Preface |
|
xi | |
Contributors |
|
xiii | |
VOLUME 1 THE FUNDAMENTALS |
|
1 | (412) |
|
Definition and Classification of Gels |
|
|
3 | (24) |
|
|
4 | (9) |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
Method of Crosslink Formation |
|
|
5 | (2) |
|
Natural Gels and Synthetic Gels |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
The Crosslink Structure and Size |
|
|
7 | (2) |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
Three-Dimensional Crosslink Structure and Networks |
|
|
10 | (2) |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
Polymer Gels: Crosslink Formations |
|
|
13 | (14) |
|
Characteristics of Polymer Gels |
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
Classification by Crosslink Formations |
|
|
14 | (2) |
|
|
16 | (4) |
|
|
20 | (5) |
|
|
25 | (2) |
|
Theory of Gelation and Preparation of Gels |
|
|
27 | (92) |
|
|
29 | (22) |
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
Average Degree of Polymerization |
|
|
31 | (4) |
|
Branching and Crosslinking |
|
|
35 | (2) |
|
Distribution of the Degree of Polymerization and Crosslink Structure |
|
|
37 | (4) |
|
Free Radical Copolymerization |
|
|
41 | (1) |
|
The Process of Crosslink Structure Formation |
|
|
41 | (6) |
|
Molecular Weight Distribution |
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
|
48 | (3) |
|
|
51 | (14) |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
Inverted Test Tube Method |
|
|
52 | (6) |
|
Fallen Ball Method and U-shaped Tube Method |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
59 | (4) |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
|
65 | (33) |
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
Fundamental Theory of Swelling |
|
|
66 | (7) |
|
|
73 | (2) |
|
Volumetric Phase Transition |
|
|
75 | (6) |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
Kinetic Theory of Swelling |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
Phenomenology of Swelling of Gels |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
Swelling Kinetic Theory of Gel Networks |
|
|
83 | (7) |
|
Critical Relaxation and Phase Separation |
|
|
90 | (2) |
|
Application and Examples of Kinetics |
|
|
92 | (3) |
|
|
95 | (2) |
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
General Theory of Gel Preparation |
|
|
98 | (21) |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
Gel Preparation by Covalent Bonding |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
The Method to Crosslink Simultaneously during Polymerization |
|
|
99 | (5) |
|
Method to Crosslink Polymer Chains Already Formed |
|
|
104 | (5) |
|
Gel Formation by Intermolecular Physical Bonding |
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
|
110 | (2) |
|
|
112 | (4) |
|
|
116 | (3) |
|
Structure and Properties of Gels |
|
|
119 | (294) |
|
|
122 | (50) |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
|
123 | (14) |
|
|
137 | (8) |
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
Analysis of Biopolymer Gels: Hair |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
System Structure and Morphology of Hair |
|
|
147 | (2) |
|
Hair Proteins and Crosslink Structures |
|
|
149 | (6) |
|
Structure of Hair, Role of [ SS] Bonds to Properties |
|
|
155 | (7) |
|
Change of the Structure and Properties of Hair that is Independent of the Chemical Changes of SS Bonds |
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
Structure and Properties of Keratin Protein Model Gel |
|
|
163 | (4) |
|
|
167 | (2) |
|
|
169 | (3) |
|
Structure of Gels, Characterization Techniques |
|
|
172 | (241) |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
Vibration of Polymer Chains and Infrared Spectra |
|
|
173 | (4) |
|
Determination of Critical Chain Length |
|
|
177 | (3) |
|
Gelation of s-PS and Conformational Order |
|
|
180 | (8) |
|
Gelation Behavior and Conformational Order in i-PS/Solvent System |
|
|
188 | (3) |
|
Gelation of Amorphous Polystyrene |
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
Gelation of Poly(ethylene oxide) |
|
|
192 | (2) |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
Theoretical Background of Light Scattering of Gels |
|
|
195 | (2) |
|
Measurement Examples of SLS |
|
|
197 | (3) |
|
Examples of DLS Measurement |
|
|
200 | (7) |
|
X-ray---Neutron Scattering |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Wave Scattering |
|
|
207 | (2) |
|
Gel Models and Scattering |
|
|
209 | (6) |
|
Application Examples of Analysis |
|
|
215 | (5) |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy |
|
|
220 | (8) |
|
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) |
|
|
228 | (7) |
|
|
235 | (12) |
|
|
247 | (2) |
|
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
|
249 | (30) |
|
|
279 | (12) |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
Present Testing Methods for Superabsorbent Polymers |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
Water Uptake Testing Method |
|
|
292 | (6) |
|
Test Method for Rate of Water Absorption |
|
|
298 | (4) |
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
Electrochemical Techniques |
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
|
302 | (2) |
|
Characteristics of Microelectrode |
|
|
304 | (2) |
|
Preparation of Microelectrode and Fixation of Gel |
|
|
306 | (3) |
|
|
309 | (2) |
|
Electrochemical Measurement of Solute in Gels |
|
|
311 | (7) |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
Viscoelasticity, Mechanical Properties |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
Viscoelasticity and Superposition Principle |
|
|
318 | (13) |
|
Viscoelasticity and Its Evaluation Technique of Vibration Damping Gels |
|
|
331 | (18) |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
349 | (4) |
|
Measurements of Gelation Process |
|
|
353 | (7) |
|
Glass Transition Temperature |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
361 | (2) |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
|
363 | (5) |
|
Dielectric Measurement Techniques |
|
|
368 | (3) |
|
Examples of Dielectric Relaxation Spectra |
|
|
371 | (7) |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Measurement Technique for Permeation Coefficient of Gases |
|
|
380 | (9) |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
Usefulness of Index of Refraction Measurements |
|
|
390 | (2) |
|
Summary of Refractive Index Measurements |
|
|
392 | (4) |
|
Measurement of Refractive Index Distribution of Gels |
|
|
396 | (3) |
|
Measurement of Birefringence of Gels |
|
|
399 | (2) |
|
|
401 | (2) |
|
|
403 | (10) |
Index |
|
413 | |
Preface |
|
ix | |
Contributors |
|
xi | |
VOLUME 2 FUNCTIONS |
|
1 | (1) |
|
|
4 | (11) |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
|
|
Water Absorption, Water Retention, and Moisture Absorption |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
Adsorption and Separation of Materials |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
Insolubility and Substrate Materials |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
Viscosity Increase and Flow Properties |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
Conversion of Energy-Chemomechical Materials |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
Electrical Properties, Magnetic Properties |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
Information Conversion Sensors |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
Future Functional Materials |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
|
12 | (3) |
|
|
15 | |
|
Absorptivity of Water (Moisture Absorptivity and Retention of Water) |
|
|
17 | (29) |
|
|
17 | (13) |
|
|
30 | (13) |
|
|
43 | (3) |
|
Sustained Release (Water Absorption)---Drug Delivery System |
|
|
46 | (34) |
|
Application of Hydrogels in DDS |
|
|
46 | (2) |
|
Swelling and Shrinking of Polymer Gels |
|
|
48 | (11) |
|
Change of Swelling of Gels and its Effect on Drug Delivery |
|
|
59 | (9) |
|
Drug Delivery Control Using Internal Structural Changes of Gels |
|
|
68 | (8) |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
|
77 | (3) |
|
Adsorption and Separation |
|
|
80 | (68) |
|
Ability to Concentrate Solvent by Gels and Separation of Mixed Solvent by Gel Membrances |
|
|
80 | (25) |
|
|
105 | (15) |
|
Interaction with Natural Materials |
|
|
120 | (22) |
|
|
142 | (6) |
|
Transport and Permeation (Diffusion of Materials) |
|
|
148 | (25) |
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
Theory of Material Diffusion within Polymer Gels |
|
|
148 | (3) |
|
The Diffusion Coefficient Measurement Methods |
|
|
151 | (2) |
|
Examples of Investigation |
|
|
153 | (18) |
|
|
171 | (2) |
|
Insolubility and Supportability (including Absorption of Oil) |
|
|
173 | (31) |
|
Fixation (Microbes, Enzymes and Catalysts Included) |
|
|
173 | (16) |
|
|
189 | (13) |
|
|
202 | (2) |
|
Transparency (Optical Properties) |
|
|
204 | (34) |
|
|
204 | (11) |
|
Replacement Materials for the Vitreous of Human Eyes |
|
|
215 | (10) |
|
|
225 | (10) |
|
|
235 | (3) |
|
|
238 | (63) |
|
Chemomechanical Polymer Gels |
|
|
238 | (42) |
|
Information Conversion Property |
|
|
280 | (16) |
|
|
296 | (5) |
|
Electrical and Magnetic Properties |
|
|
301 | (64) |
|
|
301 | (10) |
|
|
311 | (35) |
|
|
346 | (15) |
|
|
361 | (4) |
|
|
365 | (12) |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
366 | (4) |
|
Shape Memory Polymer Gels |
|
|
370 | (4) |
|
Characteristics of Shape Memory Materials |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
Application of Shape Memory Gels |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
Viscosity Enhancement and Flow Properties of Microgels |
|
|
377 | (11) |
|
|
377 | (2) |
|
Properties of Microgel Dispersed Liquids |
|
|
379 | (6) |
|
Applications of Microgels |
|
|
385 | (2) |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
Biocompatibility of Hydrogels |
|
|
388 | |
|
|
388 | (3) |
|
What is Biocompatibility? |
|
|
391 | (2) |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
|
394 | (4) |
|
Interfacial Biocompatibility |
|
|
398 | (8) |
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
|
406 | |
Preface |
|
xxi | |
Contributors |
|
xxiii | |
VOLUME 3 APPLICATIONS |
|
|
|
1 | (34) |
|
|
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
Evaluation of Disposable Diapers |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
Market for Disposable Diapers for Children |
|
|
5 | (2) |
|
Development of Trend of Children's Disposable Diapers |
|
|
7 | (2) |
|
Market Share and Development of Adult Disposable Diapers |
|
|
9 | (2) |
|
Superabsorbent Polymers for Disposable Diapers |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
Crosslink Density and Absorbency |
|
|
11 | (2) |
|
Surface Crosslinking and Absorbency |
|
|
13 | (2) |
|
Particle Sizes and Absorbency |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
|
15 | (2) |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
|
19 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
History of Sanitary Napkin |
|
|
21 | (2) |
|
Market Share Sanitary Napkins |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
Structure of Sanitary napkins |
|
|
26 | (2) |
|
Development of Superabsorbent Polymers for Sanitary Napkins |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
Improvement of Superabsorbent Polymers |
|
|
29 | (4) |
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
|
35 | (74) |
|
|
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
|
38 | (2) |
|
Viscosity-Increase Functions |
|
|
40 | (6) |
|
|
46 | (2) |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
|
49 | (1) |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
Classification of Hair Care Gels |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
|
50 | (5) |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
59 | (5) |
|
|
64 | (2) |
|
Air Fresheners and Deodorizers |
|
|
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
Gel Air Fresheners and Deodorizers |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
|
68 | (3) |
|
Oleophilic Gel Air Fresheners |
|
|
71 | (3) |
|
Vaporization of Fragrances from Hydrogels |
|
|
74 | (2) |
|
Future Development of Gel Air Fresheners and Deodorizers |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
Disposable Portable Heaters |
|
|
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
Future Trends for Disposable Portable heaters |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
Use of Viscous Nature of Gels |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
Use of Super-Controlled Release Properties of Gels |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
Use of Thermoresponsive Nature of Gels |
|
|
79 | (2) |
|
Sanitary products for Pets |
|
|
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
81 | (2) |
|
Toilet Sand for Pets and SAP |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
What is Toilet Sand for Pets? |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
Use of Toilet Sand for Pets |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
|
|
Silver Halide Photosensitive Materials |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
Physical Crosslinking of Gelatin Gels |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
Chemical Crosslinking of Gelatin Gels |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
Swelling of Uncrosslinked Gelatin Film |
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
Swelling of Gelatin Film and Its Crystallinity |
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
Swelling towards the Plane Direction of a Gelatin Film |
|
|
88 | (2) |
|
Other Parameters that Control Swelling |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
Swelling of Crosslinked Gelatin Films |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
Rate of Swelling of Crosslinked Gelatin Films |
|
|
91 | (2) |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
Swelling of Gelatin Gels by Ionic Crosslinking |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
Control of Development-Agent Permeation by Polymer Blends |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
Mechanical Properties of Gels |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
Relationships between the Modulus and Crystallites of Gelatin Gels |
|
|
96 | (2) |
|
Moduli of Gelatin Gels that Contain a Crosslinking Agent |
|
|
98 | (3) |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
|
101 | (2) |
|
Domestic Oil-Treatment Agents |
|
|
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
Inhibition Mechanisms of Gelation |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
Improvement of Gel Strength |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
Adsorption of Lecithin by Silica Gel |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
Fiber Structure Changes by Addition of a Sodium Salt |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
|
107 | (2) |
|
|
109 | (32) |
|
Water-Absorption Sheet for Maintaining Freshness of Foods |
|
|
|
Techniques to Maintain Freshness and Functional Packaging Materials |
|
|
111 | (4) |
|
Basic Structure and Functions of Water-Absorption Sheet for Freshness Preservation of Foods |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
Improvement of Water-Absorption Sheet for Freshness Preservation of Foods |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
Development Trend of Water-Absorption Sheets for Specific Applications |
|
|
117 | (2) |
|
|
119 | (2) |
|
Multifunctional Packaging Materials for Freshness Preservation |
|
|
|
Water-absorbing, Multifunctional Packaging Materials |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
Multifunctional Packaging Materials with Water-Absorption and Antibacterial Functions |
|
|
122 | (3) |
|
Multifunctional Packaging Materials with Water Absorption and Deodorant Functions |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
Other Multifunctional Packaging Materials |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
|
125 | (2) |
|
Coolants for Food Transportation |
|
|
|
Basic Structure and Function of Coolants for Food Transportation |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
Improvement of Coolant Shapes for Food Transportation |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
Immersing Self-absorbing Coolants |
|
|
128 | (2) |
|
Improvement of Polymer Hydrogel for Coolants |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
Application Examples of Coolants Tailored for a Particular Food |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
|
132 | (2) |
|
Contact-Dehydration Sheet for Food Processing |
|
|
|
Structure and Function of Contact-Dehydration Sheet for Food Processing |
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
Benefits for Cooking and Application Examples of Contact Dehydrating Sheet |
|
|
135 | (2) |
|
Improvement towards Low-Cost Contact-Dehydration Sheets |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
Package Systems that Utilized Contact-Dehydration Sheet |
|
|
137 | (2) |
|
|
139 | (2) |
|
Medicine and Medical Care |
|
|
141 | (118) |
|
|
|
|
145 | (2) |
|
|
147 | (2) |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
|
150 | (2) |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
Applications of Gel for Plastic Surgery: Artificial Breasts and Skin |
|
|
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
Silicone Gel-Filled Breast Prosthesis |
|
|
155 | (4) |
|
Hydrogel-Filled Breast Prosthesis |
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
|
160 | (2) |
|
Tissue Reorganization Template |
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
|
163 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
History of Contact Lenses |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
Classification and Components of Contact Lenses |
|
|
167 | (3) |
|
Manufacturing Method of Soft Contact Lenses |
|
|
170 | (2) |
|
Properties of Soft Contact Lenses |
|
|
172 | (2) |
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
|
175 | (2) |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
|
178 | (2) |
|
Absorbable Hydrogels for Medical Use |
|
|
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
Hemostatic Agents, Adhesives, and Sealants |
|
|
180 | (3) |
|
|
183 | (3) |
|
Tissue Engineering Matrices and Separation Membranes |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
Bioadhesion Gels and Their Applications |
|
|
|
|
188 | (1) |
|
Application Areas of Bioadhesion Gels |
|
|
189 | (1) |
|
Adhesion Mechanisms of Bioadhesion Gels |
|
|
189 | (2) |
|
Application Examples Based on Location |
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
|
191 | (4) |
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
|
196 | (1) |
|
|
196 | (3) |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
|
199 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
|
201 | (2) |
|
Characteristics of Patches |
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
Current Trend of Transdermal Patches |
|
|
203 | (6) |
|
New Approaches for Transdermal Patches |
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
|
210 | (1) |
|
Ointments for Antiinflammatory Drugs |
|
|
|
|
211 | (2) |
|
Development of Drug Delivery Systems |
|
|
213 | (1) |
|
|
213 | (1) |
|
|
213 | (3) |
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
|
216 | (3) |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
Application of Chitosan Medical Care |
|
|
|
|
221 | (2) |
|
General Properties of Chitin and Chitosan |
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
Preparation and Application of Chitin Gels |
|
|
223 | (2) |
|
Preparation and Application of Chitosan Gels |
|
|
225 | (2) |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
|
228 | (2) |
|
Sustained Drug Delivery by Gels |
|
|
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
Polymers and Gels Used for Drug Delivery Systems |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
Gel Functions and Controlled Drug Delivery |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
Blocking Effect in Gel Diffusion |
|
|
232 | (1) |
|
Application of Swelling-Shrinking Phase Transition of Gels |
|
|
233 | (2) |
|
Application of Blend Gels to DDS |
|
|
235 | (4) |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
Summary of Medical Sensors |
|
|
241 | (2) |
|
Application of Gels to Medical Sensors |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
Functions of Polymer Gels and Their Application to Sensor Technology |
|
|
244 | (2) |
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
|
246 | (2) |
|
Encapsulation of Cells in Hydrogels |
|
|
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
Encapsulation Method for Live Cells in Hydrogels |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
Formation of Hydrogen Bonding |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
Use of the Phase Change of Polymer Solutions |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
Use of Low Cell Toxicity Solvents |
|
|
250 | (4) |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
Formation of Hydrogels by the Oxidation of Thiol |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
Application of Cells Encapsulated in Hydrogels |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
|
255 | (2) |
|
Prevention of Cell Aggregation |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
Protection of High Molecular Weight DNA |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
|
257 | (2) |
|
|
259 | (34) |
|
Characteristics of Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP)-Mixed Soil |
|
|
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
Characteristics of SAP for Agriculture and Greening |
|
|
262 | (3) |
|
Availability of Water Held in SAP to Plants |
|
|
265 | (3) |
|
Characteristics of a SAP Mixed Soil |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
Change in the Distribution of Three Phases |
|
|
268 | (3) |
|
Evaporation Characteristics from SAP-mixed Soil |
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
|
272 | (2) |
|
|
274 | (2) |
|
Application of Superabsorbent Polymers in Japanese Agriculture and Greening |
|
|
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
Methods to Mix SAP into Soil |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
Mixing into Vegetable Culture Beds |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
|
277 | (2) |
|
|
279 | (2) |
|
Mixing SAP into Media of Bench Culture |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
|
281 | (2) |
|
Seed Coating and Seed Immersion |
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
Application of Superabsorbent Polymers to Dry Land |
|
|
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
|
287 | (2) |
|
|
289 | (3) |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
Civil Engineering and Construction |
|
|
293 | (56) |
|
Civil Engineering and Construction |
|
|
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
Application of Water-Swelling Rubbers as Sealants |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
Nonswelling Rubber-Type Sealants |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
Swelling of Water-Swelling Rubbers |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
Water-Stopping Capability of Water-Swelling Rubbers |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
Water-Stopping Properties of Water-Swelling Rubbers |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
Water-Stopping Experiment for Water-Swelling Rubbers |
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
Addition of Sealant Groove |
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
|
302 | (2) |
|
Prevention of Water Condensation |
|
|
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
Mechanism of Water Condensation and Methods for Preventing Water Condensation Using Polymer Gels |
|
|
305 | (2) |
|
Characteristics Required for Preventing Water Condensation |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
Moisture Adjustment Ability |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
|
309 | (2) |
|
Durability (Antifungal and Repeated Moisture Cycle Test) |
|
|
311 | (2) |
|
Application Example of Superabsorbent Polymer Sheets as a Prevention Material for Water Condensation: Application to Snow Dam |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
|
314 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
316 | (2) |
|
Fireproof Covering Materials |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
Application of Superabsorbent Polymers |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
Fireproof Covering Material, Aquacover |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
Heat Absorption Effect of Heat Absorbing Packaging |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
Mechanism of Heat Absorption |
|
|
320 | (2) |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
Sealed Construction Method |
|
|
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
Types of Tunnel Digging Methods |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
Various Methods in Sealed Construction Method |
|
|
324 | (4) |
|
The Characteristics of Soils from Sealed Digging |
|
|
328 | (6) |
|
Improvement of Sealed Soil |
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
Gelation of Waste Mud (Gelation of Construction Waste Mud) |
|
|
|
|
336 | (3) |
|
Treatment and Dumping of Construction Waste Mud |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
339 | (2) |
|
Treatment and Disposal of Construction Waste Mud |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
MImprovement Treatment of Waste Mud by Addition of a Chemical Agent |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
Inorganic Chemicals Methods |
|
|
342 | (5) |
|
Methods by Organic Agents |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
|
349 | (60) |
|
Application of Gels for Separation Matrices |
|
|
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
Classification of Gels Based on the Shape and Chemical Structure of Particular Gels |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
Classification Based on Chemical Structure |
|
|
353 | (5) |
|
Separation Mechanisms and Separation Agents |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
Special Chromatographic Separation |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
|
361 | (7) |
|
Application for Tissue Culture of Plants |
|
|
|
Oleogels and Their Applications |
|
|
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
Difference from Oil Gelation Agents |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
370 | (2) |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
Fundamental Properties of Oleogels |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
Oil Absorption Ratio for Mixed Oils |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
Selective Absorption of Oil from Oil/Water Mixture |
|
|
375 | (2) |
|
Inhibition Effect of Spreading |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
Additives for Resins and Rubbers |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
|
379 | (2) |
|
Application of Superabsorbent Polymers Gels to Oil-Water Separation (Use of Superabsorbent Polymer Containing Sheet) |
|
|
|
|
381 | (2) |
|
Separation and Gelation of Fine Oil Particles and Emulsified Oils |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
Coalescence Separation of Fine Oil Particles |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
Practical Aspects of Oil-Water Separation Sheet |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
Construction of Oil-Water Separation Sheet |
|
|
383 | (2) |
|
Evaluation of Oil-Water Separation Sheets |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
Experimental Examples of Oil-Water Separation Effects |
|
|
385 | (4) |
|
|
389 | (3) |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
Application of Gels to Latent Heat Thermal Storage Media |
|
|
|
|
393 | (2) |
|
Inorganic Hydration Salt Type Thermal Storage Media |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
Phase Separation Phenomena |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
Application of a Superabsorbent Polymer to Sodium Sulfate Decahydrate |
|
|
396 | (2) |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
Thermal Storage Media from Organic Compounds |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
Application for Electrophoresis |
|
|
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
Polyacrylamide and Agarose Gels |
|
|
402 | (2) |
|
|
404 | (3) |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
|
407 | (2) |
|
Electric and Electronic Industries |
|
|
409 | (70) |
|
|
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
Properties Required of Superabsorbent Polymers for Communication Cables |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
Water-Absorbing Wraparound Tapes |
|
|
413 | (2) |
|
Water-Absorbing Materials made of Fibers, Strings, and Narrow-width Tapes |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
Jelly-like Water-Absorbing Materials |
|
|
415 | (2) |
|
Direct-Coating Type Water-absorbing Materials |
|
|
417 | (2) |
|
Application to Power Cables and Others, Conclusion |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
|
419 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
Polymer Electrolytes and Lithium Batteries |
|
|
423 | (3) |
|
Nonaqueous Electrolyte Gels |
|
|
426 | (3) |
|
Polymer Film Primary Batteries |
|
|
429 | (3) |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
|
433 | (4) |
|
Performance of Auxiliary Batteries |
|
|
437 | (2) |
|
Characteristics of Polymer Auxiliary Batteries |
|
|
439 | (2) |
|
Towards Increased Energy Density of Polymer Batteries and Future Trends |
|
|
441 | (2) |
|
|
443 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
445 | (2) |
|
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
Development of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
|
449 | (2) |
|
Problems of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
453 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
Fixation of Enzymes onto Gels and Construction of Sensors |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
Oxygen and Hydrogen Peroxide-detecting Glucose Sensors |
|
|
456 | (3) |
|
Low Molecular Weight Molecule Mediator-type Glucose Sensors |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
Polymer Mediator-type Glucose Sensors |
|
|
460 | (2) |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
462 | (3) |
|
Sensors That Utilized Copolymers |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
Sensors with Crosslinked Hydrophilic Polymers |
|
|
466 | (2) |
|
Sensors Utilizing Interpenetrating Polymer Networks |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
Sensors Utilizing Graft Polymers |
|
|
469 | (5) |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
|
475 | (4) |
|
Sport and Leisure Activity Industries |
|
|
479 | |
|
Sporting Goods Applications |
|
|
|
|
480 | (2) |
|
Application to Sport Shoes |
|
|
482 | (2) |
|
Development of Tennis Shoes |
|
|
484 | (4) |
|
Application of Gels to Areas Other than Shoes |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
Patented Application Examples |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
Brief Explanation of the Superabsorbent Polymer Method |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
Snow Manufacturing Method |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
Air Conditioning System for Cooling |
|
|
492 | (4) |
|
Properties of Polymer Mixed Snow |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
Thermal Property Modification of Snow by Polymer |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
The Friction Coefficient of Polymer Mixed Snow |
|
|
496 | (4) |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
|
501 | |
Preface |
|
ix | |
Contributors |
|
xi | |
VOLUME 4 ENVIRONMENT: EARTH ENVIRONMENT & GELS |
|
1 | (74) |
|
Environmental Preservation |
|
|
3 | (18) |
|
|
4 | (2) |
|
What Is a Polymeric Flocking Agent? |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
Type and Structure of Polymeric Flocking Agents |
|
|
7 | (4) |
|
Nonionic and Anionic Polymers |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
8 | (2) |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
Functional Mechanisms (Flocking Mechanisms) |
|
|
11 | (5) |
|
Nonionic and Anionic Polymers |
|
|
12 | (2) |
|
|
14 | (2) |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
Actual Application Examples |
|
|
16 | (4) |
|
Flocking Treatment of Wastewater |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
|
17 | (3) |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
Irrigation for Growing Plants |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) as Soil Modifiers |
|
|
24 | (2) |
|
Recirculation of Water Through Plants |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Gels |
|
|
27 | (3) |
|
Thermoresponsive Polymer Hydrogels |
|
|
30 | (4) |
|
Proposal for New Water Recycling Systems |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
|
35 | |
|
|
36 | |
|
Sanitary Products and Environmental Problems |
|
|
21 | (54) |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
Definition of Sanitary Products |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
Definition of Environmental Problem by Sanitary Products |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
Materials Used for Sanitary Products |
|
|
38 | (2) |
|
Production of Sanitary Products and Its Consequence as Rubbish |
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
Uniqueness of Sanitary Product Waste from the Legal Point of View |
|
|
41 | (2) |
|
Influence on Daily Environment |
|
|
43 | (20) |
|
|
43 | (7) |
|
|
50 | (10) |
|
|
60 | (3) |
|
Preservation of Natural Resources |
|
|
63 | (11) |
|
Current State of the Forestry of the World and Japan |
|
|
63 | (7) |
|
The Majority of Pulp Used for Sanitary Products is Imported |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
Reason why Used Papers are not Employed for Sanitary Products |
|
|
70 | (3) |
|
Approaches for Conservation of Resources |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
Ecology and Preservation of Scenery |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
Weight Reduction of Disposable Diapers |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
Used Disposable Diapers for Use as Compost |
|
|
74 | (1) |
Data Summary Gel compound data index |
|
75 | |