Geology June 2005 Vol 54/2 []

CONTENTS & ABSTRACTS

InEnglish. Summaries in Estonian

Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences.

Geology



Volume 54 No. 2June 2005



Harmonic and disharmonic soil-type interference on LatePleistocene and Holocene sediments in Northeast Germany; 75–86

Gerhard Reuter

Abstract. Using colour photos and a specifichorizon nomenclature, soil profiles in Northeast Germanyare presented, which show characteristic features of harmonic development underrecent climatic conditions, and disharmonicdevelopment with the joint appearance of Lessivé, BrownEarth, Podzol, and Pseudogley features on till. Takinginto account studies in other climatic regions, the disharmonic development isinterpreted as resulting from changing climate during the Holocene. Furthermore,in the relatively low-precipitation coastal area, a relict Chernozem (from theBoreal) has been subject to BrownEarth development. So-called Iron-HumusPodzols on older dune sands arereinterpreted as resulting from disharmonic development with ferralluviationduring the Preboreal period.

Key words: soil types, soildevelopment, change in climate, Holocene, Northeast Germany.

Chitinozoansof the Margachitina margaritana Biozone and the Llandovery–Wenlockboundary in West Estonian drill cores; 87–111

Viiu Nestor

Abstract. The succession of chitinozoan taxa in the uppermost Llandoveryand lowermost Wenlock of the Viki, Ohesaare,Kaugatuma, and Ruhnu drill core sections is described and correlated withthe global stratotype section of the basalWenlock in Hughley Brook, Shropshire, England. The most importantbiomarkers for the identification of the Llandovery–Wenlock boundary inEstonian sections are the disappearancelevels of Ramochitina nestorae, Conochitina acuminata, C. cf. flamma,and Angochitina longicollis. In the West Estonian cores this boundarycorresponds to a level in the middle or upperpart of the Margachitina margaritana Biozone. In the Viki and Ohesaarecores it coincides with the bentonitelayers above the accepted boundary between the Adavere and Jaani regionalstages and correlates with a level in the middle of the murchisonigraptolite Biozone. Three new species, Belonechitinaoeselensis, Ancyrochitina mullinsi, and Eisenackitina inanulifera,are described.

Key words: chitinozoans, correlation, Llandovery, Wenlock, Silurian,Estonia.

Thermalbehaviour of bone apatite of Recent pike (Esoxlucius L.); 112–118

Jüri Nemliher and Toivo Kallaste

Abstract. Thermal properties of bioapatite of Recent pike (Esox lucius L.) vertebrae werestudied by means of thewhole-pattern-fitting XRD technique. The sample was gradually heated up to 900 °C. Weight loss of the sample heated up to 900 °C was about 3.05 wt%. The apatite heated up to 900 °C had lattice parameters a = 9.419 Åand c = 6.881 Å. Recrystallization of crystallitestook place during heating, being the strongest attemperatures higher than 600 °C. At the temperatureof 900 °C crystallites achieved the dimensions over 1000 ´ 1000 Å.

Key words: bioapatite, XRD whole-pattern-fitting, thermal behaviour,fossilization.

Developmentand protection of the coasts in the Tallinn area; 119–136

Heino Levald and Ain Valdmann

Abstract. Thepaper deals with the protection of the coastal areas of Tallinn and theirprimary development into harbours. The coast and coastalbuildings are endangered by strong storm waves, especially in case of a highsea accompanying the storm. Due to the influence of waves, the coastal terracerecedes towards the land; in the bays the sands are whether deposited or sweptaway. Storms have caused major destructionto the coasts of Aegna Island and the Kakumäe Peninsula. The coastalarea owners, the local authorities, and the organs of the state should takemeasures to protect the coasts throughmutual cooperation and improvement of the valid legislation. The coasts andharbours within the boundaries ofTallinn are predominantly state-owned. In planning the development of theharbours it is necessary to reckon with the increase in passenger transport andsea tourism, environmental protection, safety and economic interests ofthe city, which have so far been some­what neglected. Tallinn Municipality hasbegun to rearrange the administration of the coasts and harbours located withinthe city borders. Muuga Harbour plays a special role in further protection ofcoasts and development of harbours and could take over a major part of cargotransport within the boundaries of Tallinn.To ensure the safety of the harbour, a breakwater has to be constructed,however, it is a complicated and expensive task due to difficultgeological conditions. The research conducted showsthat the breakwater would increase considerably the safety of the harbour andis economically cost-effective.

Key words: Tallinn,coast, coastal reinforcement, harbour, breakwaters, environmental impact, cost-benefit analysis.

Commenton “Application of OSL and 10Be techniques to the establishment ofdeglaciation chronology in Estonia” by Anto Raukas (2004);137–138

Vincent R. Rinterknecht and PeterU. Clark

Instructions to authors; 139–141

CopyrightTransfer Agreement; 142