorption 30.Iron
absorption and metabolism 31. Copper absorption
32. Vitamin D metabolism 33.Bile acid
transport: Enterohepatic pathway 34. Cholestrol
metabolism 35.D-Xylose test
36. Vande Krammer test
37. Breath tests for
malabsorption-physiological basis
38. Breath tests for SIBO-physiological
basis 39. Intestinal adaptation D. Pathogenesis
40. Protein losing enteropathy
41.Eosinophilic gastroenteritis 42.Celiac sprue 43.
Tropical sprue 44. Intestinal tuberculosis
45. SIBO 46.Short gut syndrome
47. Radiation enteritis
48.Indeterminate colitis 49. Pathogenesis of IBD
E. Microbiology50. Normal gut microbiota51. Lifecycle of
parasites52. Bacterial toxins causing diarrhea53. Opportunistic pathogens in
HIV patients54.ASCA and ANCA: Role in IBD F.
Pharmacology55.Probiotics56. ORS-New Vs old; super ORS57.Zinc and its role in
small intestinal diseases58. Green banana diet59. Vaccines for intestinal
infection60. Enteral nutrition-types and indications61. Immunonutrition62.
10.5-ASA preparation and small intestinal release63. TPMT assay and
azathioprine metabolism64. Biologicals in I BD65. Methotrexate and folic
acid G. Genetics 66. CARD/ NOD
genes 67. Genetics in IBD/IBD genes -Indian
scenario 68. Lactase genes
Section
4. Large intestine
A. Anatomy/ Histology/Embryology1. Anal sphincters 2.
Dentate line 3. Rectal folds (Valves of Houston) 4. SRUS-Histopathology 5.
Adenomatous polyps- Types and significance 6. Juvenile and hamartomatous
polyps B. Physiology7. RAIR 8. Fluid handling by
intestine 9. Colonic motility10. Defecation-mechanism11. Intestinal fistulas
C. Biochemistry12. Short chain fatty acids13. Fecal occult
blood test- Types, limitations D. Pathogenesis14.
Ulcerative colitis15. Pseudomembranous colitis16. Molecular pathogenesis of
colonic cancer17. Amebiasis18. Microscopic colitis 19. Newer concepts in
pathogenesis of IBS20. Montreal classification of IBD21. Pathogenesis of
pseudo-obstruction
Section 5 . Liver
A. Anatomy/Histology/ Embryology1. Hepatocyte2.
Cholangiocyte3. Ito cell4. Stellate cell5. Hepatic stem cell6. Kupffer
cells7. Hepatitis B- structure and replication8. Hepatitis C structure and
replication9. Hepatitis E- structure10. Hepatic sinusoid11. Venous drainage
of liver- importance in Budd Chiari syndrome12. Ligaments of liver, surface
anatomy of liver13. Segments of liver 14 .HBV mutants15. IL-28B polymorphism
and HCV B.Physiology
16. Bilirubin metabolism and congenital disorders
17. Bile salt metabolism-enterohepatic shunts, congenital
disorders 18. Liver as an immunological
organ 19. Ammonia handling in liver,
kidney, brain, muscles 20. Ethanol
metabolism 21. Aminoacids- Branched chain
: relevance in liver disease 22. Urea
cycle and congenital defects 23.
Eneterohepatic Circulation C. Pathology
24. Necroinflammatory and fibrosis scores
25. Pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease
26. NAFLD-Pathogenesis
27. Wilsons disease 28.
Hemochromatosis 29. Glycogen storage
disorders 30. HCC-molecular pathway
31. Hepatic fibrosis- pro and antifibrotic
mechanisms 32. Hepatic encephalopathy-
pathogenesis 33. HRS- pathophysiology
34. Ascites in liver disease pathogenic
mechanism 35. NCPF: pathogenesis
36. EHPVO: pathogenic mechanisms
37. Pathogenesis of portal hypertension in cirrhosis
role of structural and functional reasons for portal hypertension
38. Pathogenesis of hepato-pulmonary
syndrome 39. Pathogenesis of ALF
40. Endocrine complications in cirrhosis
D. Microbiology
41. Genotyping methods
42. ELISA 43. HBV
life cycle
44. HCV replicon
45. Malarial, enteric, dengue hepatopathy
46. Mechanisms of HBV and HCV related HCC
47.HCV and steatosis
E. Pharmacology
48.
Interferons 49 Ribavirin
50. Eltrombopag
51.
Sorafenib
52. Nucleoside
analogues/nucleotide in HBV therapy
53.
L-Ornithine L- Aspartate
54. Lactulose and
other ammonia lowering agents
55.
Somatostatin analogues
56. Role of viral
kinetics in HCV treatment
57. Role of
HBsAg titre in HBV treatment
58. Side
effects of oral antiviral therapy and its pathogenesis
Section
6. Bile duct, Gall bladder and Pancreas
A. Anatomy/ histology/ embryology1. Pancreas development-
Pancreas divisum, Annular pancreas, Ducts of Morgagani, Santorini2.
Choledochal cyst- Todani classification, types3. Lesser sac
anatomy-pancreatic pseudocyst4. Sphincter of Oddi 5. Pancreatic stellate
cells6. Pancreatic stem cells 7. Pancreas- endocrine functions- Pancreatic
neuroendocrine tumors B. Physiology
8. Bile production- bile acid dependent and -independent
mechanisms 9. Gallbladder bile Vs
duodenal bile- changes incompositon 10.
Neurohormonal control of pancreatic secretion
11. Neurohormonal control of biliary secretion
12. Normal pressures in pancreatic and bile ducts
13. Pancreatic enzymes- functions and feedback regulation
C. Pathology 14.
Microlithiasis 15. Gallstone formation-
supersaturation, nucleation, gallbladder dysmotility
16. Gallstone- types and composition
17. Pathophysiology of alcoholic chronic pancreatitis
18. Pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis
19. Pancreatic malignancy-molecular mechanism
20. Cystic neoplasms of pancreas-Difference from pseudocyst
21. Autoimmune pancreatitis
22. Gallbladder carcinoma- etiopathogenesis
23. PSC 24. PBC
25. Pain in chronic pancreatitis- pathophysiology
D. Pharmacology 26.Octreotide
27. Pancreatic enzyme supplements
28. Ursodeoxycholic acid
29. Statins
E. Genetics 31. Genes in
chronic pancreatitis with relevant Indian data
32. Genetic polymorphisms in gallstone disease
Section 7. Miscellaneous
1. SiRNA 2. Genetics of
celiac disease 3. Cannabanoid receptors
4. Cadherins 5 . Carcinoids in GI / Carcinoid
syndrome 6. CMV disease in GI and Liver
7. Role of Integrins: development of biologics like natalizumab
8. Wnt: GI Stem cells B-catemin 9. Hedgehog:
role in pancreas
10. EGFR/ receptor tyrosine kinases/ K
Ras
11. IFN signalling: antiviral immunity
12. Overview of innate immunity
13. T cell subsets:
Th1, Th2, Th17
14. B cells / Eosinophils
15. TGF B pathway
16. G Coupled protein receptors
17. Small GTPases : Rho/ Rac/ CDC 42 18.
Angiogenesis
19. GWAS
20.Transcription factors
21. Oncogenes
22.Tumor suppressor genes
23.Telomerase 24. Liver nuclear
receptors
25. Role of Vit D in GI diseases
26. Apoptosis
27.
Gene therapy in Gastroenterology
28. Stem
cells in Gastroenterology
Dr.Gourdas Choudhuri, MD (Medicine), DM(Gastroenterology), FACG, FAMS, FICP, FRCP, Chairman and Head, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepato-biliary Sciences, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
Dr. A. C. Anand MD (Medicine), DM (Gastroenterology), FICP, FSGEI, FRCP(London), FRCP (Edinburg), FACP, FACG, FAMS, Professor and Head, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, India
Dr Piramanayagam P, MD (Medicine), DM Gastroenterolgy), Consultant, Department of Gastroenterology, Apollo Hospitals 21, Greams Lane, Off Greams Road Chennai, India
