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Geometry For Dummies Education Bundle 2nd Revised edition [Minkštas viršelis]

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  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 420 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 255x205x37 mm, weight: 998 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 10-Aug-2012
  • Leidėjas: John Wiley & Sons Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 0470537027
  • ISBN-13: 9780470537022
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 420 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 255x205x37 mm, weight: 998 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 10-Aug-2012
  • Leidėjas: John Wiley & Sons Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 0470537027
  • ISBN-13: 9780470537022
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Learning geometry doesn’t have to hurt. With a little bit of friendly guidance, it can even be fun! Geometry For Dummies, 2nd Edition, helps you make friends with lines, angles, theorems, and postulates. It eases you into all the principles and formulas you need to analyze two- and three-dimensional shapes, and it gives you the skills and strategies you need to write geometry proofs.

Before you know it, you’ll be understanding proofs like an expert. You’ll find out how a proof’s chain of logic works and discover some basic secrets for getting past rough spots. Soon, you’ll be proving triangles congruent, calculating circumferences, using formulas, and serving up pi. The non-proof parts of the book contain helpful formulas and tips that you can use anytime you need to shape up your knowledge of shapes. You’ll even get a feel for why geometry continues to draw people to careers in art, engineering, carpentry, robotics, physics, and computer animation, among others. You’ll discover how to:

  • Identify lines, angles, and planes
  • Measure segments and angles
  • Calculate the area of a triangle
  • Use tips and strategies to make proofs easier
  • Figure the volume and surface area of a pyramid
  • Bisect angles and construct perpendicular lines
  • Work with 3-D shapes
  • Work with figures in the x-y coordinate system

So quit scratching your head. Geometry For Dummies, 2nd Edition, gets you un-stumped in a hurry. When you need to shape up, open up the included Geometry Workbook For Dummies, which contains over 290 pages with hundreds of practice problems featuring ample workspace to work out the problems.  Each problem includes a step-by-step answer set to identify where you went wrong (or right). You’ll be proving yourself proof-worthy in no time!

 AUTHOR BIO: Mark Ryan owns and operates The Math Center in Chicago, a teaching and tutoring service for all math subjects as well as test preparation. He also wrote Geometry Workbook For Dummies.

Introduction 1(1)
About This Book
1(1)
Conventions Used in This Book
2(1)
What You're Not to Read
2(1)
Foolish Assumptions
3(1)
How This Book is Organized
3(3)
Getting Started with Geometry Basics
4(1)
Introducing Proofs
4(1)
Triangles: Polygons of the Three-Sided Variety
4(1)
Polygons of the Four-or-More-Sided Variety
5(1)
Working with Not-So-Vicious Circles
5(1)
Going Deep with 3-D Geometry
5(1)
Placement, Points, and Pictures: Alternative Geometry Topics
6(1)
The Part of Tens
6(1)
Appendixes
6(1)
Icons Used in This Book
6(1)
Where to Go from Here
7(2)
Part I: Getting Started With Geometry Basics
9(38)
Introducing Geometry
11(10)
Studying the Geometry of Shapes
12(2)
One-dimensional shapes
12(1)
Two-dimensional shapes
12(1)
Three-dimensional shapes
13(1)
Getting Acquainted with Geometry Proofs
14(4)
Easing into proofs with an everyday example
15(1)
Turning everyday logic into a proof
15(1)
Sampling a simple geometrical proof
16(2)
When Am I Ever Going to Use This?
18(1)
When you'll use your knowledge of shapes
18(1)
When you'll use your knowledge of proofs
19(1)
Why You Won't Have Any Trouble with Geometry
19(2)
Building Your Geometric Foundation
21(14)
Getting Down with Definitions
21(4)
A Few Points on Points
25(1)
Lines, Segments, and Rays Pointing Every Which Way
26(3)
Singling out horizontal and vertical lines
26(1)
Doubling up with pairs of lines
27(2)
Investigating the Plane Facts
29(1)
Everybody's Got an Angle
30(5)
Goldilocks and the three angles: Small, large, and just ``right''
30(1)
Angle pairs: Often joined at the hip
31(4)
Sizing Up Segments and Analyzing Angles
35(12)
Measuring Segments and Angles
35(4)
Measuring segments
35(1)
Measuring angles
36(3)
Adding and Subtracting Segments and Angles
39(1)
Cutting in Two or Three: Bisection and Trisection
40(3)
Bisecting and trisecting segments
40(2)
Bisecting and trisecting angles
42(1)
Proving (Not Jumping to) Conclusions about Figures
43(4)
Part II: Introducing Proofs
47(42)
Prelude to Proofs
49(10)
Getting the Lay of the Land: The Components of a Formal Geometry Proof
49(2)
Reasoning with If-Then Logic
51(5)
If-then chains of logic
52(1)
You've got your reasons: Definitions, theorems, and postulates
53(2)
Bubble logic for two-column proofs
55(1)
Horsing Around with a Two-Column Proof
56(3)
Your Starter Kit of Easy Theorems and Short Proofs
59(20)
Doing Right and Going Straight: Complementary and Supplementary Angles
59(4)
Addition and Subtraction: Eight No-Big-Deal Theorems
63(7)
Addition theorems
63(4)
Subtraction theorems
67(3)
Like Multiples and Like Divisions? Then These Theorems Are for You!
70(3)
The X-Files: Congruent Vertical Angles Are Out There
73(2)
Pulling the Switch with the Transitive and Substitution Properties
75(4)
The Ultimate Guide to Tackling a Longer Proof
79(10)
Making a Game Plan
80(1)
Using All the Givens
81(1)
Making Sure You Use If-Then Logic
81(2)
Chipping Away at the Problem
83(2)
Jumping Ahead and Working Backward
85(1)
Filling In the Gaps
86(2)
Writing Out the Finished Proof
88(1)
Part III: Triangles: Polygons of the Three-Sided Variety
89(60)
Grasping Triangle Fundamentals
91(16)
Taking In a Triangle's Sides
91(3)
Scalene triangles: Akilter, awry and askew
92(1)
Isosceles triangles: Nice pair o' legs
93(1)
Equilateral triangles: All parts are created equal
93(1)
Introducing the Triangle Inequality Principle
94(2)
Getting to Know Triangles by Their Angles
96(1)
Sizing Up Triangle Area
96(6)
Scaling altitudes
96(2)
Determining a triangle's area
98(4)
Locating the ``Centers'' of a Triangle
102(5)
Balancing on the centroid
102(2)
Finding three more ``centers'' of a triangle
104(3)
Regarding Right Triangles
107(16)
Applying the Pythagorean Theorem
107(6)
Perusing Pythagorean Triple Triangles
113(5)
The Fab Four Pythagorean triple triangles
113(2)
Families of Pythagorean triple triangles
115(3)
Getting to Know Two Special Right Triangles
118(5)
The 45° - 45° - 90° triangle --- half a square
118(2)
The 30° - 60° - 90° triangle --- half of an equilateral triangle
120(3)
Completing Congruent Triangle Proofs
123(26)
Introducing Three Ways to Prove Triangles Congruent
123(8)
SSS: Using the side-side-side method
124(2)
SAS: Taking the side-angle-side approach
126(2)
ASA: Taking the angle-side-angle tack
128(3)
CPCTC: Taking Congruent Triangle Proofs a Step Further
131(4)
Defining CPCTC
131(1)
Tackling a CPCTC proof
132(3)
Eying the Isosceles Triangle Theorems
135(2)
Trying Out Two More Ways to Prove Triangles Congruent
137(4)
AAS: Using the angle-angle-side theorem
137(3)
HLR: The right approach for right triangles
140(1)
Going the Distance with the Two Equidistance Theorems
141(4)
Determining a perpendicular bisector
142(1)
Using a perpendicular bisector
143(2)
Making a Game Plan for a Longer Proof
145(2)
Running a Reverse with Indirect Proofs
147(2)
Part IV: Polygons of the Four-or-More Sided Variety
149(76)
The Seven Wonders of the Quadrilateral World
151(22)
Getting Started with Parallel-Line Properties
151(6)
Crossing the line with transversals: Definitions and theorems
152(1)
Applying the transversal theorems
153(2)
Working with more than one transversal
155(2)
Meeting the Seven Members of the Quadrilateral Family
157(5)
Looking at quadrilateral relationships
158(1)
Working with auxiliary lines
159(3)
Giving Props to Quads: The Properties of Quadrilaterals
162(11)
Properties of the parallelogram
162(4)
Properties of the three special parallelograms
166(3)
Properties of the kite
169(2)
Properties of the trapezoid and the isosceles trapezoid
171(2)
Proving That You've Got a Particular Quadrilateral
173(14)
Putting Properties and Proof Methods Together
173(2)
Proving That a Quadrilateral Is a Parallelogram
175(5)
Surefire ways of ID-ing a parallelogram
176(1)
Trying some parallelogram proofs
177(3)
Proving That a Quadrilateral Is a Rectangle, Rhombus, or Square
180(5)
Revving up for rectangle proofs
181(1)
Waxing rhapsodic about rhombus proofs
182(2)
Squaring off with square proofs
184(1)
Proving That a Quadrilateral Is a Kite
185(2)
Polygon Formulas: Area, Angles, and Diagonals
187(16)
Calculating the Area of Quadrilaterals
187(8)
Setting forth the quadrilateral area formulas
188(1)
Getting behind the scenes of the formulas
188(2)
Trying a few area problems
190(5)
Finding the Area of Regular Polygons
195(4)
Presenting polygon area formulas
195(1)
Tackling more area problems
196(3)
Using Polygon Angle and Diagonal Formulas
199(4)
Interior and exterior design: Exploring polygon angles
199(1)
Handling the ins and outs of a polygon angle problem
200(1)
Criss-crossing with diagonals
201(2)
Similarity: Same Shape, Different Size
203(22)
Getting Started with Similar Figures
204(5)
Defining and naming similar polygons
204(1)
How similar figures line up
205(2)
Solving a similarity problem
207(2)
Proving Triangles Similar
209(4)
Tackling an AA proof
210(1)
Using SSS- to prove triangles similar
211(1)
Working through an SAS~ proof
212(1)
CASTC and CSSTP, the Cousins of CPCTC
213(3)
Working through a CASTC proof
214(1)
Taking on a CSSTP proof
215(1)
Splitting Right Triangles with the Altitude-on-Hypotenuse Theorem
216(3)
Getting Proportional with Three More Theorems
219(6)
The Side-Splitter Theorem: It'll make you split your sides
219(2)
Crossroads: The Side-Splitter Theorem extended
221(2)
The Angle-Bisector Theorem
223(2)
Part V: Working With Not-So-Vicious Circles
225(38)
Coming Around to Circle Basics
227(16)
The Straight Talk on Circles: Radii and Chords
228(4)
Defining radii, chords, and diameters
228(1)
Introducing five circle theorems
229(1)
Working through a proof
229(2)
Using extra radii to solve a problem
231(1)
Pieces of the Pie: Arcs and Central Angles
232(5)
Three circle definitions for your mathematical pleasure
232(1)
Six scintillating circle theorems
233(2)
Trying your hand at some proofs
235(2)
Going Off on a Tangent about Tangents
237(6)
Introducing the tangent line
237(1)
The common-tangent problem
238(3)
Taking a walk on the wild side with a walk-around problem
241(2)
Circle Formulas and Theorems
243(20)
Chewing on the Pizza Slice Formulas
243(6)
Determining arc length
244(3)
Finding sector and segment area
247(1)
Pulling it all together in a problem
248(1)
Digesting the Angle-Arc Theorems and Formulas
249(8)
Angles on a circle
250(2)
Angles inside a circle
252(2)
Angles outside a circle
254(2)
Keeping your angle-arc formulas straight
256(1)
Powering Up with the Power Theorems
257(6)
Striking a chord with the Chord-Chord Power Theorem
257(2)
Touching on the Tangent-Secant Power Theorem
259(1)
Seeking out the Secant-Secant Power Theorem
260(2)
Condensing the power theorems into a single idea
262(1)
Part VI: Going Deep with 3-D Geometry
263(24)
3-D Space: Proofs in a Higher Plane of Existence
265(8)
Lines Perpendicular to Planes
265(4)
Parallel, Perpendicular, and Intersecting Lines and Planes
269(4)
The four ways to determine a plane
269(1)
Line and plane interactions
270(3)
Getting a Grip on Solid Geometry
273(14)
Flat-Top Figures: They're on the Level
273(6)
Getting to the Point of Pointy-Top Figures
279(6)
Rounding Things Out with Spheres
285(2)
Part VII: Placement, Points, and Pictures: Alternative Geometry Topics
287(56)
Coordinate Geometry
289(18)
Getting Coordinated with the Coordinate Plane
289(2)
The Slope, Distance, and Midpoint Formulas
291(7)
The slope dope
291(3)
Going the distance with the distance formula
294(1)
Meeting each other halfway with the midpoint formula
295(1)
The whole enchilada: Putting the formulas together in a problem
295(3)
Proving Properties Analytically
298(4)
Drawing a general figure
298(2)
Solving the problem algebraically
300(2)
Deciphering Equations for Lines and Circles
302(5)
Line equations
302(1)
The standard circle equation
303(4)
Changing the Scene with Geometric Transformations
307(18)
Some Reflections on Reflections
308(4)
Getting oriented with orientation
309(1)
Finding a reflecting line
310(2)
Not Getting Lost in Translations
312(5)
A translation equals two reflections
312(2)
Finding the elements of a translation
314(3)
Turning the Tables with Rotations
317(4)
A rotation equals two reflections
317(1)
Finding the center of rotation and the equations of two reflecting lines
318(3)
Third Time's the Charm: Stepping Out with Glide Reflections
321(4)
A glide reflection equals three reflections
322(1)
Finding the main reflecting line
322(3)
Locating Loci and Constructing Constructions
325(18)
Meeting the Conditions with Loci
326(8)
The four-step process for locus problems
326(1)
Two-dimensional locus problems
326(6)
Three-dimensional locus problems
332(2)
Drawing with the Bare Essentials: Constructions
334(9)
Three copying methods
334(3)
Bisecting angles and segments
337(2)
Two perpendicular line constructions
339(2)
Constructing parallel lines and using them to divide segments
341(2)
Part VIII: The Part of Tens
343(16)
Ten Things to Use as Reasons in Geometry Proofs
345(6)
The Reflexive Property
345(1)
Vertical Angles Are Congruent
346(1)
The Parallel-Line Theorems
346(1)
Two Points Determine a Line
347(1)
All Radii of a Circle Are Congruent
347(1)
If Sides, Then Angles
348(1)
If Angles, Then Sides
348(1)
The Triangle Congruence Postulates and Theorems
349(1)
CPCTC
349(1)
The Triangle Similarity Postulates and Theorems
350(1)
Ten Cool Geometry Problems
351(8)
Eureka! Archimedes's Bathtub Revelation
351(1)
Determining Pi
352(1)
The Golden Ratio
353(1)
The Circumference of the Earth
354(1)
The Great Pyramid of Khufu
354(1)
Distance to the Horizon
355(1)
Projectile Motion
355(1)
Golden Gate Bridge
356(1)
The Geodesic Dome
357(1)
A Soccer Ball
357(2)
Part IX: Appendixes
359(16)
Appendix A: Formulas and Other Important Stuff You Should Know
361(6)
Triangle Stuff
361(1)
Polygon Stuff
362(1)
Circle Stuff
363(2)
3-D Geometry Stuff
365(1)
Coordinate Geometry Stuff
365(2)
Appendix B: Glossary
367(8)
Index 375
Introduction 1(1)
About This Book
1(1)
Conventions Used in This Book
2(1)
How to Use This Book
2(1)
Foolish Assumptions
2(1)
How This Book Is Organized
3(1)
Getting Started
3(1)
Triangles
3(1)
Polygons
3(1)
Circles
4(1)
3-D Geometry and Coordinate Geometry
4(1)
The Part of Tens
4(1)
Icons Used in This Book
4(1)
Where to Go from Here
5(2)
Part I: Getting Started
7(42)
Introducing Geometry and Geometry Proofs!
9(10)
Making the Right Assumptions: What Is Geometry?
9(3)
If-Then Logic: If You Bought This Book, Then You Must Love Geometry!
12(2)
Discovering Geometry Proofs
14(3)
Solutions for Introducting Geometry and Geometry Proofs!
17(2)
Points, Segments, Lines, Rays, and Angles
19(30)
Basic Definitions
19(1)
Union and Intersection Problems
20(2)
Division in the Ranks: Bisection and Trisection
22(2)
Perfect Hilarity for Perpendicularity
24(2)
You Complete Me: Complementary and Supplementary Angles
26(4)
Adding and Subtracting Segments and Angles
30(3)
Multiplying and Dividing Angles and Segments
33(4)
X Marks the Spot: Using Vertical Angles
37(2)
Switching It Up with the Transitive and Substitution Properties
39(3)
Solutions for Points, Segments, Lines, Rays, and Angles
42(7)
Part II: Triangles
49(64)
Triangle Fundamentals and Other Cool Stuff
51(32)
Triangle Types and Triangle Basics
51(4)
Altitudes, Area, and the Super Hero Formula
55(3)
Balancing Things Out with Medians and Centroids
58(1)
Three More ``Centers'' of a Triangle
59(5)
The Pythagorean Theorem
64(3)
Pythagorean Triple Triangles
67(3)
Unique Degrees: Two Special Right Triangles
70(4)
Solutions for Triangle Fundamentals and Other Cool Stuff
74(9)
Congruent Triangles
83(30)
Sizing Up Three Ways to Prove Triangles Congruent
83(6)
Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles Are Congruent (CPCTC)
89(4)
Isosceles Rules: If Sides, Then Angles; If Angles, Then Sides
93(3)
Two More Ways to Prove Triangles Congruent
96(3)
The Two Equidistance Theorems
99(5)
Solutions for Congruent Triangles
104(9)
Part III: Polygons
113(80)
Quadrilaterals: Your Fine, Four-Sided Friends
115(36)
Double-Crossers: Transversals and Their Parallel Lines
115(5)
Quadrilaterals: It's a Family Affair
120(3)
Properties of the Parallelogram and the Kite
123(4)
Properties of Rhombuses, Rectangles, and Squares
127(3)
Properties of Trapezoids and Isosceles Trapezoids
130(2)
Proving That a Quadrilateral Is a Parallelogram or a Kite
132(4)
Proving That a Quadrilateral Is a Rhombus, Rectangle, or Square
136(3)
Solutions for Quadrilaterals: Your Fine, Four-Sided Friends
139(12)
Area, Angles, and the Many Sides of Polygon Geometry
151(14)
Square Units: Finding the Area of Quadrilaterals
151(4)
A Standard Formula for the Area of Regular Polygons
155(2)
More Fantastically Fun Polygon Formulas
157(3)
Solutions for Area, Angles, and the Many Sides of Polygon Geometry
160(5)
Similarity: Size Doesn't Matter
165(28)
Defining Similarity: The Sincerest Flattery
165(3)
Proving Triangles Similar
168(4)
Corresponding Sides and CSSTP --- Cats Stalk Silently Then Pounce
172(3)
Similar Rights: The Altitude-on-Hypotenuse Theorem
175(3)
Three More Theorems Involving Proportions
178(5)
Solutions for Similarity: Size Doesn't Matter
183(10)
Part IV: Circles
193(34)
Circular Reasoning
195(16)
The Segments Within: Radii and Chords
195(4)
Introducing Arcs, Chords, and Central Angles
199(3)
Touching on Radii and Tangents
202(4)
Solutions for Circular Reasoning
206(5)
Scintillating Circle Formulas
211(16)
Not Quite Coming Full Circle: Area and ``Perimeter'' of Circles, Sectors, and Segments
211(3)
Angles, Circles, and Their Connections: The Angle-Arc Theorems and Formulas
214(3)
The Power Theorems That Be
217(4)
Solutions for Scintillating Circle Formulas
221(6)
Part V: 3-D Geometry and Coordinate Geometry
227(58)
2-D Stuff Standing Up
229(14)
Lines Perpendicular to Planes: They're All Right
229(4)
Parallel, Perpendicular, and Intersecting Lines and Planes
233(5)
Solutions for 2-D Stuff Standing Up
238(5)
Solid Geometry: Digging into Volume and Surface Area
243(14)
Starting with Flat-Top Figures
243(3)
Sharpening Your Skills with Pointy-Top Figures
246(3)
Rounding Out Your Understanding with Spheres
249(2)
Solutions for Solid Geometry
251(6)
Coordinate Geometry, Courtesy of Descartes
257(14)
Formulas, Schmormulas: Slope, Distance, and Midpoint
257(3)
Mastering Coordinate Proofs with Algebra
260(1)
Using the Equations of Lines and Circles
261(3)
Solutions for Coordinate Geometry, Courtesy of Descartes
264(7)
Transforming the (Geometric) World: Reflections, Rotations, and Translations
271(14)
Reflections on Mirror Images
271(3)
Les Transformations Geometriques
274(2)
So You Say You Want a...Rotation?
276(2)
Working with Glide Reflections
278(3)
Solutions for Transforming the World
281(4)
Part VI: The Part of Tens
285(10)
Ten (Plus) Incredibly Fantastic Strategies for Doing Proofs
287(4)
Look for Congruent Triangles
287(1)
Try to Find Isosceles Triangles
287(1)
Look for Radii, and Draw More Radii
288(1)
Look for Parallel Lines
288(1)
Make a Game Plan
288(1)
Use All the Givens
288(1)
Check Your If-Then Logic
288(1)
Work Backwards
289(1)
Make Up Numbers for Segments and Angles
289(1)
Think Like a Computer
289(1)
Bonus! Number 11 (Like the Amp in Spinal Tap That Goes Up to 11): Do Something!
290(1)
Ten Things You Better Know (for Geometry), or Your Name Is Mudd
291(4)
The Pythagorean Theorem (the Queen of All Geometry Theorems)
291(1)
Special Right Triangles
291(1)
Area Formulas
292(1)
Sum of Angles
292(1)
Circle Formulas
292(1)
Angle-Arc Theorems
292(1)
Power Theorems
293(1)
Coordinate Geometry Formulas
293(1)
Volume Formulas
293(1)
Surface Area Formulas
294(1)
Index 295
Mark Ryan owns and operates The Math Center in Chicago, a teaching and tutoring service for all math subjects as well as test preparation. He also wrote Geometry Workbook For Dummies.