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El. knyga: Geoinformatics in Theory and Practice: An Integrated Approach to Geoinformation Systems, Remote Sensing and Digital Image Processing

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This textbook is intended to display a broad, methodological introduction to geoinformatics and geoinformation science. It deals with the recording, modeling, processing and analysis as well as presenting and distributing of geodata. As an integrated approach it is dedicated to the multidisciplinary application of methods and concepts of computer science to solve spatial tasks. First the reader receives an introduction to the approach and tasks of geoinformatics, basic concepts and general principles of information processing as well as essentials of computer science. Then this textbook focuses on the following topics: spatial reference systems, digital spatial data, interoperability of spatial data, visualization of spatial information, data organization and database systems, geoinformation systems, remote sensing and digital image processing.

The result is a comprehensive manual for studies and practical applications in geoinformatics. It serves also as a basis to support and deepen methodological courses in geography, geology, geodesy and surveying as well as all environmental sciences. In this first English edition, the author has updated and significantly expanded the fourth German edition. New additions include the development of apps, graphical presentation on the web, geodata-bases and recent methods of classification.

This book is based on the original German 4th edition Geoinformatik in Theorie und Praxis by Norbert de Lange, published by Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature in 2020 and still presents the only integrated perspective on geoinformatics and geoinformation science. This book was translated with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com) first and then significantly revised with regard to technical terms and special topics of geoinformatics.

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Approach and tasks of geoinformatics.- 1.2 Geoinformatics and computer science.- 2 Basic terms and general principles of information processing.- 2.1 Information, message, datum.- 2.2 Automat, computer, program, hardware and software.- 2.3 EVA principle of information processing.- 2.4 Algorithms and programs in computer systems.- 2.5 Representation of information in computer systems by bit sequences.- 2.6 Structure of a computer system: hardware.- 2.7 Structure of a computer system: software.- 2.8 Networks and networking.- 3.1 Architecture of computer systems.- 3.2 Programming of computer systems.- 3.3 Data and data types.- 3.4 Algorithms and software.- 2.8 Networks and networking.- 2.8 Computer systems. 2.8 Networks and networking.- 3 Fundamentals from computer science.- 3.1 Architecture of computer systems.- 3.2 Programming of computer systems.- 3.3 Data and data types.- 3.4 Algorithms.- 3.5 Basic algorithms of geoinformatics.- 3.6 Software development.- 4 Spatial objects and reference systems.- 4.1 Geoobjects.- 4.2 Coordinate systems.- 4.3 Map network designs.- 4.4 Fundamentals of geodetic reference systems.- 4.5 Geodetic images.- 5 Digital spatial data: Data acquisition, geospatial base data and VGI.- 5.1 Basic concepts.- 5.2 Digital secondary acquisition of geometric data.- 5.3 Satellite-based location determination and acquisition of 3D position coordinates.- 5.4 Airborne laser scanning.- 5.5 Basic geospatial data.- 5.6 Volunteered geographic information.- 6 Standards and interoperability of geospatial data.- 6.1 Standardization and interoperability.- 6.2 Standardization institutions.- 6.3 Standards for modeling geospatial data.- 6.4 Spatial data services.- 6.5 Metadata.- 6.6 Quality of data and spatial data.- 6.7 Building spatial data infrastructures.- 7 Visualization of spatial information.- 7.1 Graphical information processing.- 7.2 Cartographic communication.- 7.3 Graphical semiology.- 7.4 Graphical design tools.- 7.5 Use of color.- 8 Data organization and database systems.- 8.1 Data organization.- 8.2 Database design with ER modeling.- 8.3 The relational data model.- 8.3 The relational data model. 8.3 The relational data model.- 8.4 Working with a relational database system.- 8.5 Data consistencies.- 8.6 Extensions.- 9 Geo-information systems.- 9.1 Concepts of digital information systems and geo-information systems.- 9.2 Modeling geo-objects in a geo-information system.- 9.3 Processing and analyzing geo-objects in the vector model.- 9.4 Processing and analyzing geo-objects in the raster model.- 9.5 Network analysis.- 9.6 Spatial interpolation.- 9.6 Spatial interpolation. 9.6 Spatial interpolation and modeling of surfaces.- 9.7 Trends.- 10 Remote sensing and digital image processing.- 10.1 Definitions and applications of remote sensing.- 10.2 Approach of remote sensing and digital image processing.- 10.3 Physical basics.- 10.4 Important acquisition systems.- 10.5 Digital images.- 10.6 Digital image processing.- 10.7 Multispectral classification.- Bibliography.- Index.

Norbert de Lange studied geography and mathematics in Bochum, taught and conducted research at the Institutes of Geography at the Universities of Münster and Osnabrück. In 2005, he was involved in founding the Institute for Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing at the University of Osnabrück, which has since merged with the Institute for Computer Science, where he has been Professor of Environmental Informatics and Municipal Planning since 2016. His main research focuses on applications of geoinformatics in urban and regional planning. He has taught a variety of courses on geoinformation systems, digital cartography and data analysis in earth sciences for more than 40 years.
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