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Geochemical and Biogeochemical Reaction Modeling 2nd Revised edition [Kietas viršelis]

(University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign)
  • Formatas: Hardback, 564 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 253x180x30 mm, weight: 1272 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 06-Dec-2007
  • Leidėjas: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0521875544
  • ISBN-13: 9780521875547
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Hardback, 564 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 253x180x30 mm, weight: 1272 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 06-Dec-2007
  • Leidėjas: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0521875544
  • ISBN-13: 9780521875547
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
This book provides a comprehensive overview of reaction processes in the Earth's crust and on its surface, both in the laboratory and in the field. A clear exposition of the underlying equations and calculation techniques is balanced by a large number of fully worked examples. The book uses The Geochemist's Workbench® modeling software, developed by the author and already installed at over 1000 universities and research facilities worldwide. Since publication of the first edition, the field of reaction modeling has continued to grow and find increasingly broad application. In particular, the description of microbial activity, surface chemistry, and redox chemistry within reaction models has become broader and more rigorous. These areas are covered in detail in this new edition, which was originally published in 2007. This text is written for graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of geochemistry, environmental engineering, contaminant hydrology, geomicrobiology, and numerical modeling.

Recenzijos

Review of the hardback: Reviews from the first edition: 'This book definitively demystifies geochemical modeling of water-rock reactions and makes it a breeze An outstanding book for students, teachers, researchers, and professionals ... interested in any low-temperature geochemical endeavor.' Journal of Geology Review of the hardback: 'The book is well organized, the concepts are rigorously and clearly explained, and the range of examples are relevant and interesting. The writing style is lucid and concise, and I found the book a pleasure to read. The author also takes a refreshingly balanced view of the role and limitations of modeling.' Meteoritics & Planetary Science Review of the hardback: '... this is a unique book with many valuable insights. Mathematical derivations are balanced by clear, qualitative descriptions of what is going on ... Essential reading for anyone starting off in the study of water-rock interactions, as well as being an extremely valuable reference for people already wrestling with such problems.' Bruce Yardley, Journal of Petrology Review of the hardback: ' students who have taken appropriate mathematics courses at university level will find their use of geochemical modelling enriched, becoming competent in the use of software by virtue of understanding its mathematical limitations as well as limitations imposed by analytical chemistry. Assuming that the reader is able to grapple with the theory, this book is an extremely valuable resource. It is easily accessible to a mathematically literate reader and demonstrates the breadth of application of modelling to a range of geological and engineering problems. Those lacking a strong maths background will find this book challenging but rewarding given its diversity of application and clarity of explanation.' Minerological Magazine

Daugiau informacijos

A fundamental reference for graduate students and researchers working on reaction processes in the geosciences, first published in 2007.
Preface xiii
Preface to first edition xv
A note about software xix
Introduction
1(6)
Development of chemical modeling
2(3)
Scope of this book
5(2)
Modeling overview
7(20)
Conceptual models
7(5)
Configurations of reaction models
12(10)
Uncertainty in geochemical modeling
22(5)
Part I Equilibrium in natural waters
27(164)
The equilibrium state
29(24)
Thermodynamic description of equilibrium
30(6)
Choice of basis
36(2)
Governing equations
38(12)
Number of variables and the phase rule
50(3)
Solving for the equilibrium state
53(18)
Governing equations
53(2)
Solving nonlinear equations
55(5)
Solving the governing equations
60(7)
Finding the stable phase assemblage
67(4)
Changing the basis
71(10)
Determining the transformation matrix
72(3)
Rewriting reactions
75(1)
Altering equilibrium constants
76(1)
Reexpressing bulk composition
77(4)
Equilibrium models of natural waters
81(22)
Chemical model of seawater
82(11)
Amazon River water
93(4)
Red Sea brine
97(6)
Redox disequilibrium
103(12)
Redox potentials in natural waters
103(2)
Redox coupling
105(2)
Morro do Ferro groundwater
107(3)
Energy available for microbial respiration
110(5)
Activity coefficients
115(22)
Debye-Huckel methods
117(6)
Virial methods
123(4)
Comparison of the methods
127(6)
Brine deposit at Sebkhat El Melah
133(4)
Sorption and ion exchange
137(18)
Distribution coefficient (κd) approach
137(3)
Freundlich isotherms
140(1)
Langmuir isotherms
141(2)
Ion exchange
143(3)
Numerical solution
146(4)
Example calculations
150(5)
Surface complexation
155(14)
Complexation reactions
156(4)
Governing equations
160(1)
Numerical solution
161(3)
Example calculation
164(5)
Automatic reaction balancing
169(12)
Calculation procedure
169(6)
Dissolution of pyrite
175(1)
Equilibrium equations
176(5)
Uniqueness
181(10)
The question of uniqueness
182(1)
Examples of nonunique solutions
182(7)
Coping with nonuniqueness
189(2)
Part II Reaction processes
191(126)
Mass transfer
193(8)
Simple reactants
193(3)
Extracting the overall reaction
196(2)
Special configurations
198(3)
Polythermal, fixed, and sliding paths
201(16)
Polythermal reaction paths
201(2)
Fixed activity and fugacity paths
203(4)
Sliding activity and fugacity paths
207(10)
Geochemical buffers
217(14)
Buffers in solution
218(4)
Minerals as buffers
222(6)
Gas buffers
228(3)
Kinetics of dissolution and precipitation
231(14)
Kinetic rate laws
232(4)
From laboratory to application
236(2)
Numerical solution
238(2)
Example calculations
240(2)
Modeling strategy
242(3)
Redox kinetics
245(12)
Rate laws for oxidation and reduction
246(2)
Heterogeneous catalysis
248(2)
Enzymes
250(2)
Numerical solution
252(2)
Example calculation
254(3)
Microbial kinetics
257(12)
Microbial respiration and fermentation
257(3)
Monod equation
260(1)
Thermodynamically consistent rate laws
261(2)
General kinetic model
263(2)
Example calculation
265(4)
Stable isotopes
269(16)
Isotope fractionation
270(2)
Mass balance equations
272(3)
Fractionation in reacting systems
275(4)
Dolomitization of a limestone
279(6)
Transport in flowing groundwater
285(16)
Groundwater flow
285(2)
Mass transport
287(5)
Advection-dispersion equation
292(2)
Numerical solution
294(5)
Example calculation
299(2)
Reactive transport
301(16)
Mathematical model
301(5)
Numerical solution
306(4)
Example calculations
310(7)
Part III Applied reaction modeling
317(168)
Hydrothermal fluids
319(22)
Origin of a fluorite deposit
320(5)
Black smokers
325(6)
Energy available to thermophiles
331(10)
Geothermometry
341(16)
Principles of geothermometry
342(5)
Hot spring at Hveravik, Iceland
347(3)
Geothermal fields in Iceland
350(7)
Evaporation
357(16)
Springs and saline lakes of the Sierra Nevada
357(5)
Chemical evolution of Mono Lake
362(5)
Evaporation of seawater
367(6)
Sediment diagenesis
373(14)
Dolomite cement in the Gippsland basin
374(4)
Lyons sandstone, Denver basin
378(9)
Kinetics of water-rock interaction
387(18)
Approach to equilibrium and steady state
387(6)
Quartz deposition in a fracture
393(2)
Silica transport in an aquifer
395(2)
Ostwald's step rule
397(3)
Dissolution of albite
400(5)
Weathering
405(10)
Rainwater infiltration in an aquifer
405(4)
Weathering in a soil
409(6)
Oxidation and reduction
415(12)
Uranyl reduction by ferrous iron
415(3)
Autocatalytic oxidation of manganese
418(4)
Microbial degradation of phenol
422(5)
Waste injection wells
427(8)
Caustic waste injected in dolomite
428(3)
Gas blowouts
431(4)
Petroleum reservoirs
435(14)
Sulfate scaling in North Sea oil fields
436(6)
Alkali flooding
442(7)
Acid drainage
449(12)
Role of atmospheric oxygen
450(3)
Buffering by wall rocks
453(3)
Fate of dissolved metals
456(5)
Contamination and remediation
461(10)
Contamination with inorganic lead
462(6)
Groundwater chromatography
468(3)
Microbial communities
471(14)
Arsenate reduction by Bacillus arsenicoselenatis
471(6)
Zoning in an aquifer
477(8)
Appendix 1 Sources of modeling software 485(6)
Appendix 2 Evaluating the HMW activity model 491(8)
Appendix 3 Minerals in the LLNL database 499(8)
Appendix 4 Nonlinear rate laws 507(2)
References 509(27)
Index 536


Craig Bethke is a Professor at the Department of Geology, University of Illinois, specializing in mathematical modeling of subsurface and surficial processes. He won the O. E. Meinzer Award from the Geological Society of America and is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science; he has worked in France and Australia, as well as the United States.