List of Contributors |
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xv | |
Preface |
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xix | |
1 Molecular Marker Techniques and Recent Advancements |
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1 | (21) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 What is a Molecular Marker? |
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2 | (1) |
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1.3 Classes of Molecular Markers |
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2 | (5) |
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1.3.1 Hybridization-based Markers |
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2 | (1) |
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1.3.1.1 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) |
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2 | (1) |
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1.3.1.2 Diversity Array Technology (DArTTM) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based Markers |
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3 | (4) |
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1.3.2.1 Simple-Sequence Repeats (SSRs) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.3.2.2 Sequence-Tagged Sites (STSs) |
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4 | (1) |
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1.3.2.3 Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) |
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4 | (2) |
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1.3.2.4 Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions (SCARS) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.3.2.5 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.3.2.6 Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.4 Sequencing-based Markers |
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7 | (1) |
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1.4.1 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) |
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7 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Identification of SNP in a Pregenomic Era |
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7 | (1) |
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1.5 Recent Advances in Molecular Marker Technologies |
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7 | (5) |
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1.5.1 Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) |
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8 | (1) |
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1.5.2 Whole-Genome Resequencing (WGR) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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1.5.4 Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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1.7 Application of Molecular Markers |
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13 | (2) |
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1.7.1 Application of Molecular Markers in Crop Improvement |
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13 | (1) |
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1.7.2 Role of Molecular Markers in Germplasm Characterization |
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14 | (1) |
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1.7.3 Deployment of Molecular Markers in Plant Variety Protection and Registration |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (7) |
2 High-throughput Genotyping Platforms |
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22 | (16) |
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22 | (1) |
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2.2 SNP Genotyping Platforms |
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23 | (12) |
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2.2.1 SNP Genotyping Versus SNP Discovery |
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23 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Types of SNP Genotyping Platforms |
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24 | (10) |
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2.2.2.1 Allelic Discrimination |
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24 | (6) |
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2.2.2.2 Allelic Detection |
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30 | (4) |
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2.2.3 Custom Assay Technologies |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (3) |
3 Opportunity and Challenges for Whole-Genome Resequencing-based Genotyping in Plants |
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38 | (14) |
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38 | (2) |
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3.2 Basic Steps Involved in Whole-Genome Sequencing and Resequencing |
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40 | (1) |
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3.3 Whole-Genome Resequencing Mega Projects in Different Crops |
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41 | (2) |
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3.3.1 1K Arabidopsis Genomes Resequencing Project |
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41 | (1) |
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3.3.2 3K Rice Genomes Resequencing Project |
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41 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Soybean Whole-Genome Resequencing |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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3.4 Whole-Genome Pooled Sequencing |
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43 | (1) |
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3.5 Pinpointing Gene Through Whole-Genome Resequencing-based QTL Mapping |
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44 | (1) |
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3.6 Online Resources for Whole-Genome Resequencing Data |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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3.6.2 Rice Functional and Genomic Breeding |
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45 | (1) |
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3.6.3 Genome Variation Map |
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45 | (1) |
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3.7 Applications and Successful Examples of Whole-Genome Resequencing |
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45 | (1) |
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3.8 Challenges for Whole-Genome Resequencing Studies |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (4) |
4 QTL Mapping Using Advanced Mapping Populations and High-throughput Genotyping |
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52 | (28) |
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52 | (1) |
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4.2 The Basic Objectives of QTL Mapping |
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53 | (1) |
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4.3 QTL Mapping Procedure |
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53 | (1) |
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4.4 The General Steps for QTL Mapping |
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53 | (1) |
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4.5 Factors Influencing QTL Analysis |
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53 | (1) |
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4.6 QTL Mapping Approaches |
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54 | (3) |
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4.7 Statistical Methods for QTL Mapping |
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57 | (4) |
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4.8 Software for QTL Mapping |
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61 | (1) |
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4.9 Bi-parental Mapping Populations |
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61 | (2) |
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4.10 QTL Mapping Using Bi-parental Populations |
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63 | (1) |
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4.11 Multiparental Mapping Populations |
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64 | (1) |
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4.11.1 Nested Association Mapping (NAM) |
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64 | (1) |
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4.11.2 Multi-advanced Generation Inter-cross Populations (MAGIC) |
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65 | (1) |
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4.12 QTL Mapping Using Multiparental Populations |
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65 | (1) |
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4.13 Use of High-throughput Genotyping for QTL Mapping |
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66 | (3) |
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4.13.1 PCR-based SNP Genotyping |
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67 | (2) |
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4.14 Next-Generation Sequencing-based Genotyping |
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69 | (3) |
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4.14.1 Restriction-Site-Associated DNA Sequencing (RAD-seq) |
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69 | (1) |
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4.14.2 Genotyping-by-Sequencing |
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69 | (1) |
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4.14.3 Whole-Genome Resequencing |
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70 | (2) |
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4.15 Challenges with QTL Mapping Using Multiparental Populations and High-throughput Genotyping |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (8) |
5 Genome-Wide Association Study: Approaches, Applicability, and Challenges |
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80 | (32) |
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80 | (1) |
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5.2 Methodology to Conduct GWAS in Crops |
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81 | (3) |
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5.3 Statistical Modeling in GWAS |
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84 | (1) |
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5.4 Efficiency of GWAS with Different Marker Types |
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85 | (1) |
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5.5 Computational Tools for GWAS |
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86 | (1) |
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5.6 GWAS Challenges for Complex Traits |
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86 | (1) |
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5.7 Factors Challenging the GWAS for Complex Traits |
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87 | (1) |
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5.8 GWAS Applications in Major Crops |
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88 | (10) |
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88 | (4) |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (2) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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5.9 Candidate Gene Identification at GWAS Loci |
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98 | (3) |
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101 | (1) |
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5.11 GWAS vs. QTL Mapping |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (10) |
6 Genotyping of Seeds While Preserving Their Viability |
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112 | (29) |
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112 | (4) |
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114 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Genotyping-by-Sequencing |
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115 | (1) |
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6.2 Genotyping-by-Sequencing with Minimum DNA |
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116 | (1) |
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6.3 DNA Extraction from Half Grain |
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117 | (5) |
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6.3.1 DNA Extraction from Rice Seeds |
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119 | (1) |
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6.3.2 DNA Extraction from Wheat and Barley Seeds |
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120 | (1) |
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6.3.3 DNA Extraction from Maize Seeds |
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120 | (1) |
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6.3.4 DNA Extraction from Soybean Seeds |
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121 | (1) |
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6.3.5 DNA Extraction from Cotton Seeds |
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121 | (1) |
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6.3.6 DNA Extraction from Papaya Seeds |
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121 | (1) |
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6.3.7 DNA Extraction from Watermelon Seeds |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (3) |
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6.5 Applications of GBS as Diagnostic Tool |
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125 | (4) |
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6.5.1 Germplasm Conservation and Quality Control |
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125 | (1) |
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6.5.2 Tracking Crop Varieties |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (2) |
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6.5.4 Transgenic Detection |
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128 | (1) |
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6.5.5 Detection of Seed-borne Diseases |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (12) |
7 Genomic Selection: Advances, Applicability, and Challenges |
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141 | (20) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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7.4 Marker-assisted Selection |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (2) |
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7.6 Genotyping for Genomic Selection |
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147 | (3) |
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7.7 Integration of Genomic Selection in MAS Program |
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150 | (1) |
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7.8 The Efficiency of Genomic Selection for Complex Traits |
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150 | (2) |
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7.9 Integration of Genomic Selection in the Varietal Trial Program |
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152 | (3) |
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7.10 Cost Comparison of GS vs MAS |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (6) |
8 Analytical Pipelines for the GBS Analysis |
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161 | (27) |
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161 | (3) |
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164 | (1) |
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8.3 NGS Sequencing Platforms |
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164 | (3) |
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8.3.1 Sequencing by Synthesis |
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164 | (1) |
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8.3.1.1 Roche 454 Pyrosequencing |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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8.3.2 Sequencing by Ligation |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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8.3.3 Single-Molecule Sequencing |
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166 | (5) |
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166 | (1) |
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8.3.3.2 Pacific Bioscience |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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8.4 Tools for NGS Data Analysis |
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167 | (4) |
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8.5 Generalized Procedure for NGS Data Analysis |
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171 | (4) |
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8.5.1 Assessment of Quality |
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172 | (2) |
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174 | (1) |
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8.5.3 Identification of Variants |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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8.6.1 Visualization of NGS Data |
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175 | (1) |
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8.7 Role of NGS Informatics in Identifying Variants |
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175 | (1) |
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8.8 Genotyping by Sequencing |
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176 | (1) |
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8.9 Analytical Pipelines for GBS |
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176 | (4) |
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8.10 Comparison of GBS Pipelines |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (7) |
9 Recent Advances and Applicability of GBS, GWAS, and GS in Maize |
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188 | (30) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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9.3 Importance of Genomics and Genotyping-based Applications in Maize Breeding Programs |
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190 | (1) |
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9.4 GBS-based QTL Mapping in Maize |
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191 | (8) |
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9.5 GBS Protocols and Analytical Pipelines for Maize |
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199 | (2) |
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9.6 Maize Genome Sequencing and Resequencing |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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9.7 Genotyping-by-Sequencing-based GWAS and GS Efforts in Maize |
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202 | (7) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (8) |
10 Recent Advances and Applicability of GBS, GWAS, and GS in Soybean |
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218 | (32) |
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Prashant Raghunath Shingote |
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Dhananjay Narayanrao Gotarkar |
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Omkar Maharudra Limbalkar |
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218 | (3) |
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10.1.1 Importance of Soybean for Global Food Security |
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218 | (2) |
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10.1.2 Challenges in Soybean Production |
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220 | (1) |
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10.1.3 Soybean Genetic Improvement |
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221 | (1) |
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10.2 GBS Efforts in Soybean |
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221 | (1) |
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10.3 High-Density Linkage Maps in Soybean |
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222 | (3) |
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10.4 GBS Protocols and Analytical Pipelines for Soybean |
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225 | (2) |
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10.5 GBS-based QTL Mapping Efforts in Soybean |
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227 | (3) |
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10.6 Soybean Genome Sequencing and Resequencing |
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230 | (3) |
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10.7 GBS-based GWAS Efforts in Soybean |
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233 | (7) |
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10.7.1 The General Procedure for Association Mapping |
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233 | (1) |
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10.7.2 Approaches Used for Association Studies |
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234 | (6) |
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10.8 GBS-based Genomic Selection Efforts in Soybean |
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240 | (3) |
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243 | (7) |
11 Advances and Applicability of Genotyping Technologies in Cotton Improvement |
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250 | (20) |
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250 | (1) |
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11.2 Challenges due to Polyploidy in Cotton |
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251 | (1) |
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11.3 Applications of Genomics and Genotyping for Cotton Breeding Programs |
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251 | (2) |
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11.4 Genotyping Efforts in Cotton |
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253 | (2) |
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11.5 High-Density Linkage Maps in Cotton |
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255 | (2) |
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11.6 Whole-Genome Sequencing of Cotton Germplasm |
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257 | (2) |
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11.7 Application of GBS Technology in Cotton Research |
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259 | (1) |
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11.8 GBS-based Bi-Parental QTL Mapping and Association Mapping in Cotton |
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260 | (2) |
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262 | (1) |
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262 | (8) |
12 Recent Advances and Applicability of GBS, GWAS, and GS in Millet Crops |
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270 | (25) |
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270 | (2) |
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12.2 GBS Efforts in Millet Crops |
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272 | (3) |
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12.3 High-density Linkage Maps in Millet Crops |
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275 | (2) |
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12.4 GBS-based QTL Mapping Efforts in Millet Crops |
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277 | (3) |
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12.5 Genome Sequencing and Resequencing of Millet Crops |
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280 | (5) |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (2) |
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12.6 GBS-based GWAS Efforts in Millet Crops |
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285 | (2) |
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12.7 GBS-based Genomic Selection (GS) Efforts in Millet Crops |
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287 | (3) |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (5) |
13 Recent Advances and Applicability of GBS, GWAS, and GS in Pigeon Pea |
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295 | (11) |
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295 | (1) |
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13.2 Pigeon Pea Sequencing and Resequencing |
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296 | (1) |
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13.3 Development of Pigeon Pea High-density Genotyping Platforms |
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297 | (1) |
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13.4 Development of High-density Linkage Maps in Pigeon Pea |
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297 | (2) |
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13.5 QTL Analysis Using High-density Genotyping Platforms and GBS |
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299 | (1) |
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13.6 GWAS Efforts in Pigeon Pea |
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299 | (3) |
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13.7 Genomic Selection (GS) Efforts in Pigeon Pea |
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302 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (3) |
14 Opportunity and Challenges for High-throughput Genotyping in Sugarcane |
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306 | (22) |
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Prathima P. Thirugnanasambandam |
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306 | (1) |
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14.2 Sugarcane Genome and Genetics |
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307 | (1) |
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14.3 Genetic Studies and Marker Systems |
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308 | (1) |
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14.4 Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) |
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309 | (3) |
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14.5 SNP Calling Using GBS Pipelines |
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312 | (1) |
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14.6 Sugarcane Genome Sequencing |
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313 | (2) |
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14.7 Linkage and QTL Mapping in Sugarcane |
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315 | (3) |
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318 | (2) |
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14.9 Genomic Selection in Sugarcane |
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320 | (2) |
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322 | (1) |
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322 | (6) |
15 Recent Advances and Applicability of GBS, GWAS, and GS in Polyploid Crops |
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328 | (27) |
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328 | (1) |
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15.2 Challenges for Genotyping in Polyploidy Crops |
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329 | (1) |
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15.3 Genotyping Platforms for Barley |
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330 | (1) |
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15.4 Long-Read Sequencing-based Genotyping in Polyploid Canola |
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331 | (2) |
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15.5 Peanut Genotyping with Targeted Amplicon Sequencing |
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333 | (1) |
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15.6 SNP Genotyping Methods and Platforms Available for Sugarcane |
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334 | (2) |
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15.7 Recent Advances and Applicability of GBS, GWAS, and GS in Polyploidy Crop Species |
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336 | (2) |
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15.7.1 Linkage Maps and Mapping Software Tools for Polyploids |
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336 | (2) |
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15.8 Haplotype-based Genotyping |
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338 | (1) |
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15.9 GBS Analytical Pipelines for Polyploids |
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339 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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15.10 GBS-based QTL Mapping Efforts in Polyploids |
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340 | (3) |
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341 | (1) |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (1) |
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343 | (1) |
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15.11 GWAS and GS Using High-throughput Genotyping in Polyploidy Crops |
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343 | (2) |
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344 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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345 | (10) |
16 Recent Advances and Applicability of GBS, GWAS, and GS in Oilseed Crops |
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355 | (16) |
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355 | (1) |
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16.2 GBS Efforts in Oilseed Crops |
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356 | (1) |
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16.3 High-density Linkage Maps for Oilseed Crops |
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357 | (3) |
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16.3.1 High-density Linkage Maps for Peanut |
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357 | (1) |
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16.3.2 High-density Linkage Maps for Sunflower |
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358 | (1) |
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16.3.3 High-density Linkage Maps of Sesamum |
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358 | (1) |
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16.3.4 High-density Linkage Maps of Safflower |
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359 | (1) |
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16.3.5 High-density Linkage Maps of Linseed |
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359 | (1) |
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16.3.6 High-density Linkage Maps of Soybean |
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359 | (1) |
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16.3.7 High-density Linkage Maps of Rapeseed |
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360 | (1) |
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16.4 GBS Protocols and Analytical Pipelines |
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360 | (1) |
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16.5 GBS-based QTL Mapping Efforts in Oilseed Crops |
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361 | (4) |
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16.5.1 GBS-based QTL in Peanut |
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361 | (3) |
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16.5.2 GBS-based QTL in Soybean |
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364 | (1) |
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16.5.3 GBS-based QTL in Rapeseed |
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364 | (1) |
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16.6 GBS-based GWAS Efforts in Oilseed Crops |
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365 | (2) |
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367 | (4) |
Index |
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371 | |