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General Principles of EU Law and the EU Digital Order [Kietas viršelis]

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  • Formatas: Hardback, 504 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 09-Jan-2020
  • Leidėjas: Kluwer Law International
  • ISBN-10: 9403511656
  • ISBN-13: 9789403511658
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Hardback, 504 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 09-Jan-2020
  • Leidėjas: Kluwer Law International
  • ISBN-10: 9403511656
  • ISBN-13: 9789403511658
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:

Digitalization of societies has important ramifications for citizens and businesses. The digital landscape is rapidly changing, whereas at the same time there are growing concerns about how market access in the EU’s digital market as well as fundamental rights can be sufficiently safeguarded in the shadow of ‘big data’ and algorithms. This timely and important book presents expert analyses of how digitalization raises questions of the future role for general principles of European Union (EU) law, including the foundational principles of the EU’s fundamental economic freedoms and EU competition rules.

Examining a number of issues revolving around the internal market, the digital single market, competition law, intellectual property, data protection, democracy and the rule of law, the contributors provide deeply informed insights of the challenges as to:

  • effects of the technological disruption on the doctrine of general principles;
  • the resilience of general principles in the digital society;
  • the need to rely on new general principles in the digital society;
  • the realization of the digital single market;
  • the safeguarding of fundamental rights and the rule of law.

The contributors are highly esteemed scholars from major European universities. A common theme is the need for judicial evolution of EU fundamental rights law in the digital era, alongside penetrating analyses of recent Court of Justice of the European Union case law on the impact of digitalization.

Dealing as it does with an area of European law of particular complexity and rapidly growing importance, the anthology provides insights and knowledge about the ways in which digitalization is rapidly changing EU law. Are general principles of EU law as developed in an ‘analogue world’ sufficiently resilient to withstand the rapid and often disruptive developments taking place in the digital marketplace? The fresh look at the concept of ‘general principles’ taken by the various contributors helps to clarify the actual application in EU law in areas related to the ongoing digitalization of our society. It will be greatly appreciated by practitioners, policymakers and academics active in any of the many fields of law affected by the digital revolution.

Editors v
Contributors vii
Preface xxv
Part I General Issues
1(80)
Chapter 1 The Resilience of the Eu Single Market's Building Blocks In the Face of Digitalization
3(28)
Sybe A. De Vries
§1.01 Introduction
3(1)
§1.02 Context: Specific Features of the Eu's Dsm
4(2)
§1.03 Digitalization And the Material Scope of the Four Freedoms
6(8)
[ A] The Broad Concept of Economic ActiVity
6(3)
[ B] Blurring Lines And Concealing Distinctions Between Goods, Persons And SerVices
9(1)
[ 1] Importance of SerVices
9(3)
[ 2] Blurring Lines Between Goods And SerVices
12(1)
[ 3] Blurring Lines And Concealing Distinctions Between SerVices And Workers: `Humans As A SerVice?'
13(1)
[ 4] The Need to Recognize Data As Fifth Freedom?
14(1)
[ C] Concluding Remarks
14(1)
§1.04 The SubstantiVe Scope of Application: Non-Discrimination, Market Access And Public Interests
14(10)
[ A] The Concepts of Freedom And Free MoVement
15(1)
[ 1] Non-Discrimination
15(2)
[ 2] Market Access
17(1)
[ 3] Article 16 Eu Charter of Additional Value?
18(1)
[ B] Public Interests And Fundamental Rights
19(4)
[ C] Concluding Remarks
23(1)
§1.05 Personal Scope: the Question of Horizontality
24(5)
[ 1] Free MoVement Rules
25(1)
[ 2] Fundamental Rights
26(2)
[ 3] Public And PriVate Interests
28(1)
[ 4] Concluding Remarks
28(1)
§1.06 Territorial Scope
29(1)
§1.07 Conclusion
29(2)
Chapter 2 The Principle of Sincere Cooperation, the Charter And Digitalisation
31(34)
John Temple Lang
§2.01 Introduction
31(5)
§2.02 The Duty to HaVe Authorities Capable of Ensuring EffectiVe Implementation of Eu Law
36(2)
§2.03 The Duty to AVoid Conflicts With Eu Institutions
38(1)
§2.04 The Duty Not to Interfere With the Operation of Eu Law Or Eu Institutions
38(2)
§2.05 The Duty Not to Interfere With Commission Decisions
40(1)
§2.06 The Duty to AVoid Facilitating Breach of Eu Law
41(4)
[ A] A Duty to AVoid Facilitating Or Allowing Breach of the National Law of Other Member States
41(1)
[ B] The Duty to Correct Errors
42(1)
[ C] The Duty to ProVide A Fair Trial And EffectiVe Remedies
42(3)
[ D] The Duty to Act As Trustee Or Agent of Necessity For the Union
45(1)
§2.07 The Duty Not to Allow Interference By Defendants With the Right to An EffectiVe Remedy
45(1)
§2.08 Sincere Cooperation And Competition As An Eu ObjectiVe
46(1)
§2.09 The European Economic Area
47(6)
[ A] HaVe National Authorities And Courts A Duty to Raise Issues Under the Charter On Their Own InitiatiVe?
48(1)
[ B] Sincere Cooperation And Legal Certainty
49(1)
[ C] Judges' Attitudes
50(1)
[ D] Protection of the EnVironment
51(2)
§2.10 Is There A General Principle Requiring EffectiVe National Procedural Remedies In EnVironmental Cases?
53(2)
§2.11 Digitalisation, A New Area of Law, In the Light of the General Principle of Sincere Cooperation
55(4)
[ A] How Far Does the Principle of Sincere Cooperation Impose A Legal Duty to Regulate Digital Information In PriVate Hands?
57(1)
[ B] Issues Arise In Connection With Data-Gathering Enterprises And Information-ProViding Enterprises
57(2)
§2.12 Contractual Arrangements
59(2)
§2.13 Suggested General Principles
61(1)
§2.14 Conclusion
62(3)
Chapter 3 Judicial DeVelopment of Eu Fundamental Rights Law In the Digital Era: A Fresh Look At the Concept of `General Principles'
65(16)
Dorota Leczykiewicz
§3.01 The Transactional And Non-Transactional Protection of Users
66(6)
§3.02 Effects of Eu Fundamental Rights
72(4)
§3.03 Judicial Eu Fundamental Rights Law
76(3)
§3.04 If Not the Charter, Then What?
79(1)
§3.05 Conclusion
80(1)
Part II Principles And Rights
81(126)
Chapter 4 The Approach of the Cjeu In the Era of Digitalization: Free MoVement In Relation to the Internet At Its 25Th Anniversary
83(24)
Ulla Neergaard
§4.01 Introduction
83(2)
§4.02 The Legal Nature of Free MoVement And the Internal Market
85(4)
§4.03 The EVolution of the Case-Law In the Area of Free MoVement
89(13)
[ A] The First Decennium After the `Release' of the Internet (1993-2003): From Equating A Fax Or A Telephone to `Virtual Market Places'
89(3)
[ B] The Interim Phase, I.E., the Second Decennium After the `Release' of the Internet (2004-2013): Intensification of the Degree of Complexity
92(5)
[ C] The Final Phase (2014-2018): ReViews Directing Towards CollaboratiVe Economies And Other Complicated Set-Ups
97(5)
§4.04 Conclusions
102(5)
Chapter 5 Proportionality Beyond the Constitution: the Impact of the Principle On Eu Digitalization Legislation
107(24)
Ton Van Den Brink
§5.01 Introduction
107(2)
§5.02 Proportionality: Foundations, Sources And Protection of Member States' Interests
109(6)
[ A] Elements of Proportionality
110(1)
[ 1] Form And Content
110(1)
[ 2] Procedural Requirements
111(1)
[ B] Proportionality: Protecting Member States' Interests?
112(3)
§5.03 The General Data Protection Regulation (Gdpr)
115(7)
§5.04 Taxing the Digital Economy
122(6)
§5.05 Comparison And Conclusions
128(3)
Chapter 6 General Principles of Eu Law For the CollaboratiVe Economy
131(20)
Vassilis Hatzopoulos
§6.01 Introduction
131(2)
§6.02 The Role of General Principles In the Sharing Economy
133(1)
§6.03 Resilience: New Light to Old Principles
134(8)
[ A] Effet Utile: EffectiVeness of Eu Law
134(1)
[ 1] Internal Market: Market Access
134(2)
[ 2] Consumer Protection
136(1)
[ 3] Data Protection
137(1)
[ 4] Competition Law
138(1)
[ 5] Labour Law
139(1)
[ 6] Conclusion On the Principle of EffectiVeness
140(1)
[ B] Proportionality And Subsidiarity
140(2)
§6.04 ReinVention: New Principles
142(7)
[ A] EffectiVe Analogy
142(1)
[ B] Algorithmic Fairness
143(1)
[ 1] The Problem
144(2)
[ 2] Existing (Partial) Solutions
146(1)
[ 3] Future (More Coherent) Solutions Through the Creation of A General Principle
147(2)
§6.05 Conclusion
149(2)
Chapter 7 Eu Non-Discrimination Law In the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Mapping the Challenges of Algorithmic Discrimination
151(32)
Raphaele Xenidis
Linda Senden
§7.01 The Mechanics of Algorithmic Discrimination
153(8)
[ A] Ai, Machine-Learning And Algorithms
153(2)
[ B] What Risks of Discrimination Do Machine-Learning Algorithms Pose?
155(1)
[ C] Bias Through the Lens of Non-Discrimination Law: Demystifying Algorithmic Discrimination
156(1)
[ 1] Stereotyping In Framing, Labelling And Modelling
157(1)
[ 2] Structural Discrimination Engrained In Data
158(3)
§7.02 The Applicability of the Current Eu Non-Discrimination Law Regime to Cases of Algorithmic Discrimination
161(9)
[ A] Algorithmic Discrimination In the Labour Market
161(1)
[ 1] Equal Pay
161(2)
[ 2] Employment: Hiring, Promotion And Working Conditions
163(1)
[ 3] Algorithmic Stereotyping In Job Ads And Opportunities
164(3)
[ B] The ProVision And Supply of Goods And SerVices
167(1)
[ 1] Structural Misrepresentation In the Access to Goods And SerVices
167(1)
[ 2] Algorithmic Stereotyping In AdVertising
168(1)
[ 3] Algorithmic Price Discrimination
169(1)
§7.03 Conceptual Challenges, Uncertainties And Limits of Eu Non-Discrimination Law In the Digital Era
170(5)
[ A] Direct Discrimination: A Sound Conceptual Basis With Limited Applicability?
171(1)
[ B] Indirect Discrimination: A Broader Reach But More Justifications
172(3)
§7.04 Enforcement Challenges: A Need to Rethink the Application of Eu Non-Discrimination Law?
175(6)
[ A] The IndiVidual Rights-Based Approach
175(3)
[ B] The Public SuperVisory Approach
178(3)
§7.05 Conclusions
181(2)
Chapter 8 Here, There And EVerywhere: the Right to PriVacy In the Context of Good Administration In Cross-Border Coordination of Social Security Matters
183(24)
Jaan Paju
§8.01 Introduction
183(2)
§8.02 Competing Rights And Principles: Efficiency, Fighting Fraud And the Right to PriVacy: the Theoretical Setting
185(1)
§8.03 Social Security And Regulation 883/2004
186(6)
[ A] Introduction
186(1)
[ B] Regulation 883/2004
187(1)
[ C] The Personal Data Needed By Regulation 883/2004
187(2)
[ D] European Forms (E-Forms) Carrying Personal Data
189(1)
[ E] Regulation 883/2004 And the Eessi-Platform
190(1)
[ F] The Eessi: Platform As A Way of Enhancing the Co-Operation
191(1)
§8.04 Fundamental Rights: the Right to PriVacy And Data Protection
192(3)
§8.05 Is the Eessi In Compliance With Fundamental Rights And Gdpr?
195(2)
§8.06 Fighting Inaccuracies Versus the Right to PriVacy, Or: In the Name of Fraud
197(2)
§8.07 Concluding Remarks
199(8)
Part III Eu And Digital Rights
207(90)
Chapter 9 Balancing Fundamental Rights As A Method For Enforcing Digital Copyright In the Eu: Exploring the Institutional Implications
209(40)
Antonina Bakardjieva Engelbrekt
§9.01 Copyright In the Digital EnVironment: Interests InVolVed And the Challenge For Enforcement
210(4)
§9.02 The Eu Legal Framework On Digital Copyright Enforcement: A LegislatiVely Sanctioned Uncertainty
214(14)
[ A] Copyright And the Global Information Infrastructure: the ElusiVe Search For Balance Through Political Bargaining
214(5)
[ B] Implementing International Rules At the Eu LeVel: A New Terrain of Contestation
219(3)
[ C] Legal Rules On Copyright Enforcement: A Fragmented RegulatiVe Landscape
222(4)
[ D] Exacerbating Uncertainty Through National Implementation
226(2)
§9.03 Enter the Eu Court of Justice: Balancing Fundamental Rights As A Method For Enforcing Digital Copyright?
228(4)
§9.04 Institutional Implications
232(9)
[ A] The Court As A Competence Dispatcher
234(1)
[ 1] Promusicae
234(1)
[ 2] Scarlet Extended
235(2)
[ 3] Upc-Telekabel
237(2)
[ B] Influencing the Design of National Decision-Making Processes
239(2)
§9.05 Judicial Balancing In the Context of Legal And Institutional DiVersity
241(8)
Chapter 10 The GraVitational Force of the Charter of Fundamental Rights In Eu Copyright Law
249(18)
Stefan Kulk
§10.01 The Eu Copyright Framework
250(3)
§10.02 ExclusiVe Rights And Fundamental Rights
253(2)
[ A] Gs Media
253(1)
[ B] Renckhoff
254(1)
[ C] Pelham
255(1)
§10.03 Limitations And Exceptions
255(5)
[ A] Painer
256(1)
[ B] Deckmyn
256(1)
[ C] Funke Medien, Spiegel Online, And Pelham
257(3)
§10.04 Enforcement Measures
260(4)
[ A] Promusicae
261(1)
[ B] Later Case Law
262(2)
§10.05 Conclusion
264(3)
Chapter 11 Proportionality In the Cjeu's Internet Copyright Case Law: InVasiVe Or Resilient?
267(30)
Tuomas Mylly
§11.01 Introduction
267(2)
§11.02 The Multiple Functions of Rights Proportionality In the Cjeu Case Law
269(14)
[ A] Legislation Or Judicial Rights Proportionality? Scarlet's Choice
269(3)
[ B] Using Rights Proportionality to Expand the Scope of Eu Copyright Law: Deckmyn's Parody
272(2)
[ C] PriVatizing Rights Proportionality: the Troubling Upc Telekabel Wien
274(2)
[ D] Annihilating Free Wi-Fi In Europe With Fundamental Rights Balance: Mc Fadden
276(3)
[ E] Capturing Hyperlinking Under Eu Copyright Law Through Proportionality: Gs Media
279(3)
[ F] Transitional Conclusions On the Case Law
282(1)
§11.03 Three Critical PerspectiVes to the Cjeu's Use of Proportionality
283(9)
[ A] Is There A Way Out of Incommensurability?
283(2)
[ B] Rights Inflation Or `Loss of Rights'
285(5)
[ C] SpilloVer Effects Or `Externalities'
290(2)
§11.04 Proportionality As A Mode of Regulation: Synthetizing Discussion
292(3)
§11.05 Conclusion
295(2)
Part IV Competition Law And Related Issues
297(68)
Chapter 12 General Principles of European Competition Law And the `Modern Bigness' of Digital Power: the Missing Link Between General Principles of Public Economic Law And Competition Law
299(16)
Anna Gerbrandy
§12.01 Introduction
299(1)
§12.02 General Principles of Eu Law And European Competition Law
300(9)
[ A] Area-Specific General Principles: the Utrecht Tradition And the Principles of Public Economic Law
302(4)
[ B] The General Principles of Freedom, Equality And Solidarity
306(2)
[ C] A Resurfacing of General Principles of Public Economic Law?
308(1)
§12.03 The Problem of Modern Bigness: Blurry Lines Between Market And Non-Market Impacts
309(3)
§12.04 Conclusion: Big Tech In Light of Principles of Public Economic Law
312(3)
Chapter 13 Portability In Datasets Under Intellectual Property, Competition Law, And Blockchain
315(30)
Bjorn LundqVist
§13.01 Introduction
316(4)
§13.02 Portability In Data?
320(8)
§13.03 Porting Right to Databases
328(2)
§13.04 The Interface Between Porting Rights And Database Protection And Trade Secret Protection
330(6)
§13.05 Competition Law: Data Hoarding By Some Platforms --- A Violation of Article 101 Or 102 Tfeu?
336(4)
§13.06 Blockchain
340(2)
§13.07 Conclusion
342(3)
Chapter 14 Applying the Principle of Proportionality In the Assessment of Online Sales Restrictions: Does the Ecj Manage to Strike A Balance?
345(20)
Helene Andersson
§14.01 The Principle of Proportionality In the Application of the Eu Competition Rules
346(2)
§14.02 Online Sales Restrictions: Any Cause For Concern?
348(2)
§14.03 SelectiVe Distribution Systems And Article 101(1) Tfeu
350(1)
§14.04 The Court's Ruling In Metro
351(2)
§14.05 Life After the Vertical Block Exemption Regulation
353(1)
§14.06 Online Sales Restrictions Under the Vber
354(1)
§14.07 Pierre Fabre: the Game Changer
354(3)
[ A] The Case
355(2)
[ B] Comment On the Court's Ruling
357(1)
§14.08 Coty: Redressing the Balance?
357(5)
[ A] The Case
357(1)
[ 1] The First Question
358(2)
[ 2] The Second Question
360(1)
[ 3] Questions 3 And 4
361(1)
[ B] Comments On the Court's Ruling
361(1)
§14.09 Concluding Remarks
362(3)
Part V Data Protection
365(58)
Chapter 15 Anarchy, State, And Blockchain Utopia: Rule of Law Versus Lex Cryptographia
367(18)
Thibault Schrepel
§15.01 Blockchain And Fundamental Rights Outside the Rule of Law
370(4)
[ A] Blockchain As A Barrier to the Rule of Law
370(3)
[ B] The Rule of Law And Lex Cryptographia As AlternatiVes
373(1)
§15.02 Blockchain And Fundamental Rights As A New Paradigm
374(7)
[ A] Fundamental Rights Within the Lex Cryptographia Ecosystem
375(1)
[ B] The Choice Between Two Regimes of Fundamental Rights
376(5)
§15.03 Concluding Remarks
381(4)
Chapter 16 GoVernance of Digital Technology: Towards Principles For the Regulation of the Design, Implementation And Monitoring of Ai Systems
385(20)
Lucky Belder
§16.01 Introduction
385(2)
§16.02 The Issue At Hand
387(1)
§16.03 Regulation And the Rule of Law
388(3)
[ A] Co-Regulation And Self-Regulation
390(1)
[ B] Nudges
390(1)
§16.04 Regulation of Digital Technology
391(2)
§16.05 The Role of Principles In Law And Regulation
393(3)
[ A] Some Recent Examples of Ai Principles And Guidelines
393(3)
§16.06 Thought Experiment: Utrecht Psalter
396(7)
[ A] Utrecht Psalter Principles
396(1)
[ 1] Precaution 2.0
396(1)
[ 2] Sustainability
397(1)
[ 3] Accountability
398(1)
[ 4] Legality/Legitimacy
399(1)
[ 5] Transparency
400(2)
[ 6] EffectiVeness
402(1)
[ 7] Responsibility
402(1)
§16.07 Regulation By Design? Concluding Remarks
403(2)
Chapter 17 Reconciling PriVacy By Design With the Principle of Transparency
405(18)
Liane Colonna
§17.01 Introduction
405(2)
§17.02 PriVacy By Design
407(3)
§17.03 The Principle of Transparency
410(1)
§17.04 The Conflict Between PriVacy By Design And the Principle of Transparency: A Lack of Democratic Legitimization
411(3)
§17.05 Ways Forward: How to Practically AchieVe Transparency In the Context of PriVacy By Design
414(7)
[ A] Clarify PriVacy Laws Through the Use of Visualization
414(2)
[ B] Create New Methods to Reduce the Difficultly of Transposing Legal Rules Into A Formalized Language
416(3)
[ C] DeVelop A More Coherent PriVacy By Design Methodology
419(2)
§17.06 Conclusion
421(2)
Part VI ConclusiVe
Chapter
423(30)
Chapter 18 Towards General Principles 2.0: the Application of General Principles of Eu Law In the Digital Society
425(28)
Xavier Groussot
Anna Zemskova
Eduardo Gill-Pedro
§18.01 Introduction: Alexa, What Is the Digital Society?
425(1)
§18.02 Effects of the Technological Disruption On the Doctrine of General Principles
426(6)
§18.03 The Resilience of General Principles In the Digital Society
432(6)
§18.04 The Need to Rely On New General Principles In the Digital Society
438(6)
§18.05 From the Digital Single Market to the Irule of Law
444(5)
[ A] The Digital Single Market And the Infosphere
444(3)
[ B] Towards An Irule of Law?
447(2)
§18.06 Concluding Remarks: On Regulability In Eu Law And the "French Coast Code"
449(4)
Index 453