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Geotechnics of Organic Soils and Peat [Kietas viršelis]

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(Payame Noor University, Iran), (University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia), (Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India),
  • Formatas: Hardback, 282 pages, aukštis x plotis: 246x174 mm, weight: 635 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 18-Feb-2014
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0415659418
  • ISBN-13: 9780415659413
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Geotechnics of Organic Soils and PeatDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 282 pages, aukštis x plotis: 246x174 mm, weight: 635 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 18-Feb-2014
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0415659418
  • ISBN-13: 9780415659413
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9780415659413.html
Raktažodžiai:
Civil engineers consolidate the current scientific understanding about geotechnical properties and mechanical behavior of peat and organic soils that must be taken into account when building structures on them. They cover developing peat land and types of peat, the engineering properties of peat and organic soils, the shear strength of natural peat, the deformation characteristics of peat, details of soil improvement and construction methods in peat, recent developments in the geotechnics of organic soils and peat, and the environmental geotechnics in peat and organic soils. Annotation ©2014 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

Peat and organic soils commonly occur as extremely soft, wet, unconsolidated surficial deposits that are an integral part of wetland systems. These types of soils can give rise to geotechnical problems in the area of sampling, settlement, stability, in situ testing, stabilisation and construction. There is therefore a tendency to either avoid building on these soils, or, when this is not possible, to simply remove or replace soils, which in some instances can lead to possibly uneconomical design and construction alternatives. However, in many countries of the world, these soils cover a substantial land area and pressure on land use is resulting in ever more frequent utilisation of such marginal grounds.

For the successful design, construction and performance of structures on such marginal soils, it is crucial to predict geotechnical behaviour in terms of settlement, shear strength and stability, with respect to time. This means expanding our knowledge base and calls for a reliable characterisation of their geotechnical properties and mechanical behaviour and subsequently, the devising of suitable design parameters and construction techniques for dealing with these materials.

A sound scientific understanding of the nature and functions of peat and organic soils is critical to their correct and safe use, and this book contributes by offering students, researchers, engineers and academics involved with these types of soils a comprehensive overview. This book will be useful not only to those in the field of geotechnical engineering, but also to soil scientists and agriculturalists, who are involved in the development of peatlands.

Foreword ix
About the authors xi
1 Introduction 1(12)
1.1 Soil engineering
1(1)
1.2 Types and formation of soils
1(9)
1.2.1 Residual soils
1(2)
1.2.2 Glacial soils
3(1)
1.2.3 Alluvial soils
4(1)
1.2.4 Lacustrine soils
5(1)
1.2.5 Marine soils
5(1)
1.2.6 Aeolian soils
6(1)
1.2.7 Colluvial soils
7(1)
1.2.8 Organic soils and peat
7(3)
1.3 Engineering in peat land
10(3)
2 Development of peat land and types of peat 13(30)
2.1 Introduction
13(3)
2.2 Definition of peat and organic soils
16(3)
2.3 Classification based on fibre content and degree of humification
19(4)
2.4 Development of peat land
23(8)
2.5 Site investigations and sampling of peat
31(12)
2.5.1 Disturbed but representative sampling
33(1)
2.5.2 Undisturbed sampling
34(4)
2.5.3 In situ tests
38(5)
3 Engineering properties of peat and organic soils 43(38)
3.1 Introduction
43(1)
3.2 Phases of peat
43(1)
3.3 Botanical origin and fibre content
44(1)
3.4 Fabric or structure
45(2)
3.5 Soil organic colloids
47(1)
3.6 Humification of peat
48(2)
3.7 Oxidation
50(2)
3.8 Organic content
52(1)
3.9 Water content
53(1)
3.10 Atterberg limits
54(1)
3.11 Density and specific gravity
55(3)
3.12 Surface charge properties of organic soils and peat
58(12)
3.12.1 Cation exchange capacity
58(4)
3.12.2 Zeta potential of organic soils and peat
62(7)
3.12.3 Resistivity of organic soils and peat
69(1)
3.13 Correlations between index parameters of peat
70(7)
3.13.1 Water content vs. organic content
71(1)
3.13.2 Water content vs. liquid limit
72(1)
3.13.3 Organic content vs. liquid limit
72(1)
3.13.4 Natural water content vs. dry density
72(1)
3.13.5 Specific gravity vs. organic content (loss of ignition)
73(2)
3.13.6 Bulk density vs. loss of ignition
75(2)
3.13.7 Bulk density vs. water content
77(1)
3.13.8 Compression index vs. liquid limit
77(1)
3.14 Summary of engineering properties of peat
77(4)
4 Shear strength of natural peat 81(16)
4.1 Introduction
81(2)
4.2 Laboratory testing
83(5)
4.2.1 Drained shear strength parameters
86(1)
4.2.2 Undrained shear strength parameters
86(2)
4.3 Vane shear strength
88(3)
4.4 Shear strength increase with consolidation
91(1)
4.5 Effect of pH on undrained shear strength
92(1)
4.6 Effect of cyclic loading
93(1)
4.7 Ko Behaviour
94(1)
4.8 Summary
95(2)
5 Deformation characteristics of peat 97(24)
5.1 Introduction
97(2)
5.2 Compressibility parameters of peat
99(16)
5.2.1 Compression index, cc and void ratio
103(3)
5.2.2 Coefficient of consolidation, cv
106(5)
5.2.3 Secondary compression
111(2)
5.2.4 Tertiary compression
113(2)
5.3 Hydraulic conductivity
115(2)
5.3.1 Effect of pH on permeability
117(1)
5.4 Final settlement due to surface load
117(1)
5.5 Observational methods
118(3)
6 Soil improvement and construction methods in peat 121(50)
6.1 Introduction
121(4)
6.2 Excavation - displacement and replacement
125(1)
6.3 Surface reinforcement, preloading and vertical drain
126(9)
6.3.1 Surface reinforcement
126(2)
6.3.2 Preloading
128(2)
6.3.3 Vacuum preloading
130(5)
6.4 Deep stabilization
135(8)
6.4.1 Ras-columns
139(1)
6.4.2 Cement deep mixing system (CDM)
140(1)
6.4.3 Jet grouting systems
141(1)
6.4.4 Vacuum grouting injection
141(1)
6.4.5 Dry jet mixing system (DJM)
142(1)
6.4.6 Dynamic replacement method
142(1)
6.4.7 Sand drains and sand/stone columns
143(1)
6.4.8 Vibrated concrete column
143(1)
6.5 Pile support
143(13)
6.5.1 Types of pile
144(1)
6.5.2 Pile behaviour
145(3)
6.5.2.1 Geological behaviour
145(1)
6.5.2.2 Inadequate ground investigation
146(1)
6.5.2.3 Construction behaviour
147(1)
6.5.3 Piled raft foundation
148(3)
6.5.4 Pile mat-JHS system
151(1)
6.5.5 AuGeo pile system
152(1)
6.5.6 Friction/floating piles
153(3)
6.6 Chemical stabilization
156(1)
6.6.1 Chemical and cementation grouts
156(1)
6.6.2 Sodium silicate system
156(1)
6.6.3 Silicate chloride amide system
157(1)
6.7 Choosing the grout
157(1)
6.8 Lightweight fill
157(5)
6.9 Other methods of construction
162(1)
6.9.1 Geocells
162(1)
6.9.2 Thermal precompression
162(1)
6.9.3 Gap method
162(1)
6.9.4 Reinforced overlay
162(1)
6.10 Trial embankments
163(2)
6.11 Chemical and biological changes
165(1)
6.12 Effect of drainage
166(2)
6.13 Choice of construction methods
168(3)
7 Recent advances in the geotechnics of organic soils and peat 171(48)
7.1 Introduction
171(1)
7.2 Electrokinetics
171(9)
7.2.1 Electroosmotics
173(4)
7.2.2 Electroosmosis in organic soils and peat
177(3)
7.3 Electrokinetic cell
180(2)
7.4 Electrokinetic stabilization of organic soils and peat
182(1)
7.5 Biocementing stabilization
183(1)
7.6 Biogrouting and its challenges
184(1)
7.7 Electro-biogrouting in organic soils and peat
185(1)
7.8 Conventional additives and/or fibre reinforcement in organic soils and peat
186(15)
7.8.1 Ground granulated blast furnace slag (BFS)
186(1)
7.8.2 Pulverized fuel ash/fly ash (FA)
187(1)
7.8.3 Silica fume/micro silica (SFU)
188(4)
7.8.4 Polypropylene fibres (PPF)
192(7)
7.8.5 Steel fibres
199(1)
7.S.6 Cement and fibres
200(1)
7.9 Peat stabilization by reinforced columns
201(8)
7.9.1 Cement-sodium silicate stabilized columns
204(3)
7.9.2 Cement and silica fume stabilized precast columns
207(2)
7.10 Geogrid reinforced vibrocompacted stone column
209(3)
7.11 New deep mixing methods (DMM) for stabilization with new chemical binders
212(7)
8 Environmental geotechnics in peat and organic soils 219(20)
8.1 Introduction
219(1)
8.2 Peat hydrology
219(3)
8.3 Physico-chemical properties of peat
222(4)
8.4 Physico-chemical properties of peat pore fluid
226(2)
8.5 Common ground between soil scientists and geotechnical engineers
228(5)
8.6 Chemical and biological changes
233(1)
8.7 Effect of peat media on stabilization procedure
233(4)
8.7.1 Effect of CO2 on treated peat
233(2)
8.7.2 Effect of N on treated peat
235(2)
8.7.3 Effect of pH on treated peat
237(1)
8.8 Continuing research in peat land development
237(2)
References 239(26)
Subject index 265
Bujang B.K. Huat graduated from the Polytechnic of Central London, UK in 1983, and obtained his MSc and PhD at the Imperial College London and the Victoria University Manchester, UK in 1986 and 1991 respectively. He has spent his professional career as a Professor in Geotechnical Engineering, at the Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, one of Malaysias five research universities. Currently he serves as the Dean of School of Graduate Studies of the same university. His special area of interest is in the field of geotechnical and geological engineering, especially peat, and slope engineering; he has authored and co-authored 18 books, edited ten conference proceedings, and published more than 100 journal and conference proceedings papers in the field of soil mechanics and foundation engineering.



Arun Prasad is Associate Professor of Geotechnical Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), India. He graduated with a BSc in Civil Engineering in 1986 from Utkal University, India; he obtained his MSc and PhD from Sambalpur University and Devi Ahilya University, India in 1989 and 2000 respectively. He worked as Post-Doctoral Researcher at Universiti Putra Malaysia during 200910. His special area of research is the soil stabilization of soft and contaminated soils. He has co-authored three books and co-edited a book in the field of Geotechnical Engineering, and has published more than 60 papers in journals and conference proceedings.



Dr. Afshin Asadi received his BSc in Civil Engineering from IAU, his MSc in Civil Engineering-Environmental Engineering from the Iran University of Science and Technology, and his PhD in Geotechnical Engineering from University Putra Malaysia in 2010. He received an Australia Endeavour Research Fellowship Award in 2011 and completed his postdoctoral studies at the University of Wollongong in 2012. His research areas are mostly ground improvement, electrokinetics, and environmental geotechnics. He is a member of the Environmental Geotechnics editorial board published by ICE Publishing, UK. Presently, he is a Research Fellow at the Housing Research Centre (HRC), University Putra Malaysia.



Sina Kazemian is Assistant Professor at the Civil Engineering department of Payame Noor University (PNUM), I.R. of Iran He obtained his PhD (with distinction) in Geotechnical and Geological Engineering from Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) and achieved recognition of excellence during his PhD viva; his name was inscribed in the Hall of Fame at UPM. He has worked as a lecturer/researcher at Azad University of Bojnourd, Iran and also has more than 10 years of working experience in the industry as Senior Geotechnical Engineer at Sepehr Andishan Sanabad (SAS) Co., Iran and Structure Civil Geotechnics (SCG) Co., Malaysia. Currently, he is also the Principal Geotechnical Engineer and technical associate of Kavosh Pay Co. in Iran. To date he has published more than 100 papers in reputed journals and conference proceedings.