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El. knyga: Geology of Stratigraphic Sequences

  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 29-Jun-2013
  • Leidėjas: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783662033807
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Geology of Stratigraphic SequencesDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 29-Jun-2013
  • Leidėjas: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783662033807
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This book provides a unique survey of the worldwide database of sequence stratigraphy, reviews the methods for describing sequences and assessing causes of sequence generation, and provides an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms of sequence development. The book reviews the present status of global cycle correlation and the hypothesis of global eustacy, and examines the applications of sequence stratigraphy to studies in practical petroleum geology. Students, lecturers, researchers, and practitioners are provided with a critical, but balanced, appraisal of modern concepts in this rapidly developing and controversial area. Ideas and concepts originating from a wide range of individuals and "schools" of thought are discussed and evaluated. A very extensive bibliography is included.

This book provides an independent and critical assessment of sequence stratigraphy, an important and growing area of sedimentological and stratigraphic science. It contains numerous illustrations and an extensive bibliography.
I Review of Current Concepts 1(76)
Introduction
3(12)
Sequence Stratigraphy: A New Paradigm?
3(1)
From Sloss to Vail
3(6)
Problems and Research Trends: The Current Status
9(2)
Stratigraphic Terminology
11(4)
Methods for Studying Sequence Stratigraphy
15(34)
Introduction
15(1)
Erecting a Sequence Framework
15(15)
The Importance of Unconformities
15(6)
Facies Cycles
21(1)
Stratigraphic Architecture: The Seismic Method
22(8)
Methods for Assessing Regional and Global Changes in Sea Level, Other Than Seismic Stratigraphy
30(18)
Areas and Volumes of Stratigraphic Units
30(1)
Hypsometric Curves
31(2)
Backstripping
33(7)
Sea-Level Estimation from Paleoshorelines and Other Fixed Points
40(3)
Documentation of Meter-Scale Cycles
43(5)
Integrated Tectonic-Stratigraphic Analysis
48(1)
The Four Basic Types of Stratigraphic Cycle
49(8)
Introduction
49(2)
The Supercontinent Cycle
51(1)
Cycles with Episodicities of Tens of Millions of Years
52(1)
Cycles with Million-Year Episodicities
53(3)
Cycles with Episodicities of Less Than One Million Years
56(1)
The Basic Sequence Model
57(14)
Introduction
57(1)
Terminology
57(2)
Depositional Systems and Systems Tracts
59(6)
Sequence Boundaries
65(2)
Other Sequence Concepts
67(4)
The Global Cycle Chart
71(6)
II The Stratigraphic Framework 77(106)
Cycles with Episodicities of Tens to Hundreds of Millions of Years
79(20)
Climate, Sedimentation, and Biogenesis
79(2)
The Supercontinent Cycle
81(4)
The Tectonic-Stratigraphic Model
83(1)
The Phanerozoic Record
83(2)
Cycles with Episodicities of Tens of Millions of Years
85(13)
Intercontinental Correlations
85(3)
Tectonostratigraphic Sequences
88(10)
Main Conclusions
98(1)
Cycles with Million-Year Episodicities
99(40)
Extensional and Rifted Clastic Continental Margins
99(2)
Foreland Basin of the North American Western Interior
101(7)
Other Foreland Basins
108(7)
Forearc Basins
115(5)
Backarc Basins
120(5)
Cyclothems and Mesothems
125(3)
Carbonate Cycles of Platforms and Craton Margins
128(9)
Evidence of Cyclicity in the Deep Oceans
137(1)
Main Conclusions
138(1)
Cycles with Episodicities of Less Than One Million Years
139(44)
Introduction
139(1)
Neogene Clastic Cycles of Continental Margins
139(10)
Pre-Neogene Marine Carbonate and Clastic Cycles
149(8)
Late Paleozoic Cyclothems
157(4)
Lacustrine Clastic and Chemical Rhythms
161(6)
Clastic Cycles of Foreland Basins
167(13)
Main Conclusions
180(3)
III Mechanisms 183(88)
Long-Term Eustasy and Epeirogeny
185(16)
Mantle Processes and Dynamic Topography
185(1)
Supercontinent Cycles
185(6)
Cycles with Episodicities of Tens of Millions of Years
191(8)
Eustasy
191(7)
Dynamic Topography and Epeirogeny
198(1)
Main Conclusions
199(2)
Milankovitch Processes
201(24)
Introduction
201(1)
The Nature of Milankovitch Processes
202(12)
Components of Orbital Forcing
202(1)
Basic Climatology
202(3)
Variations with Time in Orbital Periodicities
205(1)
Isostasy and Geoid Changes
206(1)
The Nature of the Cyclostratigraphic Data Base
206(2)
The Sensitivity of the Earth to Glaciation
208(2)
Glacioeustasy in the Mesozoic?
210(1)
Nonglacial Milankovitch Cyclicity
211(3)
The Cenozoic Record
214(2)
Late Paleozoic Cyclothems
216(6)
The End-Ordovician Glaciation
222(1)
Main Conclusions
222(3)
Tectonic Mechanisms
225(46)
Introduction
225(3)
Rifting and Thermal Evolution of Divergent Plate Margins
228(10)
Basic Geophysical Models and Their Implications for Sea-Level Change
228(5)
Some Results from the Analysis of Modern Data Sets
233(5)
Tectonism on Convergent Plate Margins and in Collision Zones
238(17)
Magmatic Arcs and Subduction
238(1)
Tectonism Versus Eustasy in Foreland Basins
239(4)
The North American Western Interior Basin
243(7)
The Appalachian Foreland Basin
250(1)
Pyrenean and Himalayan Basins
251(1)
Rates of Uplift and Subsidence
252(2)
Discussion
254(1)
Intraplate Stress
255(8)
The Pattern of Global Stress
255(1)
In-Plane Stress as a Control of Sequence Architecture
256(3)
In-Plane Stress and Regional Histories of Sea-Level Change
259(4)
Basement Control
263(1)
Other Speculative Tectonic Hypotheses
264(1)
Sediment Supply and the Importance of Big Rivers
265(4)
Environmental Change
269(1)
Main Conclusions
269(2)
IV Chronostratigraphy and Correlation: Why the Global Cycle Chart Should Be Abandoned 271(52)
Time in Sequence Stratigraphy
273(8)
Introduction
273(1)
Hierarchies of Time and the Completeness of the Stratigraphic Record
273(6)
Main Conclusions
279(2)
Correlation, and the Potential for Error
281(28)
Introduction
281(1)
The New Paradigm of Geological Time?
282(2)
The Dating and Correlation of Stratigraphic Events: Potential Sources of Uncertainty
284(16)
Identification of Sequence Boundaries
286(1)
Chronostratigraphic Meaning of Unconformities
286(2)
Determination of the Biostratigraphic Framework
288(1)
The Problem of Incomplete Biostratigraphic Recovery
288(1)
Diachroneity of the Biostratigraphic Record
289(2)
The Value of Quantitative Biostratigraphic Methods
291(2)
Assessment of Relative Biostratigraphic Precision
293(2)
Correlation of Biozones with the Global Stage Framework
295(1)
Assignment of Absolute Ages
296(2)
Implications for the Exxon Global Cycle Chart
298(2)
Correlating Regional Sequence Frameworks with the Global Cycle Chart
300(6)
Circular Reasoning from Regional Data
300(2)
A Rigorous Test of the Global Cycle Chart
302(2)
A Correlation Experiment
304(2)
Discussion
306(1)
Main Conclusions
306(3)
Sea-Level Curves Compared
309(14)
Introduction
309(1)
The Exxon Curves: Revisions, Errors, and Uncertainties
309(2)
Other Sea-Level Curves
311(9)
Cretaceous Sea-Level Curves
313(3)
Jurassic Sea-Level Curves
316(4)
Why Does the Exxon Global Cycle Chart Contain So Many More Events Than Other Sea-Level Curves?
320(1)
Main Conclusions
320(3)
V Approaches to a Modern Sequence-Stratigraphic Framework 323(50)
Elaboration of the Basic Sequence Model
325(40)
Introduction
325(1)
Definitions
325(12)
The Hierarchy of Units and Bounding Surfaces
325(6)
Systems Tracts and Sequence Boundaries
331(6)
The Sequence Stratigraphy of Clastic Depositional Systems
337(20)
Fluvial Deposits and Their Relationship to Sea-Level Change
337(4)
The Concept of the Bayline
341(2)
Deltas, Beach-Barrier Systems, and Estuaries
343(7)
Shelf Systems: Sand Shoals and Condensed Sections
350(5)
Slope and Rise Systems
355(2)
The Sequence Stratigraphy of Carbonate Depositional Systems
357(4)
Platform Carbonates: Catch-Up Versus Keep-Up
357(3)
Carbonate Slopes
360(1)
Pelagic Carbonate Environments
361(1)
Main Conclusions
361(4)
Numerical and Graphical Modeling of Sequences
365(8)
Introduction
365(1)
Model Design
366(3)
Selected Examples of Model Results
369(3)
Main Conclusions
372(1)
VI Discussion and Conclusions 373(24)
Implications for Petroleum Geology
375(10)
Introduction
375(1)
Integrated Tectonic-Stratigraphic Analysis
375(3)
The Basis of the Methodology
375(1)
The Development of an Allostratigraphic Framework
375(1)
Choice of Sequence-Stratigraphic Models
376(1)
The Search for Mechanisms
377(1)
Reservoir Characterization
377(1)
Controversies in Practical Sequence Analysis
378(6)
The Case of the Tocito Sandstone, New Mexico
378(1)
The Case of Gippsland Basin, Australia
378(4)
Conclusions: A Modified Approach to Sequence Analysis for Practicing Petroleum Geologists and Geophysicists
382(2)
Main Conclusions
384(1)
Conclusions and Recommendations
385(12)
Sequences in the Stratigraphic Record
385(1)
Long-Term Stratigraphic Cycles
385(1)
Cycles with Million-Year Episodicities
385(1)
Cycles with Episodicities of Less Than One Million Years
386(1)
Mechanisms
386(3)
Long-Term Eustasy and Epeirogeny
386(1)
Milankovitch Processes
387(1)
Tectonic Mechanisms
387(2)
Chronostratigraphy and Correlation
389(1)
Concepts of Time
389(1)
Correlation Problems, and the Basis of the Global Cycle Chart
389(1)
Comparison of Sea-Level Curves
390(1)
Modern Sequence Analysis
390(2)
Elaboration of the Basic Sequence Model
390(1)
Numerical and Graphical Modeling of Stratigraphic Sequences
391(1)
Implications for Petroleum Geology
392(1)
The Global-Eustasy Paradigm: Working Backwards from the Answer?
392(3)
The Exxon Factor
392(3)
Conclusions
395(1)
Recommendations
395(2)
References 397(26)
Author Index 423(6)
Subject Index 429


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